• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 1984

In the forward reaction (ADP formation) of the adenylate kinase from baker's yeast, dissociation constants from binary complexes are higher by a factor of about 4 times then those from at ternary complexes. In the reverse reaction, dissociation constants from the binary complexes are 2 times higher then those from the ternary complexes. The enzyme showed activities against various nucleotide triphospate in following orders; ATP 100, UTP 18, ITP 9 and GTP 5, of the necleotide monophosphate. only dAMP showed 33% activity of that AMP as phosphate acceptor. Divalent cations were required in enzyme reaction in following orders; $Mg^{2＋}$ 100, Co$^{2＋}$ 57, Mn$^{2＋}$ 54, $Ca^{2＋}$ 51, Ni$^{2＋}$ 10 and Sn$^{2＋}$ 6. AMP, as a substrate inhibitor, competitively inhibited the adenylate kinase at pH 7.2 or 8.0. Inhibition constants of the enzyme showed greater dependence on the pH of the reaction mixture, which was the lower Ki values under higher pH. Adenosine pentaphospho adenosine was competive inhibitor to the enzyme against all substrate, and it showed the same Ki values, 2.9mM. Further, PEP was competive inhibitor with respect to AMP and non-competive inhibitor with respect to MgATP. Adenylate kinase from bakers yeast was similar to mitochondrial type of animal in the contents of aianine, leucine and asparagine or asparatic acid differing from muscle type enzyme. Based on the results and observation, characteristic of yeast adenylate kinase resembled the adenylate kinase of mitochondrial type from animals. Further, difference of characteristics in adenylate kinasa depending upon the workers might be due to the difference of strain used.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.218-223
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• 1997

At the aim of finding a Fehased amorphous alloy with a wide supercooled liquid region (${\Delta}T_{x}=T_{x}-T_{g}$) before crystallization, the changes in glass transition temperatudfI$T_{g}$ and crystallization temperature ($T_{x}$) by the dissolution of additional M elements were examined for the $Fe_{80}P_{10}C_{6}B_{4}$(x~6at%. M= transition metals) amorphous alloys. The ${\Delta}T_{x}$ value is 27K for the Fe,,,P,,,C,,R, alloy and increases to 40K for the addition of M=4at%Hf, 4at%Ta or 4at%Mo. The increase in ${\Delta}T_{x}$ is due to the increase of $T_{x}$ exceeding the degree in the increase in $T_{g}$. The $T_{g}$ and $T_{x}$ increase with decreasing electron concentration (e/a) from about 7 38 to 7.05. The decrease of e/a also implies the increase in the attractive bonding state between the M elements and other constitutent elements. It is therefore said that $T_{g}$ and $T_{x}$ increase kith increasing attractive bonding force.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.375-378
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• 1991

Bangah (Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze), one of the wild plant grown in Korea and used for deodorizing some of the fish foods because it's strong and unique flavor, was determined for chemical composition in leaf, flower and stem. The highest protein content of 14.7% was found in leaf and lipids was in the range of $5.25{\sim}7.74%$. Total sugar content in leaf and flower were 27.53% and 14.86%, reducing sugar content were 11.80% and 2.75%, respectively. Fifteen fatty acids in bangah were identified and the major fatty acids were linolenic, palmitic, lauric and linoleic acids. Seventeen total amino acids were determined in leaf and flower. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid and leucine were high in each portion. The major free amino acids were histidine, serine, proline and glutamic acid. Most of minerals were high in leaf and flower than those in stem of bangah except for Ca and Fe. Especially K was higher in leaf and flower than stem by 4 times.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2020

Populus Tomentiglandulosa (PT) is known for pharmacological effects against ischemia-injury and immune activity. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional components, total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities of PT extract. Among the mineral contents, the K content (907.5 mg/100 g) was the highest in the PT extract. Vitamins C (6.1 mg/100 g) and nicotinic acid (3.1 mg/100 g) were also found in high amounts. Fructose (2.2%) and glucose (1.6%) were found as free sugars in the PT extract. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of PT extract were 115.4±0.85 mg GAE/g and 20.9±1.14 mg QE/g, respectively. Results of HPLC analysis of PT extract identified catechin (9.1±0.27 mg/g), caffeic acid (4.1±0.57 mg/g), p-coumaric acid (2.1±0.49 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (1.6±1.86 mg/g), and gallic acid (1.4±0.35 mg/g), respectively. These results suggest that the PT extract possesses high nutritional component and antioxidant properties, which can be used as functional bioresources.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2019

Freeze-dried silkworm powder has been approved as a functional ingredients for blood glucose control since 2009. Proximate and nutrient compositions of silkworm powder was summerized as bellow. Silkworm powder contained 4.7% moisture, 57.7% crude protein, 9.5% crude fat, 5.4% crude fiber, and 9.3% ash. The larval protein contained 18 known amino acid including glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Fat is composed of 3:7 ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid including various essential fatty acids. It contained 34.7 linolenic acid, 24.4% oleic acid, 20.2% palmitic acid, 9.2% stearic acid, and 7.7% linoleic acid. Five minerals, K, P, Ca, Mg, S were abundant in the silkworm powder with other minerals such as Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.122-143
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• 2010

The Shilla Stone Monument in Jungseongri was found during the road-construction in Pohang. It has approximately two hundreds of letters inscribed on the surface of one side, and it is estimated to be older than Shilla Stone Monument in Naengsuri which had been known for the oldest stele in Shilla Period. This monument is made of fine to medium-grained biotite granite, while the Shilla Stone Monument in Naengsuri is made of fine-grained granodioritic porphyry bearing feldspar and amphibole phenocrysts. Both rock types of the monuments are interpreted to be cognate with biotite granite in Shinkwangmyeon, and with granodioritic porphyry in Gigyemyeon. They are characterized by xenolith and miarolitic cavity. Damage aspects in both monuments are discoloring, cracking and breaking. These damages do not cause structural instability of the monuments, but attenuate aesthetic value. Black and brown discoloring contaminants on the surface of the Jungseongri Monument contain a high amount of manganese and iron. As a result of ultrasonic test, both monuments were evaluated to be medium-weathered (MW), although the velocity of the Shilla Monument in Jungseongri was slightly lower than the Shilla Monument in Naengsuri. This is because the Monument in Juengseongri had been exposed to outdoor environment for long time until the discovery. It is necessary for Shilla Monuments to be protected by appropriately environmental control and management.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Generally, the plate load test and the field density test are conducted for compaction quality control in earthwork, and then additional analysis. Recently developed that the DCPT (Dynamic Cone Penetration Test) equipment for smart compaction quality control its the system are able to get location and real-time information about worker history management. The IoT-based the DCPT system improved the time-cost in the field compared traditional test, and the functions recording and storage of the DPI (Dynamic Cone Penetration Index) were automated. This paper describes using these DCPT equipment on in-situ and compared to the standards of the DCPT, and the compaction trend had be confirmed with DPI as the field test data. As a result, the DPI of the final compaction decreased by 1.4 times compared to the initial compaction, confirming the increase in the compaction strength of the subgrade compaction layer 10 to 14 cm deep from the surface. A trend of increasing compaction strength was observed. This showed a tendency to increase the compaction strength of the target DPI proposed by MnDOT and the results of the existing plate load test, but there was a difference in the increase rate. Therefore, additional studies are needed on domestic compaction materials and laboratory conditions for target DPI and correlation studies with the plate load tests. If this is reflected, it is suggested that DCPT will be widely used as smart construction equipment in earthworks.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.525-530
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• 2004

This study has been performed to examine physico-chemical properties and composition of venison in Deer breeds. According the results, moisture content in the venison ranged between 74% and 75%, and there were no significant differences among the breeds, or among the cutting parts. Fat content in the meats was estimated as less than 1% except in loin, protein contents was estimated as more than 22%, and ash content was estimated as more than 1.5%. For the contents of inorganic material in the loin, Fe$^{3+}$ content was higher in Elk than in other breeds, the contents of $Cu^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$were higher in Red deer than in others, and the contents of $Fe^{3+}$, $K^{+}$, and $P^{+}$ were higher in Sika deer than in others. For the contents of inorganic material in the leg, the contents of $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $K^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were higher in Elk than in other breeds, the contents of $Fe^{3+}$ and$P^{+}$ were higher in Red deer than in others, and the contents of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$were higher in Sika deer than in others. Amino acid contents in the venison alanine, proline, glycine, lycine and histidine were highly contained. and the contents of asparagine, cysteine, isoleucine and threonine were low. For the differences of amino acid contents among the breeds, the level was the higher in Sika deer than those of others. For the fatty acid in loin, the contents of myristic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid in Sika deer were higher than those of others, the contents of myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and arachidonic acid in Red deer were higher than those of others and in Elk, the contents of palmitic acid and stearic acid were higher than those of others. For the contents of unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the level was higher in Red deer than those of others. For the fatty acid in leg, the contents of oleic acid, linolenic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonine acid in Sika deer were higher than those of others, the contents of myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid in Red deer were higher than those of others and in Elk, the contents of stearic acid and linolenic acid were higher than those of others. For the contents of saturated fatty acid, the level was lowest in Sika deer. For the contents of unsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids were respectively highest in Sika deer. Comparing the contents inorganic materials between loin and leg, the concentrations in leg were generally higher than that of loin.n.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 1981

An experiment with the tobacco plant was conducted in the pots. A sandy humic soil was used with 2 levels of pH, 3.5 and 5.8 with 2 kinds of anions, Cl as $NH_4Cl$ and $SO_4$ as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, and with 4 levels of pF, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.5. The pH-treatment created different N-forms; $NH_4$ at low pH(3.5) and $NO_3$ at high pH (5.8). The results are summarized as follows: 1. At low pH (3.5) with high concentration of $NH_4$ given as $NH_4Cl$, the high content of $NH_4$ and Cl in tobacco resulted in plants suffering from $NH_4$ and Cl toxicity as well as Mn toxicity. As a result of these toxicity, an extremly abnormal growth of tobacco was clearly appeared. In the tobacco grown at low pH with $NH_4$ given as $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, a large amount of the $NH_4$ uptake developed Mg and Ca deficiencies. $NH_4-N$, which had been applied to the soil of high pH (5.8), was almost completely transformed into $NO_3-N$ by nitrification and, on this low acidic soil, the plants were all healthy regardless of Cl or $SO_4$ added together with $NH_4-N$. However, dry matter production was higher and maturity faster when $SO_4$ was used as anion than when Cl was used. 2. High moisture content in soil, to some extent, is necessary for a good development and growth of the tobacco plant. Phosphate uptake seemed to be limited at higher moisture stress. The dry matter yield of tops and roots of tobacco were in the order of pF 1.8 > 2.1 > 2.6 > 3.6, respectively. 3. Data of chemical analysis and dry matter yields of tops and roots showed that the tobacco plant followed the normal (C-A) concept. In the normal growth of plants, the carboxylate content of tops was quite comparable to the estimated (C-A) values. If $NH_4$ content of plants remains in quite high quantities, it must be analysed and taken into consideration for the (C-A) calculation. Al is not transported toward tops in toxic amounts due to its high immobility, it mostly stay in or on the roots, probably due to precipitation as a aolt. When Al is present in high quantities, it has to be considered into the (C-A) calculation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 1976

In order to investigate chemical components and mineral of ginseng cultivated in Korea and to establish an appropriate extraction method, the present work was carried out with Raw ginseng(SC), White ginseng(SB) and Ginseng tail(SA). The results determined could be summarized as follows : 1. Among the proximate components, moisture content of SC, SB and SA were 66.37%, 12.61% and 12.20% respectively. The content of crude ash in SA was the highest value of three kinds of ginseng root: SA 6.04%, SB 3.52% and SC 1.56%. The crude protein of Dried ginseng root(SA and SB) was about 12-14%, which was more than two times compared with that of SC(6.30%) The content of pure protein seemed to be in similar tendency with that of crude protein in three kinds of ginseng root: 2.26% in SC, 5.94% in SB and 5.76% in SA. There was no significant difference in the content of fat among the kinds of ginseng root. $(1.1{\sim}2.5%)$ 2. The highest Ginseng extract was obtained by use of Continuous extractor which is a modified Soxhlet apparatus for 60 hours extraction with 60-80% ethanol. 3. Ginseng and the above-mentioned ginseng extract (Ginseng tail extract: SAE, White Ginseng extract : SBE, Raw Ginseng extract: SCE) were analyzed by volumetric method for the determination of Chlorine and Calcium, by colorimetric method for that of Iron and Phosphorus, by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for that of Zinc, Copper and Manganese. The results were as follows : 1. The content of phosphorus in SA, SB and SC were 1.818%, 1.362%, 0.713% respectively and phosphorus content in three kinds of extract were in low level (SAE: 0.03%, SBE: 0.063%, SCE: 0.036%) 2. In the Calcium content, SA, SB and SC were 0.147%, 0.238%, 0.126% and the Calcium contents of Ginseng extracts were 0.023%, 0.011% and 0.016%. The extraction ratio of Calcium from SA was the highest value (15.6%), while that in the case of SB was 4.6%. 3. The Chlorine content of SA was 0.11%, this was slightly higher than others(SB: 0.07%, SC: 0.09%) and extraction ratio of SA and SB were 36.4%, 67.1% while that of SC was 84.4%. 4. The Iron content of SA, SB and SC were 125ppm, 32.5ppm and 20ppm but extraction ratio was extremely low (SAE: 1.33%, SBE: 0.83%, SCE: 1.08%), 5. The Manganese content of SA, SB and SC were 62.5ppm, 25.0ppm and 5.0ppm respectively but the Manganese content of extract could not determined, Copper content of SA, SB and SC were 15.0ppm, 20.0ppm and those of extract were 7.5ppm, 6.5ppm, 4.5ppm while those of extraction ratio were 50%, 32.5% and 90% respectively, Zinc was abundant in Ginseng compared with other herbs, (SA: 45.5ppm, SB: 27.5ppm and SC: 5.5ppm) and the extracted amount were 4.5ppm, 1.25ppm 1.50ppm respectively.