• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.238-245
• /
• 2015

Background: Pharmacy schools newly adopted a 6-year program strengthening clinical knowledge since 2011 in Korea. The clinical training under the guidance of preceptors at hospital sites is a requisite for pharmacy students during the last year of undergraduate course. It has been rarely studied on the hospital pharmacists' perspective regarding being a preceptor or teaching pharmacy students. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the hospital pharmacists' intention toward student training and to identify the relevant factors among the individual pharmacists' characteristics and working environment within the theoretical frame of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Method: A mail-survey was conducted for pharmacists working in tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Incheon. The survey questionnaire consisting of 131 questions with a 5-likert scale was developed for investigating pharmacists' attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and the intention to teach pharmacy students as well as other demographic variables. To estimate the construct validity of components, factor analysis was conducted and Cronbach's alpha was calculated to estimate the reliability of the observed variables. Statistical analyses of one-way variance analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0. Results: The survey response rate was 53% (116/210) and the three constructs of attitude (r = .519), subjective norm (r = .233) and perceived control (r = .392) have appropriate correlations with the intention, proving the appropriateness of using the TPB model. Pharmacists working in inpatient (mean = 3.45) and outpatient clinics (mean = 3.34) generally showed positive intention for teaching. The attitude (${\beta}=.432$, p < 0.01) and perceived control (${\beta}=.270$, p < .01) constructs were significant predictors of the intention. Both age (r = 0.246, p = 0.017) and length of career (r = 0.310, p = 0.002) were positively related with the perceived control. Conclusion: Hospital pharmacists showed generally positive intention to provide student training in spite of the concern on their limited perceived behavioral control. Future research to find the actual barriers pharmacists faced in educating students need to be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.16 no.3 s.81
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2004

In this paper, method for the determination of removal time of the side forms in high strength concrete are discussed using the estimation model of compressive strength development, the development of bond strength and rebound number of P type Schmidt hammer in order to review the validity of existing regulation as to side form removal and offer effective quality control method. According to the results, as W/B increases by $10\%$, the setting time is shortened by about 2 hours. In the scope of the paper, required time to gain 8MPa of compressive strength is determined about 17 ${\~}$20 hours of age and $21{\~}25^{\circ}D{\cdot}D$ of maturity. Bond strength between form and concrete shows the highest value around final setting time, but decreases drastically after that. Amount of concrete sticking on the form is large before setting completed, but after that, its amount shows decline tendency. The rebound value test with P type schmidt hammer can be started faster by 2${\~}$3 hours than compressive strength test. It is also confirmed that the removal of forms is possible when the rebound value of P type schmidt hammer is more than 32. It is found from the results that existing regulation regarding removal time of the side form of high strength concrete provided in KCI needs no revision because required time to gain the strength provided in KCI has no adverse effect on strength development at early age and surface condition during stripping the side form. Effective procedure to decide the removal time of side form can be performed by applying P type Schmidt hammer.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of primary anterior zirconia crown made with Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology by analyzing fracture strength and translucency parameter. Zirconia crown was designed with CAD software, using 3D scanned data of #61 tooth model. Crown fabrication was performed with CAM machine using zirconia block. Zirconia crowns were divided into 3 groups according to thickness(0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mm), and fracture strength was compared with 1.0 mm thickness of resin strip crown. The compressive force was applied with universal testing machine at 30° along the incisal edge at increments of 1 mm/min. For translucency evaluation, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mm thickness of zirconia specimens were fabricated and translucency was measured with spectrophotometer. Among zirconia groups, there was a significant increase in fracture strength as thickness increased (p < 0.05). The fracture strength of zirconia crown was significantly higher than resin strip crown in all groups (p < 0.05). Translucency parameter was highest in 0.3 mm group, and significantly decreased as thickness increased to 0.5 and 0.7 mm (p < 0.05). Thin primary anterior zirconia crown can be designed and fabricated according to individual needs by using CAD/CAM. Restoration with thin crown would reduce the amount of tooth reduction, risk of pulp exposure, and make more esthetic restoration possible.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2015

Construction industry has played a pivotal role in the national economy, but the crisis situation of a construction industry has been worse due to the lack of recognition of the contribution of a construction industry. In particular, the transport sector is responsible for a critical function in the movement of humans and material resources, and has a profound impact on national competitiveness and the peoples' welfare, which requires quantitative analysis. In this study, economic contribution and impact of the transportation sector are measured based on the input-output model. Road and railway facilities account for 1.03% and 0.165% of the total industry respectively, and consist of a final demand and total output. Although value-added inducing effect is small, production inducing effect and backward linkage effect has been high. The results in this study will be used as the basic information for validity of investment and policy decisions.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2017

Glycosyl aesculin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, was synthesized by transglycosylation reaction, catalyzed by Thermotoga neapolitana ${\beta}-glucosidase$, with aesculin as an acceptor. The key reaction parameters were optimized using response-surface methodology (RSM) and $2{\mu}g$ of the enzyme. As shown by a statistical analysis, a second-order polynomial model fitted well to the data (p<0.05). The response surface curve for the interaction between aesculin and other parameters revealed that the aesculin concentration and reaction time were the primary factors that affected the yield of glycosyl aesculin. Among the tested factors, the optimum values for glycosyl aesculin production were as follows: aesculin concentration of 9.5 g/l, temperature of $84^{\circ}C$, reaction time of 81 min, and pH of 8.2. Under these conditions, 61.7% of glycosyl aesculin was obtained, with a predicted yield of 5.86 g/l. The maximum amount of glycosyl aesculin was 6.02 g/l. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental results confirmed the validity of the RSM. The optimization of reaction conditions by RSM resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in the production of glycosyl aesculin as compared to the yield before optimization. These results indicate that RSM can be effectively used for process optimization in the synthesis of a variety of biologically active glycosides using bacterial glycosidases.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.135-164
• /
• 2008

This research is to offer a structured yet practical ex-ante evaluation methodology for IT investment. Benchmarking the best practices of four Korean organizations, we try to integrate core processes, relevant measures, and evaluation dimensions into a consistent and wholesome body of evaluating methodology. The best practices we considered encompass a wide range of business enterprises, including for-profit, non-profit, service-oriented, and manufacturing entities. The proposed methodology consists of three stages; the first stage checks the validity of investments by looking into comprehensiveness of planning, willingness to accomplish, justifiable grounds for the investments, overlapping investments, and obstructing risks; the second do so by putting an IT investment into economic, strategic, and technological perspectives; and the last third would produce a unified quantity that summarizes outcome of the previous stages. Incorporating the proven knowledge, guidelines, and quantifying tools, the methodology could make a valuable reference model for IT evaluation practitioners who have been bedeviled by having to going through such ex-ante evaluations.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.237-259
• /
• 2015

Teachers in music(including Korean traditional music) gifted education are a significant variable in both identifying the giftedness of students and a successful instruction. The purpose of this study is to develop the Scale for Screening the Qualified Teachers for the Gifted in Korean traditional and western Music(SSQTGM), and to examine the validity and reliability of the SSQTGM. To achieve this purpose, this study administered the SSQTGM to 175 teachers of gifted students aged between 13 and 15 in middle schools for the arts. To validate the SSQTGM, I analyzed the criteria of the SSQTGM, and conducted an exploratory and confirmative factor analysis. I also examined an internal consistency. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, I finally collected 41 items of the SSQTGM. Futhermore, I could identify psychological constructs of the qualified teachers for the gifted in Korean traditional and western music. In consequence of the confirmative factor analysis, the model provided a good fit to observe data. As a result of the reliability analysis, the internal consistency of knowledge in the music(korean traditional music) verified cronbach's ${\alpha}=.937$, and the expertise of the class management and instruction verified cronbach's ${\alpha}=.942$. Also, the teachers' aptitude and personality verified cronbach's ${\alpha}=.963$. This result of the construct validation reflects the fact that the SSQTGM is an available scale that can be applied in gifted education field instantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.60-61
• /
• 2004

Metabolic engineering is now a well established discipline, used extensively to determine and execute rational strategies of strain development to improve the performance of micro-organisms employed in industrial fermentations. The basic principle of this approach is that performance of the microbial catalyst should be adequately characterised metabolically so as to clearlyidentify the metabolic network constraints, thereby identifying the most probable targets for genetic engineering and the extent to which improvements can be realistically achieved. In order to harness correctly this potential, it is clear that the physiological analysis of each strain studied needs to be undertaken under conditions as close as possible to the physico-chemical environment in which the strain evolves within the full-scale process. Furthermore, this analysis needs to be undertaken throughoutthe entire fermentation so as to take into account the changing environment in an essentially dynamic situation in which metabolic stress is accentuated by the microbial activity itself, leading to increasingly important stress response at a metabolic level. All too often these industrial fermentation constraints are overlooked, leading to identification of targets whose validity within the industrial context is at best limited. Thus the conceptual error is linked to experimental design rather than inadequate methodology. New tools are becoming available which open up new possibilities in metabolic engineering and the characterisation of complex metabolic networks. Traditionally metabolic analysis was targeted towards pre-identified genes and their corresponding enzymatic activities within pre-selected metabolic pathways. Those pathways not included at the onset were intrinsically removed from the network giving a fundamentally localised vision of pathway functionality. New tools from genome research extend this reductive approach so as to include the global characteristics of a given biological model which can now be seen as an integrated functional unit rather than a specific sub-group of biochemical reactions, thereby facilitating the resolution of complexnetworks whose exact composition cannot be estimated at the onset. This global overview of whole cell physiology enables new targets to be identified which would classically not have been suspected previously. Of course, as with all powerful analytical tools, post-genomic technology must be used carefully so as to avoid expensive errors. This is not always the case and the data obtained need to be examined carefully to avoid embarking on the study of artefacts due to poor understanding of cell biology. These basic developments and the underlying concepts will be illustrated with examples from the author's laboratory concerning the industrial production of commodity chemicals using a number of industrially important bacteria. The different levels of possibleinvestigation and the extent to which the data can be extrapolated will be highlighted together with the extent to which realistic yield targets can be attained. Genetic engineering strategies and the performance of the resulting strains will be examined within the context of the prevailing experimental conditions encountered in the industrial fermentor. Examples used will include the production of amino acids, vitamins and polysaccharides. In each case metabolic constraints can be identified and the extent to which performance can be enhanced predicted

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.245-257
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, valid, and reliable instrument for measuring forward flexion of trunk-hip joint. The subject included 44 females for sports major of volunteers at D. Women's University. In establishing the validity, objectivity the reliability of the new flexibility test(NF-test) for trunk-hip joint, Takei- flexometer(modified Leighton flexometer) was administered as the reference instrument, and test-retest method was utilized with the best scores. Intraclass correlation coefficient was obtained to use two way-mixed effect model and this value was average measure. The Pearson product correlation coefficient of L in this study were; the new flexibility test and Takei-flexometer as the reference tool correlated r = .962 in the first test, r = .960 in the second test. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the new flexibility test between in the initial test and in the retest were R = .994 for L, R =.993 for Y, and the intraclass correlation coefficient of the new flexibility test between L and Y were R =.985 in the initial test, and R =.986 in the retest. Based on the above findings, the following conclusions are presented. It was found the new flexibility test (NF test) was a valid, reliable, objective tool for measuring forward flexion of trunk-hip joint, and possible to be recommended as he test for measuring trunk-hip flexibility in the field.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2011

The paper is to estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) for residential water quality improvement in Busan, using non-parametric approach. There are several significant advantages of non-parametric approach, compared to parametric methods. That is, no probability distribution assumption is necessary so that there are no needs to assume or test goodness of fit, model specification and heteroscedasticity statistically. For the reliability and the validity of contingent valuation method a survey was conducted for 665 respondents, who were sampled by stratified random sampling method, by personal interview method. The result of mean WTP for residential water quality improvement in Busan was estimated to be 3,190 won to 3,331 won per month per household, while median WTP being 1,750 won. Provided that our sample is broadly representative of the Busan's population, an estimate of the annual aggregated benefit of residential water improvement for all Busan households is approximately 50.2 billion won in case of mean WTP or 27.5 billion won in case of median WTP.