• 공업화학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 낮은 열전이 온도를 가지는 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐$(W-VO_2)$을 제조하였다. 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐은 바나딜설페이트$(VOSO_4)$와 중탄산암모늄($(NH_4)$ $HCO_3$)을 전구체로 열분해 과정을 통해 제조하였다. 이에 대한 입자의 구조 및 열전이 특성을 FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, DSC 분석을 통해 조사하였다. 그 결과 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐 입자의 형상은 판상형태로 텅스텐이 이산화바나듐 결정에 잘 도핑 되어 있음을 확인 하였다. 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐의 결정 구조는 단사정으로 60 nm의 크기를 가지고 있었으며, 화학적인 조성 및 표면 상태는 이산화바나듐과 유사하였다. 또한, 텅스텐이 도핑된 이산화바나듐의 상전이 온도는 $38.5^{\circ}C$로 순수한 이산화바나듐의 상전이 온도인 $67.7^{\circ}C$에 비해 $29.2^{\circ}C$ 낮게 나타났으며, 가역 상전이 안정성이 우수하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.497-502
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• 2003

Crystallographic characteristics and interfacial structures of $Al_2$$O_3$and $ZrO_2$dielectric films prepared by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD) were investigated at atomic scale by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)/electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) coupled with a field-emission transmission electron microscope. The results obtained from cross-sectional and plan-view specimens showed that the $Al_2$$O_3$film was crystallized by annealing at a high temperature and its crystal system might be evaluated as either cubic or tetragonal phase. Whereas the $ZrO_2$film crystallized during deposition at a low temperature of ∼$300^{\circ}C$ was composed of both tetragonal and monoclinic phase. The interfacial thickness in both films was increased with the increased annealing temperature. Further, the interfacial structures of X$ZrO_2$$O_3$and $ZrO_2$films were discussed through analyses of EDS elemental maps and EELS spectra obtained from the annealed films, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2002

$ZrOCl_2{\cdot}8H_2O$ 수용액과 $NH_4OH$ 수용액을 반응시켜 얻은 지르코니아 수화물을 반응조건으로 100∼250$^{\circ}$C, 1∼48시간과 1, 5 M NaOH 수용액에서 수열합성하여 결정형 나노크기의 지르코니아 분말을 제조하였다. 수열합성 온도가 낮을 경우 구형의 정방정상 나노입자가 합성되었으며, 합성온도가 증가하면서 입자크기의 증가 및 입자모양도 막대상으로 변하면서 결정상도 단사정상을 나타내었다. NaOH 용액의 몰 농도가 증가함에 따라 합성된 입자의 폭과 길가 크며 장단축비는 감소하였다. 반면에 NaOH 용액의 농도가 낮을 경우 입자 길이가 폭에 비해 상대적으로 크고, 이에 따라 장단축비가 큰 막대상 입자가 합성되었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2009

In the orthopedic field which firstly used zirconia as artificial joints, researchers had studied the reasons for collapsing zirconia used as restorative material by accumulated inner cracks in several years and they found out Low Temperature Degradation is one of the reasons. In the dentistry field, it has not been too long since they used zirconia as the cores of all-ceramic restoration; however, the study is needed as prophylactic measure against Low Temperature Degradation which can be caused by saliva wetting the mouth all the time and frictional forces such as bite pressure and masticatory pressure. Artificial aging by autoclaving is used because there are difficulties of testing in the patient's mouth. To study the changes in the material properties, the flexural strength of dental zirconia ceramic is measured before and after the test. The following are the result of the test. 1) The zirconia blocks in the autoclaves at $130^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$ are phase-shifted tetragonal to monoclinic by Low Temperature Degradation. 2)The non-autoclaved specimens have the average fractural strength of 1346.4MPa, the specimens autoclaved at $130^{\circ}C$ have 1226.4Mpa and the specimens autoclaved at $200^{\circ}C$ have 1024.1MPa. The tests show that as the temperature increases, the flexural strength tend to decrease and the differences are noticeable(p<0.001). 3)Through the Duncan's post-hoc test, the differences in flexural strength of the 3 groups were listed in order of strength like normal temperature>at $130^{\circ}C$ autoclave low temperature degradation> at $200^{\circ}C$ autoclave low temperature degradation.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.623-627
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• 2008

For possible applications as luminescent materials for white-light emission using UV-LEDs, $Ba_2Mg(PO_4)_2:Eu^{2+}$ phosphors were prepared by a solid state reaction. The photoluminescence properties of the phosphor were investigated under ultraviolet ray (UV) excitation. The prepared phosphor powders were characterized to from a single phase of a monoclinic crystalline structure by a powder X-ray diffraction analysis. In the photoluminescence spectra, the $Ba_2Mg(PO_4)_2:Eu^{2+}$ phosphor showed an intense emission band centered at the 584 nm wavelength due to the f-d transition of the $Eu^{2+}$ activator. The optimum concentration of $Eu^{2+}$ activator in the $Ba_2Mg(PO_4)_2$ host, indicating the maximum emission intensity under the excitation of a 395 nm wavelength, was 5 at%. In addition, it was confirmed that the $Eu^{2+}$ ions are substituted at both $Ba^{2+}$ sites in the $Ba_2Mg(PO_4)_2$ crystal. On the other hand, the critical distance of energy transfer between $Eu^{2+}$ ions in the $Ba_2Mg(PO_4)_2$ host was evaluated to be approximately 19.3 A. With increasing temperature, the emission intensity of the $Ba_2Mg(PO_4)_2$:Eu phosphor was considerably decreased and the central wavelength of the emission peak was shifted toward a short wavelength.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.956-960
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• 2010

CuO doped $WO_3-SnO_2$ thick film gas sensors were fabricated by screen printing method on alumina substrates and heat-treated at $350^{\circ}C$ in air. The effects of mixing ratio of $WO_3$ with $SnO_2$ on the structural and morphological properties of $WO_3-SnO_2$ were investigated X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope. The structural properties of the $WO_3-SnO_2$:CuO thick film by XRD showed that the monoclinic of $WO_3$ and the tetragonal of $SnO_2$ phase were mixed. Nano CuO was coated on the $WO_3-SnO_2$ surface and then the surface of $WO_3$ was coated with $SnO_2$ particles with $1\sim1.5{\mu}m$ in diameters, as confirmed form the SEM image. The sensitivity of the $WO_3-SnO_2$:CuO sensor to 2000 ppm $CO_2$ gas and 50 ppm $H_2S$ gas for the various ratio of $WO_3$ and $SnO_2$ was investigated. The 4 wt% CuO doped $WO_3-SnO_2$(75:25) tkick films showed the highest sensitivity to $CO_2$ gas and $H_2S$ gas.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the optical properties of pre-colored dental monolithic zirconia ceramics of various thicknesses sintered in a microwave and those in a conventional furnace. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A2-shade of pre-colored monolithic zirconia ceramic specimens ($22.0mm{\times}22.0mm$) in 3 thickness groups of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm were divided into 2 subgroups according to the sintering methods (n=9): microwave and conventional sintering. A spectrophotometer was used to obtain CIELab color coordinates, and translucency parameters and CIEDE2000 color differences (${\Delta}E_{00}$) were measured. The relative amount of monoclinic phase ($X_m$) was estimated with x-ray diffraction. The surface topography was analyzed by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. Statistical analyses were conducted with two-way ANOVA (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. There were small interaction effects on CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and TP between sintering method and thickness (P<.001): $L^*$ (partial eta squared ${{\eta}_p}^2=0.115$), $a^*$ (${{\eta}_p}^2=0.136$), and TP (${{\eta}_p}^2=0.206$), although higher $b^*$ values were noted for microwave sintering regardless of thickness. Color differences between two sintering methods ranged from 0.52 to 0.96 ${\Delta}E_{00}$ units. The $X_m$ values ranged from 7.03% to 9.89% for conventional sintering, and from 7.31% to 9.17% for microwave sintering. The microwave-sintered specimen demonstrated a smoother surface and a more uniform grain structure compared to the conventionally-sintered specimen. CONCLUSION. With reduced processing time, microwave-sintered pre-colored dental monolithic zirconia ceramics can exhibit similar color perception and translucency to those by conventional sintering.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2011

A $ZrO_2$ thin film as a corrosion protective layer was deposited on Zircaloy-4 (Z-4) clad material using $N_2O$ as a reactive gas by RF reactive magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The Z-4 substrate was located in plasma or out of plasma during the $ZrO_2$ deposition process to investigate mechanical and corrosive properties for the plasma immersion. Tetragonal and monoclinic phases were existed in $ZrO_2$ thin film immersed in plasma. We observed that a grain size of the $ZrO_2$ thin film immersed in plasma state is larger than that of the $ZrO_2$ thin film out of plasma state. In addition, the corrosive property of the $ZrO_2$ thin films in the plasma was characterized using the weight gains of Z-4 after the corrosion test. Compared with the $ZrO_2$ thin film immersed out of plasma, the weight gains of $ZrO_2$ thin film immersed in plasma were larger. These results indicate that the $ZrO_2$ film with the tetragonal phase in the $ZrO_2$ can protect the Z-4 from corrosive phenomena.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.681-685
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 열 변색 물질로 알려진 순수한 $BiVO_4$ 분말과 금속이 도핑된 $M-BiVO_4$ (M = Mg, Cu) 분말들을 bismuth nitrate ($Bi(NO_3)_3$)와 ammonium vanadate ($NH_4VO_3$)의 혼합 수용액으로부터 고압반응기에서 수열 합성법을 통하여 성공적으로 제조하였다. 시료들의 결정구조, 미세구조 및 열 변색 특성들은 FE-SEM, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, UV-Vis-NIR 분광기 및 colorimeter를 이용하여 분석하였다. 시료를 상전이 온도 이상으로 가열시키면, 순수한 $BiVO_4$ 시료에 비하여 $M-BiVO_4$ (M = Mg, Cu) 시료의 색상이 상대적으로 선명하게 열 변색하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.261-267
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• 1988

완도납석과 carbon black 의 혼합물을 135$0^{\circ}C$에서 질소분위기를 사용하여 탄소환원질화법으로 $\beta$-Sialon 분물에 $\beta$-SiC를 제2상으로 넣어서 $Y_2O_3$와 $ZrO_2$를 각 소결조제로 사용하여 175$0^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 상압소결하였다. 10wt %의 $Y_2O_3$를 소결조제로 사용하였을 때에 파괴인성은 3.8MN/m^{3/2}$, 3점꺽임 강도는 470MN/$m^2$ 그리고 경도는 13.7MN/$m^2$로서 좋은 값을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 파괴인성과 꺽임강도의 증가는 균열편향과 균열나눠짐에 의한 것으로 생각된다.