• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.5
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• pp.25-32
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• 1998

In this paper, SA (shape adaptive)-DCT is implemented using a datapath with 4 MACs (multiplication & accumulator). DCT is a well-known bottleneck of real-time video compression using MPEG-like schemes. High-speed pipelined MACs presented here implement real-time DCT. A datapath in this paper executes DCT/IDCT algorithms for QCIF 15fps(frame per second), maximum rate of VLBV(very low bitrte video) in MPEG-4. A 32bit accumulator in a MAC prevents distortion caused by fixed-point process. It can be applied to various operations such as ME (motion estimation) and MC(motion compensation) with a absolutor and a halfer.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.2040-2043
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• 2003

General-purpose MPEG-2 video transcoders must be able to achieve any conversion between 18 ATSC (Advanced television system committee) video formats for DTV (digital television), e.g., scan format, size format, and frame rate format conversion. Especially, scan format conversion is hard to implement because frame rate and size format conversion often happen together. This paper proposes a fast motion estimation(ME) algorithm for MPEG-2 video transcoding supporting scan format conversion. Firstly, we extract and compose a set of candidate motion vectors (MV's) from the input bit-stream to comply with the re-encoding format. Secondly, the best MV is chosen among several candidate MV's by using a weighted median selector. Simulation results show that the proposed ME algorithm reduces significantly transcoding complexity with a minor PSNR degradation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.9C
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• pp.555-563
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an object based 2D image to 3D conversion algorithm by using motion estimation, color labeling and non-local mean filtering methods. In the proposed algorithm, we first extract the motion vector of each object by estimating the motion between frames and then segment a given image frame with color labeling method. Then, combining the results of motion estimation and color labeling, we extract object regions and assign an exact depth value to each object to generate the right image. While generating the right image, occlusion regions occur but they are effectively recovered by using non-local mean filter. Through the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed algorithm performs much better than conventional conversion scheme by removing the eye fatigue effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1254-1259
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• 2010

In this paper, Low Computational Adaptive Expanded Block Search Motion Estimation Method is proposed. Proposed method classifies ME blocks as Average Motion Block(AMB) and Local Motion Block(LMB) according to correlation of reference frame. It could reduce the computational complexity with performing Modified Fast Search(MFS). And accuracy of MV is also increased by 4 sub-blocks on LMB and Block Expansion(BE). The experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance that increased 1.8dB than Diamond Search and 0.6dB than Full Search with 7.5 % computation of Full Search. The proposed method could be applied to video compression and Frame Rate Conversion(FRC).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2009

Motion estimation (ME) plays an important role in digital video compression. But it limits the performance of image quality and encoding speed and is computational demanding part of the encoder. To reduce computational time and maintain the image quality, integer pel and fractional pel ME methods are proposed in this paper. The proposed method for integer pel ME uses a hierarchical search strategy. This strategy method consists of symmetrical cross-X pattern, multi square grid pattern, diamond patterns. These search patterns places search points symmetrically and evenly that can cover the overall search area not to fall into the local minimum and to reduce the computational time. The proposed method for fractional pel uses full search pattern, center biased fractional pel search pattern and the proposed search pattern. According to block sizes, the proposed method for fractional pel decides the search pattern adaptively. Experiment results show that the speedup improvement of the proposed method over Unsymmetrical cross Multi Hexagon grid Search (UMHexagonS) and Full Search (FS) can be up to around $1.2{\sim}5.2$ times faster. Compared to image quality of FS, the proposed method shows an average PSNR drop of 0.01 dB while showing an average PSNR gain of 0.02 dB in comparison to that of UMHexagonS.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.457-465
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• 2018

Since IMO has discussed the effectuation of the EEDI, EEOI and SEEMP, each country, shipping company, shipbuilding company and research institute have been requested to prepare the design, construction and operation of the efficient ship. From the shipbuilding company's point of view, it was necessary to develop a method based on the maneuvering equations of motion in a bid to estimate the EEOI considering the design, model test results and the calculation results of the ship. In this paper, the estimation method of RPM, power and fuel consumption proposed in the previous research was developed to construct a framework that helps in the estimation of the EEOI. It was possible to estimate the EEOI from the estimated ship speed (distance), LNG cargo mass, fuel consumptions and emission factors according to the type of fuel. The rapid increase of the evaluated EEOI was observed when the LNGC with ME-GI engine executing the course changed with a large difference. This prompted the comparison of the type of fuel on the estimated EEOI by considering HFO, LNG fuel and MGO properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.164-166
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• 2012

최근 스마트 기기의 보급과 무선 인터넷망의 보급으로 언제 어디에서나 비디오를 시청할 수 있다. 하지만 무선 인터넷 망의 품질이 안좋을 경우 영상의 QoS(Quality of Service)를 낮춰 프레임을 스킵하여 전송하게 된다. 이 때 FRUC(Frame Rate Up Conversion)기술을 적용한다면 원본의 프레임 레이트를 확보할 수 있어 QoS를 높일 것으로 기대한다. FRUC에서 MV(Motion Vector)추정시에 연산량이 매우 높아서 스마트 기기에 적용하는 것이 어렵지만 H.264코덱으로 인코딩된 동영상은 자체적으로 MV정보를 갖고 있기 때문에 이 MV를 FRUC에 적용할 수 있다면 FRUC의 연산량을 줄일 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해서 H.264에 적용된 ME(Motion Estimation)와 FRUC에 적용된 ME의 차이를 고려하여 H.264코덱의 MV가 유용한지 분석하는 것이 선행돼야 한다. 본 논문에서는 H.264 MV와 FRUC의 MV의 차이를 분석하고 유용성을 판단하는 실험을 통해 H.264로 인코딩 된 비디오의 MV중 상당수가 FRUC에 적합함을 확인했다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.405-406
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• 2008

This paper presents a high performance 2D PE architecture for H.264 Motion Estimation(ME). While existing 2D PE architectures reuse the overlapped data of adjacent search windows scanned in 1 or 3-way, the new architecture scan adjacent windows and multiple paths instead of single raster and zigzag scanning of adjacent windows in 4 way(up,down,left,right). By reducing the redundant access factor by 1.4, the new 4-way search window improve the memory bandwidth by 70-58% compared with 1/3-way search window. With Altera Stratix-III implementation, the high performance 2D PE architecture deals with SD ($720{\times}480$) video of 2 reference frame, $48{\times}48$ search area and $16{\times}16$ macroblock by 30fps at 97.1MHz.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.419-420
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• 2006

In the new video coding standard H.264/AVC, motion estimation (ME) is allowed to search multiple reference frames for improve the rate-distortion performance. The complexity of multi-frame motion estimation increases linearly with the number of used reference frame. However, the distortion gain given by each reference frame varies with the video sequence, and it is not efficient to search through all the candidate frames. In this paper, we propose a fast mult-frame selection method using all zero coefficient block (AZCB) prediction and sum of difference (SAD) of neighbor block. Simulation results show that the speed of the proposed algorithm is up to two times faster than exhaustive search of multiple reference frames with similar quality and bit-rate.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.330-332
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 정수 단위 화소 움직임 예측(ME: Motion Estimation)을 위한 Unsymmetrical-cross Multi-Hexagon-grid Search (UMHexagonS) 알고리즘을 기반으로, CIF 크기의 영상을 실시간으로 부호화 하기 위한 정수 단위 화소 움직임 예측 모듈을 제안한다. 제안하는 정수 단위 화소 움직임 예측 모듈은 32 개의 1 차원 연산유닛(PE: Processing Element) 배열, 데이터 선택/재배열 유닛, 내부버퍼, 그리고 트리 구조의 덧셈기로 구성되며, CIF 크기의 영상 100 프레임을 부호화 하기 위한 클럭 사이클을 계산하여 실험결과로 제시하였다. 그 결과 제안하는 구조는 400MHz 의 클럭 속도에서 CIF 크기의 영상을 실시간으로 부호화 할 수 있다.