• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1195-1202
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• 1991

This paper describes a newly developed method of production simulation by using the Mixture of Cumulant Approximation (MOCA). In this method, the load is modelled as random variable (r.v.) which can be interpreted in terms of partitioning the load into various categories. We can consider the load shape of multi-modal characteristics. The number of load category and demarcation points of each load category are calculated automatically by using interpolation and least square method. Each generating unit of a supply system is modelled as r.v. of unit outage capacity according to the number of unit outage subset. Since the computation burden of each subset's moments increases exponentially as units are convolved to the system, we further derive the specific recursive formulae. In simulating the energy limited units, hydro unit simulation is performed using Energy Invariance Property and the simulation of pumped storage unit is modelled as compulsory and economic operations. The proposed MOCA method is applide to the test systems and the results are compared with those of cumulant and Booth Baleriaux method. It is verified that the MOCA method is considerably reliable and stable both pathological and well behaved system.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

This paper describes the prediction of eigenfrequencies due to changes in stiffness and mass in the connection area of the lap joint beam in terms of linear and torsional stiffness as well as connection length. The sensitivities of mass and stiffness in the finite element model were derived by using the first-order differential and algebraic equation and were thereafter applied to obtain new natural frequencies that were compared with theoretical exact solutions. Newly predicted natural frequencies due to only a change in stiffness were in relatively good agreement with those in lower modes for rigid joints, while further investigation was needed for flexible joints. On the other hand, only the change in mass resulted in a large discrepancy in the flexible joint case. It may be strongly anticipated that this study will provide a useful tool for estimating modal parameters by change in any design variable, such as the structural dimension, material property, or connection type for a large-scale structure, even though the proposed methodology is currently limited to a jointed beam.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.143-159
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• 2021

The 246.8-m-tall Beijing Olympic Tower (BOT) is a new landmark in Beijing City, China. Its unique architectural style with five sub-towers and a large tower crown gives rise to complex dynamic characteristics. Thus, it is wind-sensitive, and a double-stage pendulum tuned mass damper (DPTMD) has been installed for vibration mitigation. In this study, a finite-element analysis of the wind-induced responses of the tower based on full-scale measurement results was performed. First, the structure of the BOT and the full-scale measurement are introduced. According to the measured dynamic characteristics of the BOT, such as the natural frequencies, modal shapes, and damping ratios, an accurate finite-element model (FEM) was established and updated. On the basis of wind measurements, as well as wind-tunnel test results, the wind load on the model was calculated. Then, the wind-induced responses of the BOT with the DPTMD were obtained and compared with the measured responses to assess the numerical wind-induced response analysis method. Finally, the wind-induced serviceability of the BOT was evaluated according to the field measurement results for the wind-induced response and was found to be satisfactory for human comfort.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2022

지반내 물의 흐름은 입자 사이의 공극 분포에 의존하므로 입자의 크기를 이용한 수리학적 물성치의 예측은 정확도가 낮다. 본 논문은 Silveria의 방법을 이용하여 입도분포곡선으로부터 수축 공극크기분포를 산정하고, 포화-불포화 수리학적 물성치를 산정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 입도분포가 양호한 흙은 단봉의 공극크기분포를 보이고, 입도분포가 불량한 흙은 쌍봉의 공극크기분포를 보였다. 공극크기분포를 이용한 이론적 포화투수계수 모델식 중에서 Marshall 모델이 실내실험결과와 가장 부합되었다. 불포화토 수리해석에 필요한 함수특성곡선과 불포화투수계수에 대한 모델식을 공극크기분포를 이용하여 제안하였다. 개발된 모델식을 다양한 흙에 적용하여 수리학적 물성치의 예측에 적합한 모델을 선정하는 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1881-1891
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• 2000

석탄화력 발전소에서 석탄이 연소되면서 생성된 석탄회 중 Cenosphere는 속이 비어 있거나 미세 입자들로 채워져 있고 입자의 크기가 큰 구형의 입자로 물에 부유할 정도로 비중이 작을뿐만 아니라 입자의 벽면에 유리질 성분이 많은 입자이다. 본 연구는 Cenosphere 입자에 대한 형성메카니즘을 분석하여 형태적, 물리적, 화학적 특성을 파악하였다. Cenosphere는 석탄이 연소하면서 입자의 내부에서 발생된 가스가 밖으로 방출되면서 형성되기 때문에 입자가 부풀어져 크게 되고 가스의 분출로 입자의 표변에 구멍이 발생하며 알루미노실리케이트 (Aluminosilicate) 성분에 의해 형성된 기포가 용융표면층에 부착되어 Cenosphere내부에 미세 입자들을 형성한다. 이와 같온 입자의 형성메카니즘 특성 때문에 분말성이 좋으면서 가볍고 큰 입자를 형성한다. Cenosphere의 입도분포는 $100{\sim}200{\mu}m$에 집중된 Single Modal로 질량중앙직경은 $123.11{\mu}m$이고 비중은 $0.67g/cm^3$, 분말도는 $1,135g/cm^3$으로 분석되었다. 또한 Cenosphere의 입자를 구성하는 성분 중 $SiO_2$는 59.17%, $Al_2O_3$는 30.16%로 전체의 89.33%를 차지하고 있고 있어 알루미노실리케이트 성분, 즉 유리질 성분이 높아 열절연성이 뛰어나다. 따라서 Cenosphere 입자를 실리카 바인더로 입자를 결합하면 다양한 온도에서 사용할 수 있는 우수한 열절연체를 만들 수 있어 재활용 원료로 활용이 가능하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 재킷식 해상풍력터빈 지지구조물의 효과적인 건전성 모니터링을 위하여, 손상에 의한 구조물의 모드 특성 변화 및 군집신경망기법을 이용한 손상추정기법을 제안한다. 실용적 적용을 위하여 제한된 계측자료를 활용하고, 구조적으로 중요하며 손상이 발생될 확률이 큰 것으로 판단되는 중요부재를 대상으로 손상을 추정한다. 즉, 재킷식 지지구조물은 부재 개수가 많기 때문에, 모든 부재를 적절히 식별하기 위해서는 이에 상당하는 많은 수의 계측 데이터 채널 및 센서를 설치해야 한다. 이는 건전성 모니터링의 경제적 및 실용적인 측면에서 적절치 않다고 판단되며, 본 연구에서는 중요 구조부재에 대하여 제한된 계측자료를 활용하여 집중적으로 손상추정을 수행하기 위한 연구를 수행한다. 5 MW 해상풍력터빈에 적용될 수 있는 재킷식 해상풍력터빈 지지구조물을 모델링한 후, 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 신경망의 훈련패턴을 생성한다. 이후, 군집신경망기법을 이용하여 중요부재에 대한 손상위치 및 손상정도를 20가지 손상경우에 대하여 추정한 결과, 모든 손상 경우에 대하여 성공적으로 손상을 판정할 수 있었으며, 군집신경망기법을 적용함으로써 추청결과의 정확성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 실험연구를 통하여 기법을 검증하였는데, 3가지 손상경우에 대하여 손상을 추정한 결과 합리적으로 손상을 추정할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.891-906
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• 2019

This study considers the instability behavior of sandwich plates considering magnetorheological (MR) fluid core and piezoelectric reinforced facesheets. As facesheets at the top and bottom of structure have piezoelectric properties they are subjected to 3D electric field therefore they can be used as actuator and sensor, respectively and in order to control the vibration responses and loss factor of the structure a proportional-derivative (PD) controller is applied. Furthermore, Halpin-Tsai model is used to determine the material properties of facesheets which are reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs). Moreover, because the core has magnetic property, it is exposed to magnetic field. In addition, Kelvin-Voigt theory is applied to calculate the structural damping of the piezoelectric layers. In order to consider environmental forces applied to structure, the visco-Pasternak model is assumed. In order to consider the mechanical behavior of structure, sinusoidal shear deformation theory (SSDT) is assumed and Hamilton's principle according to piezoelasticity theory is employed to calculate motion equations and these equations are solved based on differential cubature method (DCM) to obtain the vibration and modal loss factor of the structure subsequently. The effect of different factors such as GPLs distribution, dimensions of structure, electro-magnetic field, damping of structure, viscoelastic environment and boundary conditions of the structure on the vibration and loss factor of the system are considered. In order to indicate the accuracy of the obtained results, the results are validated with other published work. It is concluded from results that exposing magnetic field to the MR fluid core has positive effect on the behavior of the system.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2016

곡면형 플라즈마 도파로에 기초한 나노 크기의 전력분배기가 다중모드 간섭 결합기의 특성을 이용하여 설계되었다. 플라즈마 곡면형 다중모드 간섭 결합기(PC-MMIC)의 적응 특성을 쉽게 분석하기 위하여 등각변환 해석법을 이용하여 곡면형 구조를 평면형 구조로 등가 변환하였다. 또한, 3D 전송구조의 전파특성과 최적의 설계변수를 선택하기 위하여 유효 유전체 방법과 종방향 모드 전송 선로 해석법을 적용하였다. 설계된 $2{\times}2$ PC-MMIC는 휘어진 구조에 기인하여 quasi-TM 모드에서는 PC-MMIC의 특성이 나타내지 않았으며, quasi-TE 모드의 경우 50%:50%의 비율로 출력되는 3dB 결합특성이 나타나지 않았다. 더욱이, 곡률 반경이 작은 부분 보다 큰 부분에서 입사된 신호가 더욱 좋은 결합특성을 나타내었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.463-479
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• 2007

A series of wind tunnel sectional model dynamic tests of a twin-deck bridge were conducted at the CLP Power Wind/Wave Tunnel Facility (WWTF) of The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) to investigate the effects of gap-width on the self-excited vibrations and the dynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of the bridge. Five 2.9 m long models with different gap-widths were fabricated and suspended in the wind tunnel to simulate a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) bridge dynamic system, free to vibrate in both vertical and torsional directions. The mass, vertical frequency, and the torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio of the 2DOF systems were fixed to emphasize the effects of gap-width. A free-vibration test methodology was employed and the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) was utilized to extract the eight flutter derivatives and the modal parameters from the coupled free-decay responses. The results of the zero gap-width configuration were in reasonable agreement with the theoretical values for an ideal thin flat plate in smooth flow and the published results of models with similar cross-sections, thus validating the experimental and analytical techniques utilized in this study. The methodology was further verified by the comparison between the measured and predicted free-decay responses. A comparison of results for different gap-widths revealed that variations of the gap-width mainly affect the torsional damping property, and that the configurations with greater gap-widths show a higher torsional damping ratio and hence stronger aerodynamic stability of the bridge.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1977

The Charyong batholith extends northeasterly from the west coast to the west of Wonju in the central parts of Korean Penninsula. The batholith is separated by the metamorphic complex into the northern and the southern granites. and is believed to intrude during the Daebo orogeny of early Jurassic to early Cretaceous age. It constitutes a sort of anticlinorium and the metamorphic complex can be regarded as a huge roof pendant. The modal analysis indicates that the Charyong batholith belongs to a series of adamellite-granodiorte-to-nalite. The oxidation property happened during a magmatic segregation reveals that the batholith shows in general orogenic assimilation trend. The granites of early to middle Jurassic age show orogenic assimilation trend, whereas those of late Jurassic to early Cretaceous age post orogenic noassimilation trend. The fracture system of the whole region is two folds: the fractures having attitute of $N25{\sim}40^{\circ}E$ and $70^{\circ}SE$ are regarded as tension fractures, and those of NS, and 50E to vertical and $N50^{\circ}E$ and $80^{\circ}E$ to vertical as shear fractures. All these facts suggest definitely that the Charyong batholith is the syntectonic intrusives during the Daebo orogeny. The mineral deposits in the area studied are gold-silver deposits in majority which was named by O,J.Kim(1970) as the Chonan metallogenic province. They are sulfides baring quartz veins which were emplaced along the tension and shear fractures originated by the Daebo orogeny.