• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1493-1498
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• 2014

Epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation status, may regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis, thus affecting intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) of beef cattle. In Korean cattle steers, the LM consists mainly of muscle tissue. However, the LM tissue also contains IMF. We compared the gene expression levels between the IMF and muscle portions of the LM after tissue separation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA levels of both adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1 (PPARG1) and lipogenic fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were higher (p<0.01) in the IMF than in the muscle portion of the LM. We determined DNA methylation levels of regulatory regions of the PPARG1 and FABP4 genes by pyrosequencing of genomic DNA. DNA methylation levels of two of three CpG sites in the PPARG1 gene promoter region were lower (p<0.05) in the IMF than in the muscle portion of the LM. DNA methylation levels of all five CpG sites from the FABP4 gene promoter region were also lower (p<0.001) in the IMF than in the muscle portion. Thus, mRNA levels of both PPARG1 and FABP4 genes were inversely correlated with DNA methylation levels in regulatory regions of CpG sites of the corresponding gene. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation status regulates tissue-specific expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in the IMF and muscle portions of LM tissue in Korean cattle.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2012

L-arpartic acid의 산란혼탁매질에서 형광, 산란과 응집의 영향은 파장과 산란된 형광세기로 나타내는데, laser induced fluorescence(LIF) 분광학에 의한 분자특성으로 나타난다. 산란매질에서 광학적 효과는 광학적 파라미터들(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$, ${\mu}_t$)에 의해 표현되고 응집은 고-액상 분리공정에서 중요하게 활용되고 있다. 따라서 입자가 서로 접근될 때 콜로이드 입자들의 상호작용을 LIF와 응집효과로 분석하였다. 레이저 광원에서 검출기까지 농도의 함수에 의해 농도가 묽어짐에 따라 산란세기가 기하급수적으로 감소함을 알 수 있다. 이는 유지화학, 생의학 생성물, 레이저 의학, 의공학 분야적용에 LIF와 입자이동 현상은 아주 적합한 모델 연구에 큰 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

완전 생분해성 고분자 블렌드필름을 제조하기 위하여 치환도가 다른 두 셀룰로오스 아세테이트(CA)에 5 - 50%의 저분자량 폴리락타이드(PLA)를 블렌딩하였다. 이 때 사용된 각각의 고분자는 10% 메탄올/메틸렌클로라이드 혼합용제에 녹여서 점도가 같은 조건의 농도로 제조하였다. 각 조성의 블렌드필름의 표면 모폴로지와 열적 성질, 기계적 성질을 조사하였다. 화학적 구조는 적외선 분광법으로 확인하였으며, 전자현미경을 통한 표면 분석 결과 5% 이하의 폴리락타이드를 함유한 블렌드필름은 상분리가 거의 일어나지 않았으며 20% 이상이 함유된 경우 상분리가 매우 심각하였다. 또한 블렌드필름의 인장강도는 셀룰로오스 아세테이트의 함량이 늘어날수록 TAC/PLA의 경우 $820kg_f/cm^2$ 및 DAC/PLA의 경우 $600kg_f/cm^2$까지 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2014

혼탁매질에서 형광, 산란과 응집의 영향은 파장과 산란된 형광세기로 나타내는데, laser induced fluorescence(LIF) 분광학에 의한 분자특성으로 나타난다. 산란매질에서 광학적 효과는 광학적 파라미터들(${\mu}_s$, ${\mu}_a$, ${\mu}_t$)에 의해 표현되고 응집은 고-액상 분리공정과 Photodynamic therapy에서 중요하게 활용되고 있다. 따라서 입자가 서로 접근될 때 콜로이드 입자들의 상호작용을 LIF와 응집효과로 분석하였다. 우리는 레이저 광원에서 검출기까지 농도의 함수에 의해 in vitro 시료의 산란과 형광 스펙트라를 측정하였다. 산란계수 ${\mu}_s$는 산란체의 입자가 증가함에 크게 나타났다. 그리하여 Phorphyrin A는 Phorphyrin C보다 산란세기는 증가하였으나, 침투깊이 ${\delta}$는 감소하였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2012

High-fat diets (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diets (HCD)-induced obesity through different pathways, but the metabolic differences between these diets are not fully understood. Therefore, we applied proton nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR)-based metabolomics to compare the metabolic patterns between C57BL/6 mice fed HCD and those fed HFD. Principal component analysis derived from $^1H$ NMR spectra of urine showed a clear separation between the HCD and HFD groups. Based on the changes in urinary metabolites, the slow rate of weight gain in mice fed the HCD related to activation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (resulting in increased levels of citrate and succinate in HCD mice), while the HFD affected nicotinamide metabolism (increased levels of 1-methylnicotineamide, nicotinamide-N-oxide in HFD mice), which leads to systemic oxidative stress. In addition, perturbation of gut microflora metabolism was also related to different metabolic patterns of those two diets. These findings demonstrate that $^1H$ NMR-based metabolomics can identify diet-dependent perturbations in biological pathways.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

Fluoroquinolones are the most common group of antibacterial agents currently used in the Korean aquaculture industry, and use of these agents has been increasing steadily. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection was used for the simultaneous determination of five fluoroquinolones in fish and shellfish: ofloxacin (OFL), pefloxacin (PEF), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and enrofloxacin (ENRO). Fish and shellfish muscle was homogenized, and protein, lipid, and low molecular weight pigments were then excluded from the homogenate. The final eluates were analyzed by HPLC equipped with a Shiseido UG-120 type C18 reverse-phase column ($4.6{\times}250 mm$, $5{\mu}m$) and a fluorescence detector (excitation at 280 nm, emission at 450 nm). The mobile phase was 0.1 M phosphoric acid and acetonitrile solution (91:9, v/v) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was added to it at a rate of 5 mL per a liter of the mobile phase. Adequate chromatography separation was obtained using the above method. Average recoveries of fortified samples at levels from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/kg were $72.3{\pm}2.5-84.5{\pm}1.2%$ for OFL, $82.7{\pm}3.3- 109.3{\pm}7.5%$ for NOR, $85.3{\pm}6.6-116.0{\pm}7.9%$ for PEF, $76.0{\pm}4.3-109.3{\pm}12.4%$ for CIP, and $78.7{\pm}5.9-100.0{\pm}9.8%$ for ENRO. The limit of detection of OFL was $5{\mu}g/L$, the others were $1{\mu}g/L$. We concluded that the new analytical method was suitable for the determination of fluoroquinolones in fish and shellfish.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

약초 중에 존재하는 농약 활성 물질을 탐색하기 위하여 84종의 약초로부터 극성 및 비극성 분획을 얻고 주요 농업 해충에 대하여 살충성을 검토하였다. 일차 및 이차 검정 결과 참삽주 괴경 (창출)의 비극성 분획은 배추좀나방에 대하여 매우 높은 살충 효과를 보였다. 창출 비극성 분획내의 살충성 활성물질은 향류분배 분리, TLC, GC-MS, $^{1}H$- 및 $^{13}C-NMR$ 분석으로 $C_{15}H_{22}O$의 4,11-selinadien-3-one (${\alpha}$-cyperone)으로 확인되었다. 그러나 배추좀나방에 대하여 높은 살충활성을 보였던 다른 비극성 분획으로부터는 ${\alpha}$-cyperone을 검출할 수 없었다. 더욱이 ${\alpha}$-cyperone이 향부자로부터 최초로 분리 동정되었음에도 불구하고 우리나라에서 재배된 향부자에서는 ${\alpha}$-cyperone을 확인할 수 없었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

Dipsaci Radix (Dipsacaceae) has been used as a tonic, an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-complement agents in traditional herbal medicine for the therapy of low back pain, knee pain, rheumatic arthritis, traumatic hematoma, and bone fractures. A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric method (HPLC-ESI-MS) was developed for the simultaneous quantitation method of the five compounds from the herbal drug: asperosaponin VI and asperosaponin XII (terpene glycosides), sweroside, loganin and dipsacus A(iridoid glycosides). HPLC separation of the analytes was achieved on a C18 column ($150{\times}2.0$ mm i.d., 5 ${\mu}m$) using the aqueous methanol containing 5 mM ammonium acetate with gradient flow of the mobile phase. Detection of the analytes was performed by positive ion electrospray ionization, and selected ion monitoring was used for data acquisition using m/z corresponding molecular adduct ion, $[M+NH_4]^+$ and $[M+H]^+$. Calibration graphs showed good linearity ($r^2$=0.9997) over the wide range of the analytes; intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were within 9.1% and the accuracy between 94.0-111.0%. Recoveries of the analytes through the assay procedure were in the range of 93.7-110.8%. Analytical results of the herbal drugs of Dipsaci Radix (17 samples) show wide distribution of the five marker compounds and clear difference of the species from Phlomidis Radix (4 samples). The developed method would provide a practical guide for the quality control of the herbal drug.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2011

A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed to determine simultaneously eight marker constituents of Forsythiae fructus, and subsequently applied it to classify its two botanical origins. The marker compounds of Forsythia suspensa were phillyrin, pinoresinol, phillygenin, lariciresinol and forsythiaside; those of F.viridissima were arctiin, arctigenin and matairesinol. Separation of the eight analytes was achieved on a phenyl-hexyl column (150${\times}$2.0 mm i.d., 3 ${\mu}M$) using gradient elution with the mobile phase: (A) 10% acetonitrile in 0.5% acetic acid, (B) 40% aqueous acetonitrile. A few fragment ions specific to the types of lignans, among the product ions generated by collisonally induced dissociation (CID) of molecular ion clusters, such as [M-H]$^-$ or [M+OAc]$^-$ were used not only for fingerprinting analysis but for the quantification of each epimer by using multiple-reaction monitoring mode. It was shown good linearity ($r^2{\geq}$ 0.9998) over the wide range of all analytes; intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD, %) were within 9.14% and the accuracy ranged from 84.3 to 115.1%. The analytical results of 40 drug samples, combined with multivariate statistical analyses - principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) - clearly demonstrated the classification of the test samples according to their botanical origins. This method would provide a practical strategy for assessing the authenticity or quality of the herbal drug.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.73-73
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• 2011

We will report a few methods to improve the efficiency and stability in small molecule based organic solar cells, including the formation of bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) through alternative thermal deposition (ATD), the use of a micro-cavity structure and interface modifications. By ATD which is a simple modification of conventional thermal evaporation, the thicknesses of alternative donor and acceptor layers were precisely controlled down to 0.1 nm, which is critical to form BHJs. The formation of a BHJ in copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene (C60) systems was confirmed by AFM, GISAXS and absorption measurements. From analysis of the data, we found that the CuPc|C60 films fabricated by ATD were composed of the nanometer sized disk shaped CuPc nano grains and aggregated C60, which explains the phase separation of CuPc and C60. On the other hand, the co-deposited CuPc:C60 films did not show the existence of separated CuPc nano grains in the CuPc:C60 matrix. The OPV cells fabricated using the ATD method showed significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency compared to the co-deposited OPV cells under a same composition [1]. We will also present by numerical simulation that adoption of microcavity structure in the planar heterojunction can improve the short circuit current in single and tandem OSCs [2]. Interface modifications also allowed us to achieve high efficiency and high stability OSCs.