• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities and anti-asthma effects of Morus bark water extracts. Inhibitory effect of Morus bark onto free radical generation was determined by measuring DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in vitro. Anti-asthma activities of Morus bark water extracts were assessed by testing their effects on the degranulation of mast cell. For this, $\beta$-hexosaminidase released from a basophilic cell line, RBL-2H3 was used and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. The antioxidant activities of water extracts of Morus bark was 59.2% in the DPPH assay at $2,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ and 78.8% in the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay at $2,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Our results indicated that Morus bark water extracts effectively inhibited free radical generation. Morus bark water extracts inhibited inflammation-mediating substances such as histamine and $\beta$-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells. Cytokine release demonstrated a more effective blockading ability of the Morus bark water extracts to the release of IL-4 and TNF-$\alpha$ compared to control. These results demonstrate that Morus bark may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic inflammatory disease.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 1995

In order to develop a natural food preservative, the root bark of Morus alba was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial substance from the sample, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract form the sample was stronger than those of the extracts by the other solvents such as water, methanol. ethyl acetate and acetone. The optimum extracting condition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction twice for 5 hours at room temperature in case of 7 times of absolute ethanol added to the crushed root bark of Morus alba. The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba had strong B. cereus, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Especially, Bacillus species was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. The ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria(MIC, 160~1600 ug/ml) and yeasts(MIC, 1600 ug/ml) such as C. albicans and S. acidifaeciens. The extract also showed growth inhibition against molds such as A. niger, A. parasiticus, A versicolar and T. viride.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 1995

The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all the tested microorganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-related microorganisms. Therefore, fatty acid composition, amino acid composition and shape change of microorganisms treated with the ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba were examined. In effects of treatment with the ethanol extract on the fatty acid compositions of B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli, fatty aicd compositions such as hexadecanoic acid (16:0) and octadecanoic acid (18:2) of the tested strains were increased but pentadecanoic acid (15:0) heptadecanoic acid (17:0) and acid (16:1) and octadecenoic acid (18:1) of E. coli were decreased. The ethanol extract did not significantly affect the aminn acid composition of the tested strains. Transmission electron micrographs of microorgani는 treated with the ethanol extract exhibited morphological changes that irregularly contracted cell surface in S. aureus and destructed cell walls in B. subtilis and E. coli.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.225.1-230
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• 1995

The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba showed the strongest antimicrobial activity on the growth of almost all the tested microorganisms which were food-borne pathogens and food-related microorganisms. 1) In order to isolate and purify of antimicrobial substance extracted from the root bark of Morus alba, the antimicrobial substance from the ethanol extract which exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity was purified by solvent fractionation, silica gel column chromatography, TLC and HPLC. Among the fractions fractionated by 4 kind of solvents from the ethanol extract, the antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction had the strongest antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis. Unknown compound were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by silica gel column chromatography, TLC and HPLC and the compounds showed strong absorbance at 207, 217 and 285 nm, therefore, it was supposed to be a kinds of aromatic compound.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1981

The root-bark of the mulberry tree has been used as a medicine with antitussive, antiphlogistic, diuretic etc. in Korea. Among many kinds of mulberry trees, Morus Lhou has been widely cultivated in our country. In this experiment, three substances were obtained from the root-bark of Morus Lhou removed its cork layer by column chromatography of methanol extract. One of the substances was supposed as ${\alpha}$-amyrin acetate, another was alyceride, the other was confirmed as ${\beta}$-sistosterol by chemical and physical methods.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2018

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in various diseases, including ulcerative colitis, Behcet's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Morus alba L. extracts obtained using different extraction methods (water extraction or high temperature extraction) on RAW264.7 cells. Methods and Results: Extracts from the central part (including the heartwood, sapwood, cambiun, and phloem) and bark (including the periderm and cortex) of Morus alba L. were obtained using either water or high temperature extraction. The following extract were obtained: MA1, water extract from the central part of Morus alba L., MA2, high temperature extract from the central part of Morus alba L., MA3, water extract from the bark of Morus alba L., and MA4, high temperature extract from the bark of Morus alba L. None of these extracts was observed to be cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells. The MA2 extract reduced the production of LPS-induced NO (nitric oxide), $PGE_2$ (prostaglandin $E_2$), $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results indicated that the inflammatory response was moderated by MA2. Treatment with MA2 could be used as a natural medicine for treating diseases involving inflammation. However, further experiments are required to determine how the high temperature extraction method alters the active ingredients in the extract and influences the anti-inflammatory effects of Morus alba L..

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.295-299
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• 2014

The mulberry (Morus alba L.) root barks were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned as ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. From the EtOAc fraction, five triterpenoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies. According to the results of physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared, the chemical structures of the triterpenoids were respectively determined as ${\alpha}$-amyrin (1), ${\alpha}$-acetyl amyrin (2), lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4), and glutinol (5). Compounds 1, 3, and 5 were isolated for the first time from the mulberry root bark.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.313-323
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• 2015

One of the main processes of tenderizing beef in Joseon Dynasty was chemical methods involving Apricot seeds, manchu cherry twig and leaves, bamboo skins, mulberry tree bark, mangsa (硭砂), salmiacum (磠砂), alcohol, fermented malt, and original honey. This study analyzed and compared the effect of broussonetia papyrifera, fermented malt, cherry trees, and mulberry tree bark from old cookbooks. Tenderizing beef with cherry trees was most effective in the experiment on shearing force, TPA, and electrophoresis of beef. According to sensory evaluation and electrophoresis test results, tenderized beef with mulberry tree bark was slightly more preferred over the method using cherry trees. However, in accordance with the above mentioned experiment, quantitative descriptive analysis showed that the most common tenderizing material was derived from morus alba powder.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2000

The antioxidative activities of water-soluble extracts from leaves and stem bark of Morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata were compared in vitro experimental models. Antioxidative activities were measured by inhibition activity against lipid peroxidation of mouse liver microsome, and they were showed in the following order; stem bark of C. tricuspidata(53%)>stem bark of M. alba(43%)>leaves of C. tricuspidata(38%)>leaves of M. alba(43%). In antioxidative activities determined by thiocyanate method and TBA method, the water-soluble extract of stem bark of C. tricuspidata showed the highest antioxidative activity. The water-soluble extracts of leaves were slightly stronger than other extracts in DPPH$({\alpha},{\alpha}'-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl)$ method. The concentrations of total polyphenolic compound from water-soluble extracts of leaves and stem bark of M. alba and C. tricuspidata were 1.32%, 1.28%, 1.34% and 1.30% respectively. In these results, the water-soluble extract of stem bark from Cudrania tricuspidata showed the highest antioxidative activity.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1998

From mulberry root bark of 13 various varieties, ${\gamma}$-Aminnobutyric acid(GABA) contents were examined on HPLC analyzer. GABA contents in mulberry root bark were affected by genotypes. Average GABA content of the 13 mulberry varieties was 2.19 mg/gDW. GABA content of the varieties ranged from 1.70 to 2.62 mg/gDW. Among the three genotypes, GABA content of the Morus Lhou was higher than the other genotype. In GABA content Hongolppong was the highest with 2.62 mg/gDW on the 13 varieties of mulberry root bark.