• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.603-610
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• 2018

본 산업의 발달 및 화석연료 사용 증가로 인하여 지구온난화 및 기후변화가 가속화되어 기존보다 강도 높은 자연재해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 전기시설물은 옥외에 시설된 경우가 많아 자연재해에 큰 영향을 받아 전기설비 관련 사고가 증가하는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 국내의 기후변화에 따른 전기화재, 감전사고 및 전기설비사고의 통계 현황을 분석하여 기후변화와 연계한 위험도를 제시한다. 또한, 다양한 지역 별(광역시) 기후조건(온도, 습도)과 연계한 전기재해 데이터 분석을 통하여 각 지역의 월별 전기화재 위험도 분석 모델을 제시하고, 저압, 고압 설비의 자연재해에 대한 사고 위험도를 분석한다. 이러한 지역별, 설비별 위험도 분석 모델을 통하여 기초적인 전기재해 예측 모델을 제시하였다. 따라서 제시한 분석 데이터를 활용하여 향후 각 지역 및 전기설비를 대상으로 전기재해 위험도 예측 맵을 웹사이트나 스마트폰 앱을 통하여 전기안전 서비스를 제안할 수 있으며, 기후변화의 따른 자연재해에 대한 전기사고를 미연에 방지하기 위한 내성기준이나 전기설비의 내구성을 증가시키기 위한 노력이 필요하다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.35-48
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• 1985

The present work develops a method of evaluating thrust deduction and wake for different loads of the propeller using the concerted application of the theoretical tools and experimental techniques. It also shows the applicability of the new method to the design of optimum hull form. Firstly, the problem of hull-propeller interaction was analyzed in terms of inviscid as well as viscous components of the thrust deduction and wake. The wavemaking resistance of a hull and propeller were mathematically represented by sources on the hull surface and sink on the propeller plane, respectively. The strength of sink was determined by utilizing the radial distributions of propeller load and nominal wake. The resistance increment due to a propeller and the axial perturbation flow induced by the hull in the propeller plane were calculated. Especially, the inviscid component of the thrust deduction was calculated by subtraction the wavemaking resistance of a bare hull, the wavemaking resistance of a free-running propeller and the augmentation of propeller resistance due to hull action from the wavemaking resistance of the hull with a propeller. The viscous components of the thrust deduction and wake were estimated as functions of propeller load which were established by the propeller load varying test after deduction the calculated inviscid components. Secondly, an analysis method of powering performance was developed based on the potential theory and the propeller load varying test. The hybrid method estimates the thrust deduction, wake and propeller open-water efficiency for different propeller load. This method can be utilized in the analysis of powering performance for the propeller load variation such as the added resistance due to hull surface roughness, the added resistance due to wind, etc. Finally, the hybrid method was applied to the optimum design of hull form. A series of afterbody shapes was obtained by systematically varying the waterplane and section shapes of a parent afterbody without changing the principal dimensions, block coefficient and prismatic coefficient. From the comparison of the predicted results such as wavemaking resistance, thrust deduction, wake and delivered power, an optimum hull form was obtained. The delivered power of the optimized hull form was reduced by 5.7% which was confirmed by model tests. Also the predicted delivered power by the hybrid method shows fairly good agreement with the test result. It is therefore considered that the new analysis method of powering performance can be utilized as a practical tool for the design of optimum hull form as for the analysis of powering performance for the propeller load variation in the preliminary design stage.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to be of use for the preparation of more desirable sex education system at elementary school, by making content analysis of the current textbooks related to sex education and surveying what opinions the persons concerned had about it. The purpose of this study were as follows; Elementary school textbooks were analyzed to find out what kind of sex education was included in them. And questionnaires on how to improve school sex education content were prepared, by which 207 male and female teachers were surveyed in the city of Paju and Koyang, Kyonggi province. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Content Analysis of Textbook Sex Education The content related to sex education was relatively much included in textbooks of the right life, morality and physical education. Although morality was a subject to be instructed for the third-grade students or older, elementary school students virtually received sex education from the first grade, as the right life and the joyful life were a subject for the lower-grade students, and this met the goal of sex education or the need of the times. However, sex education content leaned heavily toward family, family life or parental love. There was no mutual complement among subjects, and no link among grades, either. 2. Teacher Opinion on Sex Education Content for Each Grade When the subjects were asked about if sex education content was appropriate for each grade, they answered 20 items should be more emphasized and 6 items might be left out. And there were 6 items regarded by them as one that should be rearranged in consideration of grade. 3. The Ideal Opinion of Sex Education Content The following model could be recommended for elementary school sex education, which was designed to meet the objectives of school sex education as much as possible and to offer a systematic link among grades, based on the findings by textbook analysis and Questionnaire survey, and on elementary school sex education materials recommended by the Ministry of Education: The content selected for the first grade of elementary school was my body, cleanness of genitals, male-female cooperation, and family cooperation. For the second grade, the selected content was male-female physical difference, male female psychological difference, parental and I(origin of a birth). For the third grade, the selected things were important a body(cleanness of genitals), birth of a life, and male-female comprehension and cooperation. For the fourth grade, the selected things were physical development, management of genitals, physiology and management of menstruation, propagation and growth of organism, concern for the other sex, comprehension of and cooperation with the other sex, and prevention of sexual violence. Four the fifth grade, the selected things were secondary sex characteristic, physiology and management of menstruation, operation for phimosis, understanding of seminal emission, structure and function of the genital organs, birth and growth of a baby, television/sex information, and mass communications/sex information. For the sixth grade, the selected things were secondary sex characteristic, understanding of seminal emission, male-female cooperation, male and female role, male-female manners, mass communications/sex information, family and family life. Finally, what should be taught in sex education must be studied constantly, as it should be revised or supplemented periodically, according to student's sexual maturity or social, cultural changes.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2008

Objectives: To identify the relationship between the internet addition of elementary school students, and their health behavior and VDT syndrome, and thereby to detect the impact of internet addiction on the health behavior of elementary school students, to get the basic information necessary to develop a prevention program for internet addiction and to plan for VDT syndrome prevention program. Methods: We conducted this study during the period from jun 27, 2007 through July 8, 2007. The subjects of this study were 416 children whose grades were in 4th through 6th grades of elementary schools located in the city A in Kyung Pook Providence. Data were obtained from self-rating questionnaires. The questionnaires were composed of Korean Internet Addiction Self-examination on Internet Use Patterns (K-scale), Health Behavior Profile, VDT Syndrome, and general characteristics. We used t-test, AVOVA with Ducan method for Post-hoc comparison in means comparison between groups, $X^2$-test for frequency analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. We used SPSS/PC(12.0 ver) program and the LISREL 8.53 Win program for covariance structural analysis. Results: Major results were as follows. 1. The internet addiction propensity distribution based on the distribution of scores were investigated according to the self diagnosis scale on internet addiction. 6.5% of them were high risk user group, 14.4% were potential risk users and 79.1% of them were common user groups. 2. Internet addictions by sex, internet use duration, frequency (days/week), time(hours/day), purpose, position, brightness of internet, attitude of parents and frequency of conversation of family members were statistically significant(p<0.01). 3. There was a statistically significant difference in VDT syndrome according to internet addiction groups(p<0.001) besides ocular symptoms, dry mouth and GI troubles. 4. The health behavior score was the lowest in high risk user group(p<0.001). There were significant differences between internet addiction groups in personal hygiene and habits of daily living(p<.002), the prevention of accidents(p<.002), the practice concerned with the prevention of infectious disease(p=.002), and mental health(p<.001). 5. There was also a significant negative correlation between internal addiction and health profile(r=-0.365, p<0.01) and a significant positive correlation between internal addiction and VDT syndrome(r=0.331, p<0.01). 6. As the result of structural model analysis, internet use time(/day), days of internet use(/1week), conversation frequency among family members, degree of brightness of internet use had significant direct effects on internet addiction. Conclusions: The results will help the development of an effective intervention program for the prevention and treatment of internal addiction by clarifying the effect of the internal addiction upon elementary school students' VDT syndrome and health behavior.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2001

가축사육으로 인해 매년 막대한 가축분이 발생하고 있으며, 그 처리방안 또한 여러 가지로 모색되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나, 밭농사를 영위함으로 인해 질소비료를 대체할 수 있는 가축분(돈분, 계분)의 양을 소화능으로 계산해 보았으며, 그 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라의 가축분 발생량은 2000년도 기준으로 볼 때 년간 돈분 4,592,375톤, 계분 4,488,166톤이며, 이것을 질소 비료성분으로 환산할 경우, 돈분은 41,911톤, 계분 76,222톤의 질소비료성분에 해당하는 양이다. 2. 가축분 소화능이란 "토양에 가축분을 시용했을 때 토양자체가 역기능을 발휘하기 바로 직전까지의 최대소화량"이라고 정의 하였으며, 밭토양의 가축분 소화능계산 방법은 아래 식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 밭토양의 질소비료 대체 가축분 소화능(kg/10a) = 작물별 질소 표준시비량 / [(가축분중 T-N함량)${\times}$(가축분의 질소비효가용화율)] 3. 밭토양의 년간 질소비료 대체가능 가축분 소화능은 돈분 1,142.gkg/10a, 계분540.9 kg/10a으로 평가되었다. 4. 밭농사의 가축분 소화능의 작목별 기여도는 채소 > 과수 > 잡곡 > 맥류 > 서류 )> 두류 > 특작 > 초지 > 뽕밭 순이었다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.115-168
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• 1995

한국경제의 장기적 발전은 총투자의 지속적 증가와 이를 가능케 해줄 국민저축의 착실한 증가에 크게 의존한다고 보겠다. 이러한 국민저축 중에서도 가계저축은 우리나라의 투자재원 조달에 가장 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 본고는 가계저축의 결정요인을 찾아내기 위하여 우리나라 가계소비율의 결정요인을 살펴본 다음에 이를 이용하여 간접적으로 가계저축의 결정요인을 원용하였다. 이와 같이 가계소비율의 추정을 통하여 가계저축율을 추정하고자 한 이유는 일반적으로 소비함수는 안정적인 성향을 가진 반면 저축함수는 불안정적인 성향이 강하기 때문이다. 가계소비율 추정을 위해서는 우리나라의 도시가계조사 및 농가경제 조사자료를 기초자료로 이용하였는 바, 가계소비율에 대한 회귀분석의 결과를 요약하면, 첫째로 가계소득의 증가와 취업가구원수의 증가는 가계소비율을 낮추는 방향으로 작용하고 있는 반면, 둘째로 가구주의 연령, 교육수준, 가구원수의 증가는 가계소비율을 저하시키는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2000년대의 우리나라는 소득의 괄목할 만한 증가, 여성의 노동시장 참가율 제고로 인한 취업가구원수의 증가 및 핵가족화의 영향으로 인한 평균 가구원수의 감소로 가계소비율의 저하가 예상되는 반면에, 인구의 노령화에 기인한 가구주의 평균연령의 상승, 교육수준의 향상에 따른 가계소비율의 상승이 예상되지만, 총체적으로는 가계소비율의 감소를 통한 가계 저축율의 착실한 증가가 있을 것으로 예측되므로 한국경제의 장기적 발전을 위한 투자재원의 조달에는 큰 어려움이 없을 것으로 전망된다.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2006

최근 대다수의 조직들은 조직의 최적화를 위해 EA 방법론과 소프트웨어 재사용성 향상을 위해 CBD 방법론을 도입하고 있다. 한국정부도 EA 프레임워크, 참조모델 및 지침 등과 같은 다양한 EA 산출물을 개발하고 있을 뿐 만 아니라, 범정부 최적화를 위한 법을 제정하였다. 이에 따라 국방부도 국방 EA 개발 방법론인 MND-AF와 국방 CBD 방법론인 ADDMe를 개발하여 적용하고 있으나, MND-AF와 ADDMe 방법론의 프로세스간 정렬성이 부족하여 산출물의 중복개발이 예상된다. 본 연구의 목적은 MND-AF와 ADDMe의 프로세스 및 산출물간의 관계성을 식별하여 MND-AF 산출물을 ADDMe가 재사용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 두 프로세스간 관계성 식별을 위해 우선 두 프로세스의 ‘정의’ 부분 관계성을 식별한 후, ‘상세설명’ 부분의 관련성을 기반으로 ‘속성’ 부분의 관계성을 식별하였다. 분석결과 MND-AE의 113개의 속성이 ADDMe의 49개의 속성과의 관계성을 제시함으로써 개발비용 및 시간이 감소되고 EA와 CBD 프로세간의 정렬에 대한 좋은 사례로 활용 될 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8573-8578
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• 2016

Background: This study was guided by principles of the theoretical system of evidence-based medicine. In particular, when searching for evidence of breast cancer, a measuring scale is an instrument for evaluating curative effects in accordance with the laws and characteristics of medicine and exploring the establishment of a system for medically assessing curative effects. At present, there exist few tools for evaluating curative effects. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) refer to outcomes directly reported by patients (without input or explanations from doctors or other intermediaries) with respect to all aspects of their health. Data obtained from PROs provide evidence of treatment effects. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the tenets of theoretical medicine and ancient medical theory regarding breast cancer, principles for developing a PRO scale were established, and a theoretical model was developed and a literature review was performed, items from this pool were combined and split, and an initial scale was constructed. After a pilot survey and additional modifications, a pre-questionnaire scale was formed and used in a field investigation. After the application of statistical methods, the item pool was used to create a formal scale. The reliability, validity and feasibility of this formal scale were then assessed. Results: In a clinical investigation, 479 responses were recovered, with an acceptance rate of 95%. a combination of various methods was employed, and the items that were selected by all methods or more than half of the methods were employed in the questionnaire. In these cases, the screening methods were combined with certain features of the item, A total of four domains and 38 items were reserved. The reliability analysis indicated that the PRO scale was relatively reliable. Conclusions: Scientific assessment proved that the proposed scale exhibited good reliability and validity. This scale was readily accepted and could be used to assess the curative effects of medical therapy. However, given the limited scope of this investigation, the capacity for adapting this scale to incorporate other theories could not be determined.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2017

Objectives: In response to increased interest in the safety of children's products, a risk management system is being prepared through exposure assessment of hazardous chemicals. To estimate exposure levels, risk assessors are using deterministic and probabilistic approaches to statistical methodology and a commercialized Monte Carlo simulation based on tools (MCTool) to efficiently support calculation of the probability density functions. This study was conducted to analyze and discuss the usage patterns and problems associated with the results of these two approaches and MCTools used in the case of probabilistic approaches by reviewing research reports related to exposure assessment for children's products. Methods: We collected six research reports on exposure and risk assessment of children's products and summarized the deterministic results and corresponding underlying distributions for exposure dose and concentration results estimated through deterministic and probabilistic approaches. We focused on mechanisms and differences in the MCTools used for decision making with probabilistic distributions to validate the simulation adequacy in detail. Results: The estimation results of exposure dose and concentration from the deterministic approaches were 0.19-3.98 times higher than the results from the probabilistic approach. For the probabilistic approach, the use of lognormal, Student's T, and Weibull distributions had the highest frequency as underlying distributions of the input parameters. However, we could not examine the reasons for the selection of each distribution because of the absence of test-statistics. In addition, there were some cases estimating the discrete probability distribution model as the underlying distribution for continuous variables, such as weight. To find the cause of abnormal simulations, we applied two MCTools used for all reports and described the improper usage routes of MCTools. Conclusions: For transparent and realistic exposure assessment, it is necessary to 1) establish standardized guidelines for the proper use of the two statistical approaches, including notes by MCTool and 2) consider the development of a new software tool with proper configurations and features specialized for risk assessment. Such guidelines and software will make exposure assessment more user-friendly, consistent, and rapid in the future.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.62-77
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• 2016

초기의 판 구조론에서 지각 판은 연약권 위에 떠서 맨틀의 움직임에 따라 움직이는 수동적인 모습으로 그려졌고, 자연히 해령에서 발산되는 힘이나 암석권 하부의 맨틀 견인력(drag force)이 판을 움직이는 주된 원동력으로 묘사되었다. 하지만 최근 여러 연구들은 판의 이동을 일으키는 원동력이 맨틀의 대류보다는 섭입대에서 침강하는 판이 만드는 섭입판 인력(slab pull)이라고 보고 있다. 최근 학계는 무거운 해양판과 주변 연약권의 밀도 차이가 섭입판 인력의 핵심이라고 설명한다. 해양판의 높은 밀도는 중력에 의해 판이 해구에서 맨틀 속으로 가라앉는 원인이 되며, 이것이 판이 움직이는 가장 큰 원동력을 발생시키는 것이다. 이러한 연구 결과들을 바탕으로, 본 연구는 고등학교 지구과학 교과서의 관련 내용을 검토하고 최근 수십 년 간의 서술 경향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 5차 교육과정 이래로 지금까지 거의 대부분의 고등학교 교과서가 맨틀 대류를 판 이동의 주 원동력으로 서술하고 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 대학교 교재가 개정판을 통해 새로운 학설을 꾸준히 제시해온 것과 대조적인 모습이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 학생들에게 더욱 정확한 학술적 정보를 제공하기 위해 이와 같은 새로운 판 구조론 내용이 해당 교과서 관련 단원에 추가되어야 할 것이다.