• 제목/요약/키워드: Momordica charantia L.

검색결과 51건 처리시간 0.026초

High-frequency shoot regeneration from leaf explants through organogenesis in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.)

  • Thiruvengadam, Muthu;Rekha, K.T.;Yang, Chang-Hsien;Jayabalan, Narayanasamypillai;Chung, Ill-Min
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
    • /
    • 제4권4호
    • /
    • pp.321-328
    • /
    • 2010
  • An efficient protocol for in vitro organogenesis was achieved from callus-derived immature and mature leaf explants of Momordica charantia, a very important vegetable and medicinal plant. Calluses were induced from immature leaf explants excised from in vitro (15-day-old seedlings) mature leaf explants of vivo plants (45 days old). The explants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg (B5) vitamins containing 30 g $1^{-1}$ sucrose, 2.2 g $1^{-1}$ Gelrite, and 7.7 lM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with 2.2 ${\mu}M$ thidiazuron (TDZ). Regeneration of adventitious shoots from callus (30-40 shoots per explant) was achieved on MS medium containing 5.5 ${\mu}M$ TDZ, 2.2 ${\mu}M$ NAA, and 3.3 ${\mu}M$ silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$). The shoots (1.0 cm length) were excised from callus and elongated in MS medium fortified with 3.5 ${\mu}M$ gibberellic acid ($GA_3$). The elongated shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with 4.0 ${\mu}M$ indole 3-butyric acid (IBA). Rooted plants were acclimatized in the greenhouse and subsequently established in soil with a survival rate of 90%. This protocol yielded an average of 40 plants per leaf explant with a culture period of 98 days.

여주 활성 물질 Protocatechuic Acid의 신경세포의 산화적 스트레스에 대한 개선 효과 (The Protective Effects of Protocatechuic Acid from Momordica charantia against Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells)

  • 최정란;최지명;이상현;조계만;조은주;김현영
    • 생약학회지
    • /
    • 제45권1호
    • /
    • pp.11-16
    • /
    • 2014
  • Protocatechuic acid is an active phenolic acid compound from Momordica charantia. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of protocatechuic acid against oxidative stress under cellular system using C6 glial cell. The oxidative stress was induced by hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and amyloid beta 25-35 ($A{\beta}_{25-35}$), and they caused the decrease of cell viability and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the treatment of protocatechuic acid significantly elevated the decreased cell viability and inhibited the overproduction of ROS by $H_2O_2$. In addition, protocatechuic acid significantly recovered the cellular damage induced by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. In particular, protocatechuic acid at the concentration $10{\mu}g/mL$ decreased the elevated ROS level to normal level. These results indicate that protocatechuic acid may have neuroprotective effect through attenuating oxidative stress.

The Butanol Fraction of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Scavenges Free Radicals and Attenuates Oxidative Stress

  • Kim, Hyun Young;Sin, Seung Mi;Lee, Sanghyun;Cho, Kye Man;Cho, Eun Ju
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
    • /
    • 제18권1호
    • /
    • pp.18-22
    • /
    • 2013
  • To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-$PK_1$ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and $O_2{^-}$, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-$PK_1$ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by $ONOO^-$. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.

전처리 조건에 따른 여주(Momordica charantia L.) 초절임의 쓴맛 감소와 품질평가 (Reduction in bitter taste and quality characteristics in pickled bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) by different pretreatment conditions)

  • 박효순;문보경;김선아
    • 한국식품과학회지
    • /
    • 제48권5호
    • /
    • pp.466-473
    • /
    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 여주(Momordica charantia L.) 의 강한 쓴맛으로 인해 음식재료로서의 활용이 제한적인 어려움이 있는 점을 개선하기 위해 전처리 조건을 달리하여 여주초절임을 제조한 후 총폴리페놀, 총플라보노이드, L-아스코브산, 유리아미노산 등의 함량을 분석하고, 산화방지 활성과 알파글루코시데이스 억제 활성을 측정하고, 색도, 텍스처, 관능검사를 수행하여 여주초절임의 쓴맛 저감효과와 품질 평가를 수행하였다. 여주 초절임의 유효성분 변화 중 총폴리페놀과 총플라보노이드는 5%-1분군이 가장 높은 함량으로 나타났으며, L-아스코브산 함량은 대조군이 높아 전처리 시행 시 L-아스코브산 손실이 있었다. 대조군과 5%-3분군의 총 유리아미노산의 함량 분석은 대조군에 비해 5%-3분군이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 아르지닌과 글루탐산은 다른 유리아미노산들에 비해 높은 증가를 나타냈다. 산화방지 활성과 알파글루코시데이스 억제 활성에서 ABTS 라디칼 소거능과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, 알파글루코시데이스 억제활성 모두 5%-1분군이 가장 높은 결과를 얻었으며, 이는 소금물침지 및 데치기의 복합 전처리가 초절임 제조 후 산화방지 활성과 알파글루코시데이스 억제 활성을 높이는 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다. 색도 측정 결과 L값(lightness)은 실험군이 대조군보다 명도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, a값은 전처리를 시행할수록 또 데치는 시간이 길수록 a값이 높아져 여주의 녹색이 퇴색되는 것으로 나타났고, b값은 황색이 낮게 나타났다. 경도 측정 결과 침지를 시행한 소금물의 농도와 데치는 시간 모두 경도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사에서 5%-3분군의 선호도가 높게 나타났으며, 색상을 제외한 조직감, 쓴맛 강도, 쓴맛 선호도, 전체적인 기호도에서 대조군과 실험군에서는 유의성이 있었으나 실험군 간 유의성은 없었다. 이는 초절임제조 전 소금물의 농도(1%, 5%)와 상관없이 20분간 침지한 후 데치기를 시행한 전처리 과정이 대조군보다 쓴맛은 감소하고 선호도가 증가함을 의미한다. 관능검사와 색도와 텍스처 측정을 통해 소금물의 농도와 상관없이 20분 침지 후 데치기를 시행하는 것이 쓴맛 저감 효과가 있는 결과를 얻었다. 그러나 여주초절임의 총폴리페놀, 총플라보노이드, ABTS와 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성, 알파글루코시데이스억제 활성의 결과가 5%-1분이 가장 높은 결과로 나타났다. 따라서 모든 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때 관능검사에서 쓴맛 저감 효과가 있고 여주초절임의 유효성분과 산화방지 활성, 알파글루코시데이스 억제 활성 결과가 높은 5%-1분 조건이 가장 적합한 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 지금까지 여주의 쓴맛으로 인해 음식재료로서의 사용에 한계가 있었으나 위와 같이 쓴맛을 낮추는 전처리 조리조건을 제시함으로써 음식재료로서의 활용성을 증대할 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 쓴맛의 감소뿐만 아니라 유효성분의 파괴가 적은 여주 초절임 제품의 개발 가능성을 제시함으로써 다양한 가공식품으로의 개발 역시 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Effects of Momordica charantia Saponins on In vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population

  • Kang, Jinhe;Zeng, Bo;Tang, Shaoxun;Wang, Min;Han, Xuefeng;Zhou, Chuanshe;Yan, Qiongxian;He, Zhixiong;Liu, Jinfu;Tan, Zhiliang
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제29권4호
    • /
    • pp.500-508
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Momordica charantia saponin (MCS) on ruminal fermentation of maize stover and abundance of selected microbial populations in vitro. Five levels of MCS supplements (0, 0.01, 0.06, 0.30, 0.60 mg/mL) were tested. The pH, $NH_3-N$, and volatile fatty acid were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation fluids, whilst the selected microbial populations were determined at 6 and 24 h. The high dose of MCS increased the initial fractional rate of degradation at t-value = 0 ($FRD_0$) and the fractional rate of gas production (k), but decreased the theoretical maximum of gas production ($V_F$) and the half-life ($t_{0.5}$) compared with the control. The $NH_3-N$ concentration reached the lowest concentration with 0.01 mg MCS/mL at 6 h. The MSC inclusion increased (p<0.001) the molar proportion of butyrate, isovalerate at 24 h and 48 h, and the molar proportion of acetate at 24 h, but then decreased (p<0.05) them at 48 h. The molar proportion of valerate was increased (p<0.05) at 24 h. The acetate to propionate ratio (A/P; linear, p<0.01) was increased at 24 h, but reached the least value at the level of 0.30 mg/mL MCS. The MCS inclusion decreased (p<0.05) the molar proportion of propionate at 24 h and then increased it at 48 h. The concentration of total volatile fatty acid was decreased (p<0.001) at 24 h, but reached the greatest concentration at the level of 0.01 mg/mL and the least concentration at the level of 0.60 mg/mL. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus was increased at 6 h and 24 h, and the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was the lowest (p<0.05) at 0.60 mg/mL at 6 h and 24 h. The relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and fungus reached the greatest value (p<0.05) at low doses of MCS inclusion and the least value (p<0.05) at 0.60 mg/mL at 24 h. The present results demonstrates that a high level of MCS quickly inhibits in vitro fermentation of maize stover, while MCS at low doses has the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the number of functional rumen microbes including cellulolytic bacteria and fungi populations, and may have potential as a feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.

Exceptionally stable green-synthesized gold nanoparticles for highly sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of trace metal ions and volatile aromatic compounds

  • Singh, Karanveer;Kukkar, Deepak;Singh, Ravinder;Kukkar, Preeti;Kim, Ki-Hyun
    • Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
    • /
    • 제68권
    • /
    • pp.33-41
    • /
    • 2018
  • The manuscript reports synthesis of exceptionally stable gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using Momordica charantia fruit extract. The synthesis approach was optimized by refining three experimental variables including source of the fruit extract (peel, seed, and seed coat), pH of the solution, and temperature of the reaction medium. As synthesized GNPs showed excellent stability against various thiolated compounds (e.g., thioglycolic acid, thiourea, ${\text\tiny{L}}-cystine$, 1-dodecanethiol, and cysteamine hydrochloride). Moreover, these nanoparticles showed distinctive colorimetric responses against $Cd^{2+}$ and thiophenol (TP) from their potential interferences. The limit of detection (LOD) values for $Cd^{2+}$ and TP were determined as 0.186 and $0.154{\mu}M$, respectively.

국내 자생식물 20종의 혈관이완 효능에 대한 실험연구 (Research on vasorelaxant effects of 20 Korean native plants)

  • 김범정
    • 대한본초학회지
    • /
    • 제38권5호
    • /
    • pp.39-47
    • /
    • 2023
  • Objectives : The objective of present study was to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of 20 Korean native plants on isolated rat thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (PE). Methods : Dried 20 plant materials were extracted 3 times with water, ethanol, or methanol for 3h in the reflux apparatus at 70 ± 5℃. Male SD rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and their aorta rings were isolated and placed in 10 ㎖ Krebs Henseleit (KH) buffer. While using an isolated organ-chamber technique, the aorta rings were maintained by bubbling with a gas mixture of 95% O2-5% CO2 at 37℃. Changes in isometric tension of aorta rings were recorded via isometric transducers connected to a Powerlab Data Acquisition System. Results : Among the 20 native plants, Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. rhizome, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruit, Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. root, Corydalis turtschaninovii Besser tuber, Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. tuber, and Dolichos lablab L. seed showed significant vasorelaxant effect on the contraction of aorta rings induced by PE. In contrast, Mertensia maritima subsp. asiatica Takeda whole plant, Ajuga decumbens Thunb. whole plant, Trigonotis peduncularis (Trevis.) Benth. ex Baker & S.Moore whole plant, Dioscorea quinquelobate Thunb. rhizome, Allium microdictyon Prokh aerial part, Momordica charantia L. fruit, Carthamus tinctorius L. flower, and Clematis terniflora DC. root constricted more the aorta rings precontracted by PE Conclusion : These results suggest that the possibility as useful herbal resources for the development of functional foods or medicines for hypertension treatment.

여주 가루 첨가 쿠키의 품질특성 (Characteristics of Cookies Quality Containing Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Powder)

  • 문소령;최상호
    • 한국조리학회지
    • /
    • 제20권6호
    • /
    • pp.80-90
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 여주 가루를 첨가하여 쿠키를 제조한 후 품질특성을 조사하였다. 반죽의 밀도는 대조군과 여주 가루 첨가군 사이에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 쿠키 반죽의 pH는 대조군이 가장 높았으며, 여주 가루 첨가를 첨가할수록 감소하였다(p<0.001). 쿠키의 수분함량은 대조군보다 여주가루 첨가군이 더 높았다(p<0.001). 쿠키의 pH는 여주가루 첨가량이 많을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.001). 쿠키의 퍼짐성은 대조군보다 여주가루 첨가군이 더 높았고(p<0.001), 손실율은 여주가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다(p<0.001). 색도 측정에서 명도 L값은 여주 가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다(p<0.001). 적색도 a값과 황색도 b값은 시료간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 쿠키의 경도는 대조군보다 여주가루 첨가군이 더 낮았다(p<0.001). DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 대조군이 20.69%였으며 여주 가루 첨가군은 38.37~69.48%로 대조군보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 관능검사의 외관, 향, 질감, 맛, 전반적인 기호도에서 대조군과 여주 가루 3% 첨가군은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 5% 이상 첨가군 부터는 대조군보다 낮은 기호도를 보였다(p<0.001).

The Effects of Korean Cucurbitaceous Plants on the Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Associated with Sonic Hedgehog Pathway

  • Lee, Hwa Jin
    • 한국자원식물학회지
    • /
    • 제26권6호
    • /
    • pp.673-677
    • /
    • 2013
  • In order to examine the effects of Korean cucurbitaceous plants on sonic hedgehog pathway and growth of cancer cells with over-activated hedgehog pathway, we measured the sonic hedgehog conditioned medium (shh-CM) induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and cell viability of pancreatic cancer cell lines by treatment of cucurbitaceous plants. Among the tested cucurbitaceous plants, Actinostemma lobatum Maxim, Cucumis sativus L., Momordica charantia L., Schizopepon bryoniaefolius Maxim and Trichosanthes kirilowii Max, var. japonica Kitam showed the potent inhibitory effects (> 50 % at $20{\mu}g/mL$) on shh-CM induced ALP activity. We also evaluated the cell viability of pancreatic cancer cells treated with the cucurbitaceous plants. The tested cucurbitaceous plants showed the very weak effects on cancer cell proliferation but, T. kirilowii Max, var. japonica Kitam presented the inhibitory effect of 72.7 % on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells at $20{\mu}g/mL$. Taken together, we screened the effects of Korean cucurbitaceous plants on shh-CM induced ALP activity and cell viability of pancreatic cancers to search for the modulators of the hedgehog pathway leading to the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. T. kirilowii Max, var. japonica Kitam, among the tested cucurbitaceous plants, showed the inhibitory effects on the shh-CM induced ALP activity and the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.

국내산 여주의 지역별, 수확시기별, 숙기별 Vitamin C 함량 (Vitamin C Quantification of Korean Momordica charantia by Cultivar, Harvest Time, and Maturity)

  • 정윤숙;이상훈;송진;황경아;노건민;황인국
    • 한국식품영양학회지
    • /
    • 제29권4호
    • /
    • pp.474-479
    • /
    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 vitamin C 분석법을 검증하고, 국내산 지역별 여주와 재배 시기별, 숙기별 여주의 vitamin C 함량을 분석하였다. Vitamin C 분석법을 검증하기 위해 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정밀성 및 정확성을 확인하였고, 그 결과 직선성의 상관계수 값은 0.9994, 검출한계는 $0.05{\mu}g/mL$, 정량한계는 $0.16{\mu}g/mL$, 정밀성의 상대표준편차는 intra-day test에서는 2.34 %, inter-day test에서는 1.34%이었고, 정확성인 회수율은 98.66~101.74%로 95% 이상의 높은 회수율을 보였다. 여주는 지역별로 vitamin C를 분석한 결과 20.75~107.31 mg/100 g, FW로 함량 차이가 높았으며, 평균 함량은 $68.85{\pm}25.57mg/100g$, FW로 나타났다. 평균 함량을 기준으로 구분하였을 때, 전라북도 지역에서 재배한 여주는 평균보다 낮은 함량을 보였고, 전라남도 지역에서 재배한 여주는 영암을 제외하고 모두 평균보다 높은 함량을 보였다. 수확시기별 여주의 vitamin C의 함량은 재배 초기 6월까지 vitamin C의 함량이 $113.20{\pm}1.89mg/100g$, FW로 증가하였다가 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 숙기별 vitamin C의 함량은 성장 초기에는 vitamin C의 함량이 0.53~0.68 mg/100 g, FW로 낮은 수준이었지만 숙기 15일차에서는 vitamin C의 함량이 $48.59{\pm}0.87mg/100g$, FW까지 증가하였다가 점차 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이처럼 여주의 vitamin C 함량은 지역별 생육환경에 따라, 재배 시기별, 숙기별에 따라 함량 차이가 나타났으며, 기능성 식품원료의 개발과 추후 연구의 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.