• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.705-717
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• 2020

While the growth factors like insulin initiate a signaling cascade to induce conformational changes in the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), amino acids cause the complex to localize to the site of activation, the lysosome. The precise mechanism of how mTORC1 moves in and out of the lysosome is yet to be elucidated in detail. Here we report that microtubules and the motor protein KIF11 are required for the proper dissociation of mTORC1 from the lysosome upon amino acid scarcity. When microtubules are disrupted or KIF11 is knocked down, we observe that mTORC1 localizes to the lysosome even in the amino acid-starved situation where it should be dispersed in the cytosol, causing an elevated mTORC1 activity. Moreover, in the mechanistic perspective, we discover that mTORC1 interacts with KIF11 on the motor domain of KIF11, enabling the complex to move out of the lysosome along microtubules. Our results suggest not only a novel way of the regulation regarding amino acid availability for mTORC1, but also a new role of KIF11 and microtubules in mTOR signaling.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attentional focus and distance of external focus on the performance of balance task of upper extremity. Subjects (N=30) held a stick (2 m) and maintained it horizontally. All of the subjects performed balance task of upper extremity under four different attentional focus conditions: focus on hand (internal focus), marker at 10 cm inside of hand (external focus 1), marker at 10 cm outside of hand (external focus 2), marker at 20 cm outside of hand (external focus 3). The mean velocity of the bar (mm/s) and the muscle activity of biceps brachii (%RVC) were measured. They were decreased when the subjects focused on external focuses compared to internal focus and decreased as distance of attentional focus from body increased (p<.05). There were significant differences between groups (p<.05); internal focus-external focus 1, internal focus-external focus 2, internal focus-external focus 3, external focus 2-external focus 3. These results showed that external focus is more effective than internal focus in enhancing motor performance and focusing on more distant attentional focus results in enhanced motor performance promoting the utilization of more automatic control mechanisms.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2023

Purpose: Coordinated activity between the jaw and neck muscles is important in oral motor tasks such as chewing. This study examined coherence between the jaw and neck muscles during chewing in healthy adults. Methods: A total of 12 healthy adults underwent electromyography (EMG) of the jaw and neck muscles during right-sided chewing at a frequency of 1 Hz. Surface electrodes were placed over the temporalis (TA), masseter (MS), anterior digastric (DA), and sternocleidomastoid (SM) muscles on the right side. EMG signals were processed for coherence and phase analysis using advanced signal processing techniques. Results: The MS and TA muscle pair exhibited high synchronization when chewing (median coherence=0.992). Contrarily, the coherence values between the MS and DA, as well as the MS and SM muscle pairs, were relatively low (median coherence=0.848 and 0.957, respectively). Phase analysis revealed minimal temporal differences between the MS and TA muscle pair and the MS and SM muscle pair, whereas substantial phase shifts were observed between the MS and DA muscle pair. Conclusions: During chewing in healthy adults, the TA muscle works synergistically whereas the DA muscle antagonistically with the MS muscle, and the SM muscle supports the activity of the MS muscle. The observed synchrony and coordination provide insights into the intricate interplay among these muscles during oral motor tasks.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the factors related to school-based activity performance in school-aged children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The Gross Motor Function Systems (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) as functional classifications, and the physical activity performance of the School Function Assessment (SFA) were measured in 79 children with spastic CP to assess the student's performance of specific school-related functional activities. RESULTS: All the function classification systems were correlated significantly with the physical activity performance of the SFA ($r_s=-.47$ to -.80) (p<.05). The MACS (${\beta}=-.59$), GMFCS (${\beta}=-.23$), CFCS (${\beta}=-.21$), and age (${\beta}=-.15$) in order were predictors of the physical activity performance of the SFA (84.8%)(p<.05). CONCLUSION: These functional classification systems can be used to predict the school-based activity performance in school-aged children with CP. In addition, they can contribute to the selection of areas for intensive interventions to improve the school-based activity performance.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 성인 선천성 심장 질환자의 불확실성과 삶의 질 간의 관계를 파악하기 위한 서술적 상관 관계연구이다. S시에 있는 종합 병원의 성인 선천성 심장 질환자 136명을 대상으로 하였다. 삶의 질은 불확실성과 대근육 운동기능 영역(r=-.15, p=.041), 인지(r=-18, p=.014), 통증(r=-.14, p=.045), 일상 생활(r=-.15, p=.039), 활력(r=-.16, p=.029)에서 모두 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 성인 선천성 심장 질환자의 대근육 운동 기능 영역, 일상 생활을 투입한 회귀모형은 유의한 것으로 나타났으며(F=6.15, p=.018), 모형의 설명력은 22.0%였다. 이를 통해 성인 선천성 심장 질환자의 불확실성을 개선시키기 위해서는 대근육 운동 기능 영역 및 일상 생활 기능을 증진시킬 수 있는 중재 프로그램이 제공되어야 할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2020

본 연구는 하지 사슬운동 유형이 라이프케어먼트를 위한 운동 수행능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전라북도 소재 J대학의 정상 성인 여성 20명이 참여하여 두 가지 유형의 사슬운동을 적용하여 배곧은근의 활성도와 균형 능력에 대한 운동 효과 차이를 검사하였다. 참여자들은 각 유형의 운동에 대해 4주 동안 운동을 시행하도록 하였고 그룹 내 및 그룹 간 차이를 비교하기 위해 대응표본 t-검정과 독립 표본 t- 검정을 이용해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 근육활성도와 균형 기능에서 닫힌사슬 운동이 열린사슬 운동보다 더 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 임상 치료 환경에서 환자에게 하지 운동기능 향상을 위해 사슬운동을 적용할 경우에 닫힌사슬 운동 적용이 보다 효과적일 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 1998

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Ukgansan(UGS) extract on anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. UGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine. 2. UGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit.(3 sec, 200 F, 25 mA) 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of UGS extract on the rectal temperature of mouse, UGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mouse 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of UGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150\;{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in mouse, UGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mouse. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of UGS extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1 ml/100g in mouse, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 6. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in mouse brains after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract. the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 9 On the experiment of effect of UGS water extract on the activity of GAD in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. According to the these results, Ukgansan extracts reveal the effects on the anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.205-225
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• 1996

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Youngyanggaksan (YGS) extract on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. YGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and time to death induced by strychnine. 2. YGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit (3sec, 200F, 25mA). 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of YGS extract on the rectal temperature of rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of YGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of YGS extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1ml/100g in rats, the writhing syndrome was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 6. On the experiment of sedative effects of YGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 9. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GAD in rat brains after 21 days of oral adminstration of YGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. According to the those results, Youngyanggaksan extract reveals the effects on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1997

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Cheonmagudeungyeum(CGY) extract on anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. CGY extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine. 2. CGY extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit(3 sec, 200 F, 25 mA) 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of CGY extract on the rectal temperature of mice, CGY extract decreased the rectal temperature of mice. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of CGY extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150\;{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in mice, CGY extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mice. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of CGY extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1 ml/100g in mice, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 6. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract 7. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity of GABA - transaminase (GABA-T) in mouse brains after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity concentration of GABA in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 9. On the experiment of effect of CGY water extract on the activity of GAD in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. According to the these results, Cheonmagudeungyeum extracts reveal the effects on the anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2013

강제유도운동치료는 최근 신경재활 분야에서 가장 주목 받고 있는 상지 재활 치료방법 중 하나로 하루 6시간씩 주 5일 2주간 강도 높은 훈련을 환측 팔에 제공하고, 건측의 사용을 억제하기 위해 깨어 있는 시간의 90%를 구속하는 치료방법이다. 최근에는 전통적인 강제유도운동치료의 임상적 한계를 바탕으로 수정된 강제유도운동치료가 많이 적용되고 있다. 수정된 강제유도운동치료는 하루 5시간씩 주 5일, 10주간 건측을 억제하고 하루 30분간 손상측을 치료하는 방법이다. 이는 일상생활 수행 평가인 소아 운동 활동 측정표(Pediatric Motor Activity Log; PMAL)와 상지 질적 평가(Quality of Upper Extremities Skills Test; QUEST), 환측의 상지 기능을 평가하는 멜버른 상지 평가(Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function; MAULF), 환측과 건측의 양손 협응을 보기 위한 Assisting Hand Assessment(AHA)를 통해 강제유도운동치료의 효과를 입증하였다. 본 고찰에서는 강제유도운동치료 적용 후, 신경학적 변화를 살펴본 연구를 중점적으로 분석하였다. 경직성 편마비형 뇌성마비 아동에게 강제유도운동치료 또는 수정된 강제유도운동치료를 적용한 결과, 신체부분의 움직임의 양에 따라 대뇌피질에 나타나는 신체 부위의 크기가 변한다는 것을 보여주었다. 또한 반대측 운동피질의 활성을 증가시켜주고, 동측 피질의 활성을 감소시켜 신경재조직에 영향을 주기 때문에 강제유도운동치료는 신경가소성의 원리를 이용한 상지 재활 치료 방법이라 하겠다.