• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1997

In order to use analog more systematically in science class, an instructional model was designed on the basis of analogical reasoning processes (encoding, inference, mapping, application, and response) in the Sternberg's component process theory. The model has five phases (introducing target context, cue retrieval of analog context, mapping similarity and drawing target concept, application, and elaboration), and the instructional effects of using the model upon students' comprehension of science concepts and motivation level of learning were investigated. The treatment and control groups (1 class each) were selected from 8th-grade classes and taught about chemical change and chemical reaction for the period of 10 class hours. The treatment group was taught with the materials based on the model, while the control group was taught in traditional instruction without using analog. Before the instructions, modified versions of the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey and the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking were administered, and their scores were used as covariates for students' conceptions and motivational level of learning, respectively. Analogical reasoning ability test was also administered, and its score was used as a blocking variable. After the instructions, students' conceptions were measured by a researcher-made science conception test, and their motivational level of learning was measured by a modified version of the Instructional Materials Motivation Scale. The results indicated that the adjusted mean score of the conception test for the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group at .01 level of significance. No significant interaction between the instruction and the analogical reasoning ability was found. Although the motivational level of learning for the treatment group was higher than that for the control group, the difference was found to be statistically insignificant. Educational implications are discussed.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2011

This study was carried out to P University of Education 111 students who participated in science materials study course 1 in spring semester 2011. Students have taken the course pre-service teachers of elementary school classes to target elementary school earth science field, they selected one of the sections to create a class and the students have fulfilled 15-minute classes in respectively from the first week of May 2011 to until end of that course. In this class, colleagues evaluated the classes and we used evaluated scores to determine level of instructional motivation strategy. The obtained results from this study are as follows; First, motivational strategies used by preliminary elementary school teacher were questions, presentation of pictures and photographs, storytelling, presentation of contradictory concepts and phenomena, pilot experiments Second, among preliminary elementary teachers' motivational strategies for teaching in the field of the earth storytelling, presenting contradictory phenomena and concepts, pilot experiment, presentation of contradictory concepts, questions got higher scores in the order. Third, storytelling received the highest scores by the evaluators. So we can consider storytelling as a good strategy for the next class. In particular, storytelling used by animism were more effective. Fourth, preliminary elementary school teachers used life knowledges and dairy experiences as instructional motivation.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.327-341
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• 2016

This study explores the effective visual resources in the “regularity in chemical reactions” unit of ninth grade science textbooks (2009 revised version). The frequency and role of visual resources were initially examined, and the students’ perceptions of visual resources were investigated. The results of the analysis represented the learning material presentation (68%), motivational categories (14%), guide to inquiry procedures (9%), and inquiry results and summaries (8%). According to the investigation of the students’ perceptions of visual resources, the most effective visual resource for motivation is a photograph depicting physical and chemical changes, such as in bread baking and the most effective for learning material presentations in mass conservation, definite proportion, and stoichiometric concept units were a cartoon, graph, and formula representing stoichiometric phenomena, respectively. The most effective resource for guide to inquiry (experimental) procedures were photographs of both instruments and sequential experiment processes; and in the inquiry results and summary category, incomplete tables and graphs for students to work on themselves. The aims of this research are to increase the usefulness of visual resources in the teaching-learning activity and provide informative supplements for the development and improvement of visual resources, according to the students’ perceptions.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to develop the Arduino based STEAM instruction materials for creative engineering design class. PDIE model was used in this study. We developed a STEAM lesson plan and a STEAM lesson worksheet for a total of six sessions through the steps of preparation, development, implementation and evaluation. The validity of the instruction materials was evaluated by the 10 experts using a survey. The instruction materials were applied to the class (52 students attended) of the creative engineering designs unit in technology and home economics subject. The class satisfaction and the creative solving-problem ability were examined after the calss. The class satafacition was high as the average of 10 item was 4.57 (out of 5). The paired t-test was conducted to compare the means of the creative solving-problem ability. It was observed that 'understanding and mastery of knowledge, thought, function and skills in a specific domain', 'divergent thinking', 'critical and logical thinking' and ' motivational factors' were significantly increased after the class. The instruction materials develped in this study were successfully designed to enhance the creative solving-problem ability by designing creative tasks and to intrique the interest by adding visual and auditory stimuli with the Arduino.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 기술 가정과의 인성교육 실현을 위해 ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 인성교육 교수 학습 과정안을 개발하여 수업을 실시한 후, 가정과 수업이 청소년의 인성변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는지 그 효과를 분석하는데 있다. 수업은 광주광역시에 위치한 M중학교의 남학생 4학급 110명을 대상으로 2017년 3월 6일부터 4월 7일까지 총 5주간 9차시의 인성교육 수업이 실시되었다. 또한 학습자의 수업 평가, 수업 전 후 인성수준 평가를 통해 수업의 효과를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 단계 및 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, '가족의 이해' 단원의 인성교육 수업을 위하여 9차시의 교수 학습 과정안이 개발되었다. 본 교수 학습 과정안은 ARCS 동기 유발 전략을 적용하여 학습자의 학습 흥미도를 높이고 인성요소를 고려하여 중학생의 인성을 향상하기 위한 것이다. 교수 학습을 위해 중학교 기술 가정 '가족의 이해' 단원에서 총 9차시의 교수 학습 과정안을 개발하고, 활동지(14), PPT자료(2)를 개발하였다. 둘째, ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 인성교육 수업을 받은 중학생은 인성의 하위 항목 (성실, 배려 소통, 책임, 자기조절, 정직 용기, 지혜, 정의) 모두에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 ARCS를 적용한 인성교육 수업은 중학생의 인성을 함양하는데 긍정적 효과를 보였다고 할 수 있다. 셋째, ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 인성교육 수업은 학습자의 수업의 만족도를 높여주었다. 척도형 설문조사를 실시한 결과 수업에 대한 전반적인 평가 4개의 문항에서 72.3%가 '매우 그렇다'로 응답하였다. 좋았던 점과 아쉬웠던 점을 묻는 개방형 질문에는 '재미있었고, 가족에 대해 더 잘 알 수 있었고 조 활동이 많아 배려와 협동심이 늘어날 수 있어 좋았다.' 등의 응답으로 학습자들이 인성교육 수업에 즐겁게 참여하였다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 단 필기내용이 많아 힘들어 하는 학생들이 있으므로 좀 더 효율적인 지도 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 개발된 ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 기술 가정과 인성교육 교수 학습 과정안과 학습 자료는 학생들의 인성 역량을 강화하는 기초 자료로 활용이 되길 기대한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2022

In this paper, we adjusted the feedback and learning materials for each learning based on ARCS motivation which applied DEVS methodology. We designed the ARCS professor-student model that expresses the continuous change in the student's attitude toward the class according to the student's attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. It was applied to computational thinking and data analysis classes Based on the designed model. Before and after class, the students were asked the same question and then analyzed for each part of the ARCS. It was observed that students' perceptions of Attention, Relevance, and Satisfaction were improved except for Confidence. we observed that the students themselves felt that they lacked a lot of confidence compared to other ARS through the analysis. Although, Confidence showed a 13.5% improvement after class but it was about 33% lower than the average of other ARS. However, when it was observed that students' self-confidence was 30% lower than other motivational factors it was confirmed that the part that leads C to a similar level in other ARS is necessary.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2023

이 연구에서는 2015 개정 교육과정에 따라 개발하여 2021학년도까지 사용한 초등 3~4학년 과학 국정교과서와 2022학년도부터 사용하고 있는 7종의 검정교과서의 시각화 자료 유형과 역할이 다양성 측면에서 어떤 차이가 있는지 비교분석하였다. 분석 대상은 초등 3~4학년 과학 교과서의 운동과 에너지, 물질, 생명, 지구와 우주, 통합 영역 모든 단원으로 총 17단원이다. 시각화 자료의 유형과 역할을 분석하기 위하여 분석틀을 개발하여 8종의 교과서를 비교 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국정교과서와 검정교과서 7종의 시각화 자료 총량과 일반삽화 총량에 차이가 있었다. 그러나 영역별로 일반삽화와 인포그래픽을 사용하는 양에 차이가 없었다. 인포그래픽을 많이 사용하는 영역이 생명, 지구와 우주 순서로 같았다. 둘째, 시각화 자료 유형에 따른 역할 측면에서 일반삽화는 차이가 있었으나 인포그래픽은 차이가 없었다. 세부적으로 살펴보면 모든 검정교과서의 일반삽화에서 동기유발 역할이 증가하였다. 탐구과정 안내의 역할이 줄어든 검정교과서가 3종 있었고, 2종의 검정교과서에서 적용 및 예시의 비율이 증가하였다. 셋째, 인포그래픽 하위유형별 빈도수를 살펴보면 프로세스형, 구조형, 비교분석형, 타임라인형이 전체의 86%를 차지하고 있으나 교과서별로 하위 유형에 다소 차이가 있다. 이 연구로 얻은 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교과 내용 선정 시 탐구활동 유형, 탐구과정, 탐구기능, 소재의 변화가 선행되어야 시각화 자료의 유형이나 역할 측면에서 차별화가 이루어질 것이다. 둘째, 교과서 단원이나 차시 내 구성의 틀이 변화되어야 시각화 자료의 양이나 유형에서 다양성과 창의성이 발휘될 것이다. 셋째, 검정교과서 심사 기준 및 방식에 대한 지속적인 연구와 논의가 필요하다.

• 복식
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2014

Although DIY(Do-It-Yourself) clothes are not popular in Korea, they continually reflect emerging DIY trends. Previous studies have approached the technical aspect of DIY clothes or have considered them only as an aspect of consumption tendencies. The purpose of this study is to look into online communities to investigate distinctive elements, which form the DIY clothing culture. Participant observation of texts and pictures from the online community's postings about DIY was conducted and used for the analysis. Research results showed that personal and social factors motivated DIY clothes. Personal motivations are comprised of factors such as practical creativity and personal enjoyment. Practical creativity occurred when someone wished to express aesthetics and personality in DIY clothes; personal enjoyment refers to the pleasure and utility that one feels when one makes DIY clothes. The social motivations were comprised of factors such as a desire to show off and to expand social exchanges. The desire to show off involved wearing DIY clothes and then finding satisfaction from reactions of people who notice it. The "expansion of exchanges" was not only about sharing information about DIY clothes in an online community but also about distributing or giving real goods (materials or tools for DIY clothes and finished goods) as gifts. Furthermore, some "DIYers" made DIY clothes sustainable by pursuing economic feasibility as an additional motivational factor. When they had expertise and commercial traits, they established businesses in the form of independent creative firms, transforming themselves from productive consumers to producers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2891-2896
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• 2013

Background: To illustrate multiple approaches and to assess participation rates adopted for a community based smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala. Materials and Methods: Resident males in the age group 18-60 years who were 'current daily smokers' from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala (2 intervention and 2 control groups) were selected. Smoking status was assessed through house-to-house survey using trained volunteers. Multiple approaches included awareness on tobacco hazards during baseline survey and distribution of multicolour anti-tobacco leaflets for intervention and control groups. Further, the intervention group received a tobacco cessation booklet and four sessions of counselling which included a one-time group counselling cum medical camp, followed by proactive counselling through face-to-face (FTF) interview and mobile phone. In the second and fourth session, motivational counselling was conducted. Results: Among 928 smokers identified, smokers in intervention and control groups numbered 474 (mean age: 44.6 years, SD: 9.66 years) and 454 respectively (44.5 years, SD: 10.30 years). Among the 474 subjects, 75 (16%) had attended the group counselling cum medical camp after completion of baseline survey in the intervention group, Among the remaining subjects (n=399), 88% were contacted through FTF and mobile phone (8.5%). In the second session (4-6 weeks time period), the response rate for individual counselling was 94% (78% through FTF and 16% through mobile phone). At 3 months, 70.4% were contacted by their mobile phone and further, 19.6% through FTF (total 90%) while at 6 months (fourth session), the response rate was 74% and 16.4% for FTF and mobile phone respectively, covering 90.4% of the total subjects. Overall, in the intervention group, 97.4% of subjects were being contacted at least once and individual counselling given. Conclusion: Proactive community centred intervention programmes using multiple approaches were found to be successful to increase the participation rate for intervention.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.552-563
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 중학생들의 과학 교재를 이용한 학습 방법 및 전략을 조사${\cdot}$분석하였다. 검사도구로 Preferred Method of Study(PMOS)를 사용하였고, 임상 면담법을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면, 학생들이 교과서 새 단원을 통독하는 횟수와 과학 점수간에는 유의미하고 긍정적인 상관관계가 있었으며, 주제의 유형보다는 시험의 유형에 따라 학습 방법 및 전략을 더 쉽게 바꾸는 경향이 있었다. 대부분의 학생들은 교과서를 학습할 때 좀처럼 요약, 도표, 그림 등과 같은 조직적인 도구를 활용하지 않았고, 한 가지의 학습 방법 및 전략을 선호${\cdot}$사용하였다. 또한 극소수의 학생(1%)만이 선행지식을 교과서 안의 새로운 개념과 연결시키려고 의식적인 노력을 기울였다. 그리고 학생들이 과학 교과를 공부할 때 우선적으로 활용하는 자료로 교과서를 선택하지만 직접적인 학습에 있어서는 참고서와 문제집을 신뢰${\cdot}$이용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러므로 학습재로서의 교과서 개발과 효과적인 과학 교육을 위하여, 학습자의 학습 방법 및 전략과 인지심리학, 동기심리학 등의 다양한 영역에 대한 구체적이고 직접적인 연구가 선행되어야 하며, 학생들의 인지 수준의 이해를 통한 교수와 더불어 학생들의 학습 양태(learning style), 학습 방법 및 전략(learning method and strategy)을 파악하여 능동적인 의미구성의 장으로서 교과서의 역활을 극대화시켜야 한다. 그리고 교과서 집필의 기초 자료로서 학생들의 교과서 활용 방안에 대한 다양한 관점의 연구 분석이 요구된다.