• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.545-551
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• 2020

이 연구는 함정 건조 중 국외도입된 물분사 추진기 임펠러 전체에 표면 점식이 확인되어 이에 대한 원인규명을 위하여 수행하였다. 물분사 추진기 임펠러의 재질은 듀플렉스 2205로 일반적인 스테인리스강인 316l 및 317L보다 부식 및 공식에 대한 저항성이 우수하며 높은 기계적 강도를 가지고 있어 각종 해양 구조물 및 해수 담수화 설비에 사용되는 재질이다. 물분사 추진기 임펠러에 표면 점식에 대한 원인분석을 위해 주사전자현미경 관찰 및 분자생태학적 분석 결과를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫 번째로 주사전자현미경을 통하여 표면 점식이 일어난 부위에서 "S" 성분을 발견할 수 있었고, 두 번째로 분자생태학적 연구결과 부식된 물분사 추진기 임펠러에서 채취한 샘플에 "dsrAB" 유전자가 검출되어, 임펠러 부식은 황산염 환원균에 의한 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. 향후 황산염 환원균에 의한 제품의 손상을 방지하기 위해선 함정 운항 전, 후에 황산염 환원균이 활동하기 어려운 환경인 65℃ 이상의 고온처리 실시, pH5이하 또는 pH9이상 유지, 선체와 추진기의 절연을 통한 과잉전자 생성 방지 등 예방적 관리가 필요하다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.231-245
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• 2008

Various methods for detecting changes in response behaviors of indicator specimens are presented for monitoring effects of toxic treatments. The movement patterns of individuals are quantitatively characterized by statistical (i.e., ANOVA, multivariate analysis) and computational (i.e., fractal dimension, Fourier transform) methods. Extraction of information in complex behavioral data is further illustrated by techniques in ecological informatics. Multi-Layer Perceptron and Self-Organizing Map are applied for detection and patterning of response behaviors of indicator specimens. The recent techniques of Wavelet analysis and line detection by Recurrent Self-Organizing Map are additionally discussed as an efficient tool for checking time-series movement data. Behavioral monitoring could be established as new methodology in integrative ecological assessment, tilling the gap between large-scale (e.g., community structure) and small-scale (e.g., molecular response) measurements.

• 생태와환경
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2021

Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, a keystone species with significant ecological and commercial importance, is declining globally throughout much of its range. While traditional fishing equipment methods remain limited, new sensitive and rapid detection methods should be developed to monitor fisheries resources. To monitor the presence and quantity of C. pallasii from environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from seawater samples, a pair of primers and a TaqMan^® probe specific to this fish based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (COB) sequences were designed for the real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. The combination of our molecular markers showed high specificity in the qPCR assay, which affirmed the success of presenting a positive signal only in the C. pallasii specimens. The markers also showed a high sensitivity for detecting C. pallasii genomic DNA in the range of 1 pg~100 ng rxn^-1 and its DNA plasmid containing COB amplicon in the range of 1~100,000copies rxn^-1, which produced linear standard calibration curves (r²=0.99). We performed a qPCR assay for environmental water samples obtained from 29 sampling stations in the southeastern coastal regions of South Korea using molecular markers. The assay successfully detected the C. pallasii eDNA from 14 stations (48.2%), with the highest mean concentration in Jinhae Bay with a value of 76.09±18.39 pg L^-1 (246.20±58.58 copies L^-1). Our preliminary application of molecular monitoring of C. pallasii will provide essential information for efficient ecological control and management of this valuable fisheries resource.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2011

A representative isolate KU53 of the predominant Penicillium species was obtained from rice samples from rice processing complexes of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation in Korea. In this study, isolate KU53 was identified by its morphological and molecular characteristics. The macro- and microscopic characteristics of isolate KU53 were compared with the P. fellutanum reference isolate KCTC16913 on different media; isolate KU53 was generally identical to those of the reference isolate KCTC16913. In a molecular-based identification, the ${\beta}$-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences of isolate KU53 was most closely related to those of P. fellutanum. Thus, isolate KU53 from stored rice could be identified as P. fellutanum, some isolates of which are known to produce mycotoxin-related metabolites. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of P. fellutanum from stored rice in Korea.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1708-1714
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• 2013

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) polymers used as an active ingredient in an antibacterial humidifier disinfectant were reported to cause harm to the human health when inhaled, although physical contact with this material was known to present low toxicity to humans. It is therefore necessary to develop an optimal analysis method which enables detection and analysis of PHMG polymers. MALDI-TOF investigations of PHMG are performed with a variety of matrices, and it is found that CHCA and 2,5-DHB are excellent matrices which well reflects the polymer population even at high mass. For the provided PHMG sample, the number-average ($M_n$) and weight-average ($M_w$) molecular masses were determined to be 744.8 and 810.7, respectively, when the CHCA was used as a matrix. The rank of the matrices in terms of averaged molecular weight was CHCA ~2,5-DHB > 5-NSA > DHAP, THAP > ATT > IAA ~ super-DHB ~ HABA. In addition, PSD of the PHMG oligomer ions exhibited a few unique fragmenation characteristics. The formation of a- and c-type fragments was the major fragmentation pathway, and the 25-Da loss peaks generally accompanied a- and c-type fragments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2007

Conventional culture-based methods of enumerating rumen microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi) are being rapidly replaced by nucleic acid-based techniques which can be used to characterise complex microbial communities without incubation. The foundation of these techniques is 16S/18S rDNA sequence analysis which has provided a phylogenetically based classification scheme for enumeration and identification of microbial community members. While these analyses are very informative for determining the composition of the microbial community and monitoring changes in population size, they can only infer function based on these observations. The next step in functional analysis of the ecosystem is to measure how specific and, or, predominant members of the ecosystem are operating and interacting with other groups. It is also apparent that techniques which optimise the analysis of complex microbial communities rather than the detection of single organisms will need to address the issues of high throughput analysis using many primers/probes in a single sample. Nearly all the molecular ecological techniques are dependant upon the efficient extraction of high quality DNA/RNA representing the diversity of ruminal microbial communities. Recent reviews and technical manuals written on the subject of molecular microbial ecology of animals provide a broad perspective of the variety of techniques available and their potential application in the field of animal science which is beyond the scope of this treatise. This paper will focus on nucleic acid based molecular methods which have recently been developed for studying major functional groups (cellulolytic bacteria, protozoa, fungi and methanogens) of microorganisms that are important in nutritional studies, as well as, novel methods for studying microbial diversity and function from a genomics perspective.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2006

In this study we attempted to develop a novel genomic method to selectively isolate target functional microbial genomes from environmental samples. For this purpose, stable isotope probing (SIP) was applied in selectively isolating organic pollutant-assimilating populations. When soil microbes were fed with $^{13}C-labeled $ biphenyl, biphenyl-utilizing cells were incorporated with the heavy carbon isotope. The heavy DNA portion was successfully separated by CsCl equilibrium density gradient. And the diversity in the heavy DNA was sufficiently reduced, being suitable for the current DNA microarray techniques to detect biphenyl-utilizing populations in the soil. In addition, we proposed a new way to get more genetic information by combining this SIP method with selective metagenomic approach. The increased selective power of these new DNA isolation methods will be expected to provide a good quality of new genetic information, which, in turn, will result in development of a variety of biomarkers that may be used in assessing ecotoxicology issues including the impacts of organic hazards, and antibiotic-resistant pathogens on human and ecological systems.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2018

Plants and microorganisms (microbes) use information from chemicals such as volatile compounds to understand their environments. Proficiency in sensing and responding to these infochemicals increases an organism's ecological competence and ability to survive in competitive environments, particularly with regard to plant-pathogen interactions. Plants and microbes acquired the ability to sense and respond to biogenic volatiles during their evolutionary history. However, these signals can only be interpreted by humans through the use of state-of the-art technologies. Newly-developed tools allow microbe-induced plant volatiles to be detected in a rapid, precise, and non-invasive manner to diagnose plant diseases. Beside disease diagnosis, volatile compounds may also be valuable in improving crop productivity in sustainable agriculture. Bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) have potential for use as a novel plant growth stimulant or as improver of fertilizer efficiency. BVCs can also elicit plant innate immunity against insect pests and microbial pathogens. Research is needed to expand our knowledge of BVCs and to produce BVC-based formulations that can be used practically in the field. Formulation possibilities include encapsulation and sol-gel matrices, which can be used in attract and kill formulations, chemigation, and seed priming. Exploitation of biogenic volatiles will facilitate the development of smart integrated plant management systems for disease control and productivity improvement.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2018

Geosmin is volatile metabolites produced by a range of filamentous cyanobacteria which causes taste and odor problems in drinking water. Molecular ecological methods which target biosynthetic genes (geoA) are widely adopted to detect geosmin-producing cyanobacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential production capability of 8 strains isolated from the Nakdong River. Ultimately, a suggestion for a genetical monitoring tool for the identification of geosmin producers in domestic waters was to be made. Geosmin was detected using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) in two strains of Dolichospermum plactonicum (DGUC006, DGUC012) that were cultured for 28 day. The highest concentrations during the experiment period was $17,535ngL^{-1}$ and $14,311ngL^{-1}$ respectively. Additionally, geoA genes were amplified using two primers (geo78F/971R and geo78F/982R) from strains shown to produce geosmin, while amplification products were not detected in any of non-producing strains. PCR product (766 bp) was slightly shorter than the expected size for geosmin producers. According to the BLAST analysis, amplified genes were at nucleotide level with Anabaena ucrainica (HQ404996, HQ404997), Dolichospermum planctonicum (KM13400) and Dolichospermum ucrainicum (MF996872) between 99 ~ 100 %. Both strains were thus confirmed as potential geosmin-producing species. We concluded that the molecular method of analysis was a useful tool for monitoring potential cyanobacterial producers of geosmin.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2011

고찰을 통해 난배양성 토양세균의 특징과 배양에 성공한 사례 및 성공하기 위해 알아야 될 지식들이 무엇인지에 대해 기술하였다. 먼저 배지는 목적한 세균이 토양에서 느리게 성장하다가 실험실의 빠른 성장조건으로 전환하도록 알맞게 선택되어야 하는데 일반적으로 기질, 질소 및 인 등의 농도를 낮게 조절해야 한다. 새로운 배지를 만들기 위해서는 분자생태학적 연구도 병행되어야 한다. 세균 세포 간 음성적 상호작용을 줄이기 위해 평판배양 시 접종량도 평판 당 세포수가 50개 이하로 조절해야 한다. pH나 염농도 같은 성장조건은 실제 환경조건과 맞춰야 하며 배양온도는 낮거나 다양하게 그리고 배양기간은 길게 잡아야 한다. 새로운 배지에서 분리될 수많은 토양 미생물 콜로니들 중에서 단지 몇 개만이 난배양성이므로 이들이 기존에 배양이 되지 않았던 미생물인지를 신속 정확히 검출하는 방법이 필요하다. 또한 많은 토양세균들이 군집 내에서 서로 협력하며 살아가기 때문에 공동배양이나 상등액을 이용해서 토양 미생물을 농화증식하고 이를 순수 분리하면 배양에 성공할 수 있을 것이다.