• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.571-585
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• 2023

The application of relatively low volumes of fibres in normal strength concrete has been shown to be of significant benefit when applied to composite slabs with profiled sheet decking. This paper reports on an experimental study aimed at quantifying further potential benefits that may arise from applying ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete. To assess performance six simply supported beams were tested under hogging and sagging loading configurations along with three two span continuous beams. Fibre contents are varied from 0% to 2% and changes in strength, deformation, crack width and moment redistribution are measured. At the serviceability limit state, it is shown that the addition of high fibre volumes can significantly enhance member stiffness and reduce crack widths in all beams. At the ultimate limit state it is observed that a transition from 0% to 1% fibres significantly increases strength but that there is a maximum fibre volume beyond which no further increases in strength are possible. Conversely, member ductility and moment redistribution are shown to be strongly proportional to fibre volume.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.873-887
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• 2015

The continuous composite I-girder should have a sufficient rotation capacity (or ductility) to redistribute the negative bending moment into an adjacent positive bending moment region. However, it is generally known that the ductility of the high strength steel is smaller than that of conventional steel, and application of high strength steel can cause ductility problems in a negative moment region of the I-girder. In this study, moment redistribution of the continuous composite I-girder with high strength steel was studied, where high strength steel with yield stress of 690 MPa was considered (the ultimate stress of the steel was 800 MPa). The available and required rotation capacity of the continuous composite I-girder with high strength steel was firstly derived based on the stress-strain curve of high strength steel and plastic analysis, respectively. A large scale test and a series of non-linear finite element analysis for the continuous composite I-girder with high strength steel were then conducted to examine the effectiveness of proposed models and to investigate the effect of high strength steel on the inelastic behavior of the negative bending moment region of the continuous composite I-girder with high strength steel. Finally, it can be found that the proposed equations provided good estimation of the requited and available rotation capacity of the continuous composite I-girder with high strength steel.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권6호
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• pp.737-749
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• 2020

A hybrid bridge deck is proposed, which includes steel bars, concrete and glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) plates with channel sections. The steel bar in the negative moment region can increase the flexural stiffness, improve the ductility, and reduce the GFRP ratio. Three continuous decks with different steel bar ratios and a simply supported deck were fabricated and tested to study the mechanical performance. The failure mode, deflection, strain distribution, cracks and support reaction were tested and discussed. The steel bar improves the mechanical performance of continuous decks, and a theoretical method is proposed to predict the deformation and the shear capacity. The experimental results show that all specimens failed with shear failure in the positive moment region. The increase of steel bar ratio in the negative moment region can achieve an enhancement in the flexural stiffness and reduce the deflection without increasing GFRP. Moreover, the continuous deck can achieve a yield load, and the negative moment can be carried by GFRP plates after the steel bar yields. Finally, a nonlinear analytical method for the deflection calculation was proposed and verified, with considering the moment redistribution, non-cracked sections and nonlinearity of material. In addition, a simplified calculation method was proposed to predict the shear capacity of GFRP-concrete decks.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.213-230
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• 2001

This paper presents a simplified approach for the design of semi-continuous composite beams in braced frames, where specific attention is given to the effect of joint rotational stiffness. A simple composite beam model is proposed incorporating the effects of semi-rigid end connections and the nonprismatic properties of a 'cracked' steel-concrete beam. This beam model is extended to a sub-frame in which the restraining effects from the adjoining members are considered. Parametric studies are performed on several sub-frame models and the results are used to show that it is possible to correlate the amount of moment redistribution of semi-continuous beam within the sub-frame using an equivalent stiffness of the connection. Deflection equations are derived for semi-continuous composite beams subjected to various loading and parametric studies on beam vibrations are conducted. The proposed method may be applied using a simple computer or spreadsheet program.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2007

• 전산구조공학
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.44-48
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• 2010

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

안전하고 경제적인 내진설계를 위해서는 설계 초기단계부터 모멘트재분배와 부재소성변형을 고려하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 할선강성해석을 사용하여 각 부재의 재분배된 모멘트와 소성변형을 직접적으로 고려할 수 있는 내진설계방법을 개발하였다. 모멘트재분배에 의하여 발생된 비대칭 부재강성을 나타내기 위하여, 비강접 단부접합부를 갖는 보-기둥요소(NREC요소)를 사용하여 구조물을 모델링하였다. NREC요소에 사용되는 할선강성은 건물 및 부재의 요구연성도에 기반하여 결정하였다. 할선강성 구조모델에 대한 선형해석을 수행하여 내진설계를 위한 부재력과 소성변형을 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 할선강성해석을 모멘트골조와 이중골조의 내진설계에 적용하였고, 설계결과를 정밀한 비선형해석 결과와 비교하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.391-402
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• 1994

철근 콘크리트구조는 극한하중에서 연성파괴가 일어나도록 하는 것이 가장 중요한 설계개념의 하나이며 단면이 충분한 소성변형능력을 가지고 있을 때에는 한계상태설계법 개념을 도입하여 소성구조해석이나 모멘트 재분배를 수행하여 경제적인 단면을 설계할 수 있다. 따라서 휨연성지수는 설계된 철근 콘크리트 구조물의 휨거동을 예측하는데 뿐만 아니라 모멘트 재분배의 가능성을 판단하는데에도 이용된다. 그러나 휨연성지수 공식은 인장철근이 항복하는 순간의 곡률에 대하여 선형의 콘크리트 압축응력으로 가정하기 때문에 근사값의 휨연성지수를 계산하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트와 철근의 응력-변형도 곡선을 이용한 수치해석으로 이론적 정해에 가까운 휨연성지수를 구하고 각 변수에 따른 휨연성지수의 변화와 공식의 오차, 복철근보의 최대철근량은 고찰함으로써 철근콘크리트 구조설계의 참고자료를 제공하고자 하며 모멘트 재분배에 관한 연구에 이용될 수 있는 철근 콘크리트 휨부재의 모멘트-곡률 곡선 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권5호
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• pp.679-691
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• 2023

Many codes allow designers to use the bending moment diagram computed by elastic analysis and modify it by a certain amount of moment redistribution (MR) to account for plastic behaviour of continuous beams. However, several researchers indicated that the MR at the ultimate limit state (𝛽_u) for some beams deviate significantly from the specified values of various codes. This paper examines the applicability of the provisions on 𝛽_u in ACI 318-19 and Eurocode 2 through numerical investigations and comprehensively explores the influencing factors. The results show that some parameters not considered in those codes influence 𝛽_u to a certain extent, where the ratio of tensile reinforcement ratio at intermediate support to tensile reinforcement ratio at midspan (𝜌_s1/𝜌_s2) and load type are crucial parameters to consider. The specific combination of these two parameters may make the codes overestimate or significantly underestimate the 𝛽_u. On the other hand, the yield state of both critical sections is found to have an important influence on the influence degree of each parameter on 𝛽_u. The yield conditions are investigated, and an empirical judgment equation is proposed. In addition, the influence laws of the critical parameters on 𝛽_u have been further proved by theoretical derivation. Finally, due to 𝜀_t is found to have a better linear correlation with 𝛽_u than x_u/d, equations as a function of 𝜀_t for predicting the 𝛽_u of continuous beams under the two loads are proposed, respectively.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2022

Purpose: This research aims to provide solutions for human resource problems in public educational institutions to improve employee performance. Research design, data, and methods: The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were obtained through questionnaires and documentation. Meanwhile, the model used path analysis using Analysis Moment Structure (AMOS) software. Results: Results showed that there was a significant relationship between locus of control and redistribution variables on employee empowerment as well as on employee performance. This result implied that good management through the locus of control and employee redistribution in public organizations could be better to serve the community and organizations. Public change to be superior and demanded by the community to make it a good place to learn. Employees' good behavior and increasing competence can satisfy users of educational and sustainable institutions. Conclusion: To sum up, research on management development of locus of control and employee redistribution is needed to make public organizations, especially those engaged in education. This study provides academic implications by revealing that the locus of control factor and employee redistribution in public organizations are needed to improve institutional services.