• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.122-131
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• 2019

This study analyzed the moderating effect according to school levels in the structural relationship between stressful interpersonal relationships at work and rumination in teachers' depression. For this study, a research model was formed based on theoretical understandings and a literature review. The researchers surveyed 811 teachers at primary and secondary schools to measure scales of depression, rumination, and stress in interpersonal relationships at work. Primary education and secondary education were the grouping variables for the school levels, and the collected data was analyzed using multi-group structural equation modeling. Also, to affirm equivalence between the two models, the data was investigated using the constrained model of measurement equivalence. The research results verified the equivalence between the two models and the moderating effect by comparing the path coefficients of the two models on the assumption of equivalence constraint. As a result, the moderating effect according to school levels was revealed on the path from stressful interpersonal relationships at work to depression. Grounded on this analysis, stress in interpersonal relationships at work mediates the impact of rumination in teachers' depression. In addition, the research revealed that the moderating effects on stressful interpersonal relationships at work varied according to school level, and the moderating effect of stress in interpersonal relationships at work affected middle school teachers but not primary school teachers.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of food involvement and food neophobia moderating the relationships between vegetable consumption and health concern. The questionnaires with the items to measure constructs of health concern, food involvement, food neophobia and vegetable consumption were completed by 290 subjects in Jeonnam area. Moderated regression analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. To test validity and reliability of constructs, factor analysis and Cronbach's $\alpha$ were used in this study. Results of the study demonstrated that the result of the analysis of the data also indicated excellent model fit. The main effects and interaction effects of health concern, food involvement and food neophobia on vegetable consumption were statistically significant. Moreover, the effect of health concern on vegetable consumption was statistically significant at all levels of food involvement and food neophobia, except when food involvement and food neophobia were high. The present findings may be particularly relevant to interventions to promote healthy eating among adults.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.405-419
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of self-directed learning ability on the relationship between mentoring function and career commitment in registered nurses. Methods: A total of 396 registered nurses from 19 hospitals located in Incheon were included in this study. Collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, Pearson product moment correlation and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS and AMOS 18.0 program. Results: The mentoring function and self-directed learning ability showed to have a positive effect on career commitment. Self-directed learning ability showed to have a moderating effect on the relationship between mentoring function and career commitment. Conclusion: To enhance the level of career commitment perceived by registered nurses, hospital organizations need to implement effective mentoring programs and develop self-directed learning ability in nurses.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.727-734
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• 2021

The study aims to examine and analyze the factors that affect the return on assets (ROA) by placing net interest margin (NIM) as a moderating variable in influencing ROA. This research was conducted on 27 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2015 to 2018 with a total sample data of 91. The data used is a combination of time series data and cross-section data. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used was path analysis with multiple regression analysis technique. The results of the analysis showed that the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and loan to deposit ratio (LDR) have a positive but insignificant effect on ROA. NIM as a moderating variable does not influence the impact of CAR on ROA. However, NIM as a moderating variable is able to influence the impact of LDR on ROA. From the results of this study, it is evident that the LDR will increase the ROA at banks that generate high NIM.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.193-210
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of entrepreneurial motivation upon entrepreneurial intentions of college students majoring in foodservice through the pull and push factors of the motivation theory, analyzing the moderating effects by gender. Based on total 317 college students, this study was conducted with exploring factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and hierarchical moderated regression. The results showed that, among the pull factors, need for achievement (p<0.001) and self-actualization (p<0.01) had a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial intentions. It appears that entrepreneurial intentions of college students majoring in foodservice were developed by positive entrepreneurial motivation. The moderating effects by gender were not significant. Through the study results with theoretical suggestions, this study proposed a policy to encourage entrepreneurial activation and desires in college students. Limitations and further research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.153-176
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between marriage migration females' acculturative stress and marital adjustment, especially the mediating and moderating effects of ego-resilience. The structural equation models were tested by setting marriage migration females' acculturative stress as a prediction variable, their marital adjustment as an outcome variable and their ego-resilience as mediator and moderator variables. The sample consisted of 172 marriage migration females from Busan. I analyzed the data using correlation analysis in order to discover the correlation coefficient of those variables among acculturative stress, ego-resilience and marital adjustment. I used the structural equation model (SEM) for investigating the relationship among acculturative stress, ego-resilience and marital adjustment and for investigating the mediating effects of ego-resilience. I also used multiple group analysis and two way ANOVA to investigate the moderating effects of ego-resilience. The results of structural equation modeling were as follows: first, it was proved that ego-resilience was exerted as a mediating variable, because acculturative stress appeared to affect marital adjustment in relation to ego-resilience. Therefore, marital adjustment was evident when ego-resilience was low. Second, it was proved that ego-resilience was exerted as a moderating variable, because those with low ego-resilience experienced high acculturative stress and low marital adjustment, and those with high ego-resilience experienced low acculturative stress and high marital adjustment. Such findings point out the importance of considering personal characteristics, like ego-resilience, in the relationship between acculturative stress and marital adjustment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.109-115
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• 2019

Based on the prior study, this study established the hypothesis that academic stress would lead to employment anxiety, and verified whether self-efficacy and self-esteem have a moderating effect in the relationship between academic stress and employment anxiety and the analysis results are as follows: Employment anxiety increases as the academic stress increases, and self-esteem plays a role of moderating in the relationship between academic stress and employment anxiety, but self-efficacy has not. The results of the analysis confirmed that although self-efficacy does not play a role of moderating, employment anxiety decreases as self-efficacy increases. Self-esteem generally reduces employment anxiety, but it has shown that employment anxiety increases in academic stress situations.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examines the opportunism moderating effect by the startup experience in the relationship between franchisor and franchisees. In the case of a franchise system that has a continuous relational exchange transaction, relationship management is a very important activity because the relationship management between franchisor and franchisees improves the quality of the relationship. Nevertheless, there is insufficient of research on opportunism, which is a negative factor in managing the relationship between franchisor and franchisees in continuous relationship. Research design, data and methodology: This study, we explore the cause of opportunism based on transaction cost theory through prior research and establish a research model based by goal incongruity, uncertainty, information asymmetry, transaction specific assets, the relevance to determinant of opportunism and the startup experienced which is a moderating variable. To verify several hypotheses, the data were collected from 300 out of 1,760 domestic franchisees and analyzed using multiple regression analysis with SPSS program. Results: The findings are as follows. Goal incongruity did not affect opportunism. Opportunism increased as uncertainty increased, and as information asymmetry increased, opportunism increased. An opportunism decreased as transaction specific assets increased. Moreover, the findings show that startup experience only plays a moderating role in the relationship between information asymmetry and opportunism. Therefore, 4 out of 8 hypotheses were supported. Conclusions: The findings show that uncertainty, information asymmetry, and transaction specific assets are the determinants of opportunism. In addition, the results of the analysis of the moderating role of startup experience show that the less entrepreneurial experience, the greater the influence of information asymmetry on opportunism. Our findings mean that maintaining a successful relationship between franchisors and franchisees is possible when franchisors provide knowledge sharing, goal sharing, environmental sharing, and management information sharing to franchisees. In addition, the findings of this study shows that the contract content and management should be changed according to the entrepreneurial experience. In other words, the franchisors must share and integrate the accumulated franchisees' and franchisors' experience with the franchisees to create a synergy that can lead to successful bilateral relationship maintenance, which in turn reduces opportunism.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2023

This study is to verify the moderating effect of residential selection on the relationship between marriage and childbirth. According to the analysis results, interactions of first marriage with the financial capacity of local governments for public services, residential stability, the scale of the region, and local economic situation have a moderating effect on childbirth. Interactions of remarriage and marriage with foreigners with the financial capacity of local governments for public services, residential stability, and the scale of the region have a moderating effect on childbirth. These results indicate that when married couples choose to reside in small and medium-sized cities or large cities rather than rural areas, it can more positively affect their intention to have children. While there may be a logical argument against advocating for regional integration based on the moderating effect of residential selection on the relationship between marriage and childbirth, the analysis results of this study and the phenomenon of married couples avoiding rural areas can contribute to raising the need for regional integration.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-88
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• 2023

Purpose - This study examined the effect of empowering leadership on adaptive performance and verified the mediating effect of job challenge in the relationship between empowering leadership and adaptive performance. Additionally, this study investigated the moderating effect of agentic and communal traits in the relationship between supervisor's empowering leadership and adaptive performance of subordinates. Design/methodology/approach - This study used data collected from 279 participants via an online platform. Multiple regression analysis, bootstrapping, hierarchical regression analysis, and simple slope test were used to analyze the data. Findings - First, supervisor's empowering leadership had a positive effect on adaptive performance. Second, job challenge was found to mediate the relationship between supervisor's empowering leadership and adaptive performance. Third, the agentic trait showed a moderating effect on strengthening the relationship between supervisor's empowering leadership and adaptive performance. However, communal trait did not show a moderating effect. Research implications or Originality - This study examined the moderating effect of agentic traits in the relationship between empowering leadership and adaptive performance, which has not been investigated before.