• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to verify validity of the Activity Participation Assessment for school-age children. Methods : A questionnaire consisting of 30 items from the APA, 75 items from the PACS, and 55 items from the CAPE was administered to elementary school students. A total of 207 questionnaires were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to confirm the construct validity of the APA. Convergence validity and discriminant validity were verified with the average variance extracted (AVE) and the square of the correlation coefficient. The discriminant validity was the Pearson correlation coefficient of the APA, PACS, and CAPE. Results : The results of the analysis were as follows: 1) For construct validity, the goodness of fit of the modified hierarchical second-order factor model was found to be appropriate (p < .001), 2) For convergent validity, the AVE was higher than .50 for all latent variables, 3) For discriminant validity, the AVE of the latent variable was greater than the square of the correlation coefficient (0.239), 4) For concurrent validity, the correlation between the total sum of the APA and PACS scores showed a positive correlation in all domains, and the correlation coefficient ranged from .303 to .647 at a statistically significant level (p < .01), 5) The correlation coefficient between the total sum of the APA and CAPE scores was .490 for recreational activities, .329 for physical activities, .571 for social activities, .401 for skill-based activities, and .390 for self-improvement activities. All domains showed a positive correlation, and were statistically significant (p < .01). Conclusion : APA can be used as a valid assessment tool to measure the participation of school aged children.

• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.235-246
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• 2022

A large number of MJO skill metrics and process-oriented MJO simulation metrics have been developed by previous studies including the MJO Working Group and Task Force. To assess models' successes and shortcomings in the MJO simulation, a standardized set of diagnostics with the additional set of dynamics-oriented diagnostics are applied. The Global Coupled (GC) model developed for the operation of the climate prediction system is used with the comparison between the GC2 and GC3.1. Two GC models successfully capture three-dimensional dynamic and thermodynamic structure as well as coherent eastward propagation from the reference regions of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific. The low-level moisture convergence (LLMC) ahead of the MJO deep convection, the low-level westerly and easterly associated with the coupled Rossby-Kelvin wave and the upper-level divergence are simulated successfully. The GC3.1 model simulates a better three-dimensional structure of MJO and thus reproduces more realistic eastward propagation. In GC2, the MJO convection following the LLMC near and east of the Maritime Continent is much weaker than observation and has an asymmetric distribution of both low and upper-level circulation anomalies. The common shortcomings of GC2 and GC3.1 are revealed in the shorter MJO periods and relatively weak LLMC as well as convective activity over the western Indian Ocean.

• Atmosphere
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.355-365
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• 2023

To proactively manage climate risk, near-term climate predictions on annual to decadal time scales are of great interest to various communities. This study evaluates the near-term climate prediction skills in East Asia with DePreSys4 retrospective decadal predictions. The model is initialized every November from 1960 to 2020, consisting of 61 initializations with ten ensemble members. The prediction skill is quantitatively evaluated using the deterministic and probabilistic metrics, particularly for annual mean near-surface temperature, land precipitation, and sea level pressure. The near-term climate predictions for May~September and November~March averages over the five years are also assessed. DePreSys4 successfully predicts the annual mean and the five-year mean near-surface temperatures in East Asia, as the long-term trend sourced from external radiative forcing is well reproduced. However, land precipitation predictions are statistically significant only in very limited sporadic regions. The sea level pressure predictions also show statistically significant skills only over the ocean due to the failure of predicting a long-term trend over the land.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.497-510
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify the domains of the competencies of trauma nursing through a scoping review using the JBI(Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology. The keywords are trauma, $nurs^*$, $competenc^*$, $role^*$, attitude, and knowledge and skill. The review used information from six databases: CINAHL, Pubmed, ProQuest, Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified as strategies to use in this review. 8 studies were eligible for result extraction, as they listed domains of the competencies. These domains among studies were analyzed based on Trauma Care System and Lenburg's COPA(Competency Outcomes and Performance Assessment) model. Domains in 'Prehospital care & transport', 'Hospital care' and 'Rehabilitation' of Trauma Care System were present, but no domain in 'Injury prevention' was.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.291-306
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• 2018

This study was designed to predict potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak (Quercus acuta Thunb.) in Korean Peninsula considering its dispersal ability under climate change. We used a species distribution model (SDM) based on the current species distribution and climatic variables. To reduce the uncertainty of the SDM, we applied nine single-model algorithms and the pre-evaluation weighted ensemble method. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) were used to simulate the distribution of Japanese evergreen oak in 2050 and 2070. The final future potential habitat was determined by considering whether it will be dispersed from the current habitat. The dispersal ability was determined using the Migclim by applying three coefficient values (${\theta}=-0.005$, ${\theta}=-0.001$ and ${\theta}=-0.0005$) to the dispersal-limited function and unlimited case. All the projections revealed potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak will be increased in Korean Peninsula except the RCP 4.5 in 2050. However, the future potential habitat of Japanese evergreen oak was found to be limited considering the dispersal ability of this species. Therefore, estimation of dispersal ability is required to understand the effect of climate change and habitat distribution of the species.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2021

Changes in a marine environment have a broad socioeconomic implication on fisheries and their relevant industries so that there has been a growing demand for the medium-range (months to years) prediction of the marine environment Using a medium-range ocean prediction model (Ocean Mid-range prediction System, OMIDAS) for the northwest Pacific, this study attempted to assess seasonal difference in the mid-range predictability of the sea surface temperature (SST), focusing on the Korea seas characterized as a complex marine system. A three-month re-forecast experiment was conducted for each of the four seasons in 2016 starting from January, forced with Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) forecast data. The assessment using relative root-mean-square-error was taken for the last month SST of each experiment. Compared to the CFSv2, the OMIDAS revealed a better prediction skill for the Korea seas SST, particularly in the Yellow sea mainly due to a more realistic representation of the topography and current systems. Seasonally, the OMIDAS showed better predictability in the warm seasons (spring and summer) than in the cold seasons (fall and winter), suggesting seasonal dependency in predictability of the Korea seas. In addition, the mid-range predictability for the Korea seas significantly varies depending on regions: the predictability was higher in the East Sea than in the Yellow Sea. The improvement in the seasonal predictability for the Korea seas by OMIDAS highlights the importance of a regional ocean modeling system for a medium-range marine prediction.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate tool for measuring the communication skills of dental hygienist. The survey was modified and revised to fit into Korean culture. Also the reliability and validity was tested in order to ensure the survey was properly evaluating communication skills of dental hygienists. A survey was conducted with outpatients in dental clinics located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Daejeon area. The 483 answers out of the total collected answers were used for the final analysis of the study, using PASW Statistics 18.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 7.0 to measure the validity and reliability. The factor analysis showed that the communication skill of the dental hygienists was composed of three elements, namely 'being caring and respectful' communications, 'sharing information' communications and 'tending to comfort' communications to reduce pain and anxiety. The validity of the model examined by a confirmatory factor analysis satisfied most of the relevant requirements. All of the factors had the conceptual reliability and variant extracted index above the minimum requirements, ensuring reliability and concentrated validity. Also, the value of the square of the correlations between all latent factors which was larger than the square of the correlation between all of the factors, thus proving the discriment validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was 0.8, which shows high reliability level. In conclusion, it was proven that dental hygienist's communication skill measurement tool has high validity and reliability. Further, this study can be used to improve dental hygienists' communication skills. Therefore, this will improve oral health of clients and manage them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.223-233
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• 2018

The predictability of winter storm waves using KMA's operational wind forecasts has been studied to predict wind waves and swells in the East coast of Korea using SWAN. The nested model were employed along the East coast of Korea to simulate the wave transformation in the coastal area and wave dissipation term of whitecapping is optimized to improve swell prediction accuracy. In this study, KMA's operational meteorological models (RDAPS and LDAPS) are used as input wind fields. In order to evaluate model accuracy, we also simulate wind waves and swells using ECMWF reanalysis and KIOST WRF wind and they are compared with the KMA's operational wave model and the wave measurement data on the offshore and onshore stations. As a result, it has the lowest RMSE and the highest correlation coefficient in the onshore when the input wind fields are KMA's operational meteorological forecasts. In the offshore, all of the simulate results shows good agreements with similar error statistics. It means that it is very feasible to use SWAN model with the modified whitecapping factor and KMA's operational meteorological forecasts for predicting the wind waves and swells in the East coast of Korea.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2017

Background: The mining industry is known worldwide for its highly risky and hazardous working environment. Technological advancement in ore extraction techniques for proliferation of production levels has caused further concern for safety in this industry. Research so far in the area of safety has revealed that the majority of incidents in hazardous industry take place because of human error, the control of which would enhance safety levels in working sites to a considerable extent. Methods: The present work focuses upon the analysis of human factors such as unsafe acts, preconditions for unsafe acts, unsafe leadership, and organizational influences. A modified human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) was adopted and an accident predictive fuzzy reasoning approach (FRA)-based system was developed to predict the likelihood of accidents for manganese mines in India, using analysis of factors such as age, experience of worker, shift of work, etc. Results: The outcome of the analysis indicated that skill-based errors are most critical and require immediate attention for mitigation. The FRA-based accident prediction system developed gives an outcome as an indicative risk score associated with the identified accident-prone situation, based upon which a suitable plan for mitigation can be developed. Conclusion: Unsafe acts of the worker are the most critical human factors identified to be controlled on priority basis. A significant association of factors (namely age, experience of the worker, and shift of work) with unsafe acts performed by the operator is identified based upon which the FRA-based accident prediction model is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2023

최근 IPCC 6차 보고서에서는 전 지구의 온도가 0.5℃가 증가할 때마다 기상학적 가뭄 지역이 증가하며, 인위적 강제력은 가뭄 현상의 강도와 빈도를 증가하는 것으로 밝혔다. 봄철(3월-5월) 동남아시아(남중국, 필리핀 등)에 비해 상대적으로 건조한 동북아시아(동중국, 한반도, 일본) 지역은 가뭄에 취약하며 기후 변화에 따라 가뭄으로 인한 피해가 커질 것으로 전망된다. 그러므로 이 지역은 봄철 가뭄으로 인한 피해를 완화하기 위해 봄철 강수량에 대한 신뢰할 만한 계절적 예보 기술이 꼭 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 1992-2022년 봄철의 Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) 값을 기준으로 2001년과 2011년 동북아시아 가뭄이 발생한 것을 확인하였으며, 각 해의 3월에 관측된 기상학적 초기 조건으로부터 다중 기후 예보 모델들의 봄철 강수량의 계절적 예측성을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 관측자료로부터 2001년 가뭄은 동북아시아 대기 상층의 저기압성 순환의 강화로 인한 제트류(Jet stream)의 강화와 연관되어 있었으며, 2011년 가뭄은 제트류 강화와 함께 태평양 열대 지역 기류 강화가 동반되어 발생하였음을 알 수 있었다. North American Multi-Model Ensemble 기후 예보 모델들은 2011년 가뭄에 비해 2001년 가뭄에 대한 예측성이 높았으며, 그 이유로는 대기 상층 순환의 예측성과 연관이 있음을 밝혔다. 또한, 봄철 대기-해양 상호 패턴을 관측과 유사하게 재현한 GFDL-SPEARS 모델이 가뭄 해의 대기 상층 저기압성 순환과 강수 예측성이 가장 높은 것을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과들을 통해 동북아시아 봄철 가뭄과 같은 극한 기상의 강수량 예측성 향상에 있어서 기후 예보 모델들의 현실적인 대기-해양 결합 과정 모사 능력의 중요성을 밝혔다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방안들은 기후 예측 모델 개선을 위한 전략적인 정보를 제공할 것으로 보인다.