• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.174-181
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• 2008

The stability of the cathode materials for Li secondary battery is an important factor for its cyclability. The present paper focuses on the structural stability of $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$ during lithiation/delithiation of Li ions and compared to that of $LiMn_{2}O_4$. $LiMn_{2}O_4$ and $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$ powders are synthesized using a solgel method and their structural and electrochemical properties are investigated by XRD, SEM, and charge-discharge tests. $Li_xMn_2O_4$ and $Li_xNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$(x = 0.9,0.5,0.1) specimens are obtained after charge/discharge tests by controlling the cut-off voltage for XRD and TEM investigation. The charge-discharge tests shows that initial capacity of $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$ is 125 mAh/g and that of LiMn2O4 is around 100 mAh/g. The capacity of $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$ is maintained 95% of its initial capacity whereas the capacity of $LiMn_{2}O_4$ is maintained 65% of its initial capacity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.162-167
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• 2023

Diverse structures of Mn oxides in natural and engineered systems occur from the transformation of δ-MnO₂, the most common crystalline phase of nucleated Mn oxides, to other structures via redox reactions, adsorption of metals, etc. Recently, together with emerging interests of Zn-based rechargeable battery systems, which use Mn oxides as a cathode, the transformation and recrystallization of Mn oxides have garnered interests. Here, using hydrothermal reaction of Zn-doped δ-MnO₂, the formation of todorokite and chalcophanite is observed. When the concentration of doped Zn increases, the formation of chalcophanite is dominant, but occurs slower than that of the lower concentration of doped Zn. This study will provide a new understanding of the effect of Zn on the recrystallization process of Mn oxides during redox cycles in energy storage systems and environmental systems.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2023

Synergistically increased oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of manganese oxide (MnO₂) catalyst is introduced with surface-modified halloysite nanotube (Fe₃O₄-HNTs) structure. The flake shaped MnO₂ catalyst is attached on the nanotube template (Fe₃O₄-HNTs) by series of wet chemical and hydrothermal method. The strong interaction between MnO₂ and Fe₃O₄-HNTs maximized active surface area and inter-connectivity for festinate charge transfer reaction for OER. The synergistical effect between Fe₃O₄ layer and MnO₂ catalyst enhance the Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ ratio by partial replacement of Mn ions with Fe. The relatively increased Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ ratio on MnO₂@FHNTs induced 𝜎^* orbital (e_g) occupation close to single electron, improving the OER performances. The MnO₂@FHNTs catalyst exhibited the reduced overpotential of 0.42 V (E vs. RHE) at 10 mA/cm² and Tafel slope of (99 mV/dec), compared with that of MnO₂ with unmodified HNTs (0.65 V, 219 mV/dec) and pristine MnO₂ (0.53 V, 205 mV/dec). The present study provides simple and innovative method to fabricate nano fiberized OER catalyst for a broad application of energy conversion and storage systems.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2006

Magnetic and electronic properties of reduced rutile titanium dioxide $(TiO_{2-\delta})$ thin films doped by Mn have been investigated. The present sol-gel-grown semiconducting $TiO_{2-\delta}:Mn$ films exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature for a limited range of Mn content. The Mn-doped films have p-type electrical conductivity with the carrier concentration near $10^{19}\;cm^{-3}$. The observed room-temperature ferromagnetism is believed to be intrinsic but not related to free carriers such as holes. Oxygen vacancies are likely to contribute to the room-temperature ferromagnetism-trapped carriers in oxygen vacancies can mediate a ferromagnetic coupling between neighboring $Mn^{+3}$ ions. The energy band-gap change due to the Mn doping measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry exhibits a red-shift compared to that of the undoped sample at low Mn content. It is explainable in terms of strong spin-exchange interactions between Mn ion and the carrier.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.50-54
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• 2016

We analyzed the angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in exchange coupled CoFe/MnIr bilayers. The maximum and minimum linewidth was observed in the easy and hard direction of unidirectional anisotropy by exchange coupling, respectively, and it was well agreed with the angular dependence of exchange bias field. The maximum linewidth was due to the twist of CoFe magnetization near CoFe/MnIr interface from direction of pinned MnIr spin to direction of applied magnetic field. While, minimum linewidth more higher than that of CoFe was related to rotatable anisotropy field, and explained by easy axis distribution of MnIr grains.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.23-26
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• 2001

The properties of $LiMnO_2$ was studied as a cathode active material for lithium polymer batteries. $LiMnO_2$ cathode active materials were synthesized by the reaction of $LiOH{\cdot}H_2O$ and $Mn_2O_3$ at various temperature under argon atmosphere. The powders were characterized by the X -ray diffraction. For lithium polymer battery applications, the $LiMnO_2$ cell was characterized electrochemically by charge-discharge experiments and a.c. impedance spectroscopy. And the relationship between the characteristics of powders and electrochemical properties was studied in this research. A maximum discharge capacity of 160~170 mAh/g for o-$LiMnO_2$ cell was achieved. The capacity of o-$LiMnO_2$ electrode demonstrated better than of the spinel $LiMnO_2$ by solid-state reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.15-23
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• 1991

The damping capacities of the nonthermoelastic bcc type lath martensite and of the nonthermoelastic hcp type thin plate martensite in Fe-Mn alloys were studied. Fe-17%Mn alloy showing the hcp type thin plate martensite was superior to Fe-4%Mn alloy having the bcc type lath martensite in damping capacity. The damping capacity of the Fe-17%Mn alloy became greater with increasing the hcp martensite volume fraction. The damping mechanism of the Fe-4%Mn alloy was well explained by the dislocation model. However, the damping mechanism of the Fe-17%Mn alloy was explained on the basis of austenite/martensite interface moving model. The two alloys showed almost same levels of tensile strength. However, the elongation was greater in the Fe-17%Mn alloy than in the Fe-4%Mn alloy, showing lower yield strength in the former than in the latter. This result was considered to be attributed to formation of stress-induced martensite during tension test.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.454-459
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• 2010

This study investigated the applicability of manganese coated media such as manganese coated sand (MCS), manganese coated sericite (MCSe) and manganese coated starfish material calcined at $550^{\circ}C$ (MCSf) to remove Mn(II) in synthetic wastewater. Manganese coated media prepared at different pH was applied in the treatment of soluble Mn(II) in batch and column experiments at various Mn(II) concentrations. The amount of Mn coated on three different media was approximately 800~1100 mg/kg. From the stability test, negligible dissolution of Mn was observed above pH 3.0. In batch test, more than 40% of Mn(II) was removed by all sand media at various manganese concentrations. In order to see the effect of additional oxidant for the removal of Mn(II), 4 mg/L of hypochlorite was added in Mn(II) solution during column experiment. Breakthrough of Mn(II) was greatly retarded in the presence of hypochlorite in all column reactors packed with different media. Among the manganese coated media, MCSf prepared at pH 4 indicated the highest removal capacity. The removal efficiency of Mn(II) was also increased in the multi-layer system (0.5 g of MCS, MCSe, and MCSf each).

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2014

$MnBi_{1-x}Ti_x$ (x = 0, 0.4, 0.7, 1) alloys were prepared by arc-melting, followed by heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to measure and investigate the phase structure and magnetic properties. The temperature dependent magnetization curves indicate that the phase transitions between LTP and HTP MnBi occur with heating or cooling in $MnBi_{1-x}Ti_x$ ($x{\leq}0.7$) samples. However, MnTi samples are in $Mn_2Ti$ single-phase, with very low magnetic properties. Furthermore, the coercivity exhibits a positive temperature coefficient. The results show that the optimal content of Ti for the coercivity of $MnBi_{1-x}Ti_x$ alloy is x = 0.4. For MnBi sample, the coercivity reaches a maximum value of 1.13 T at 550 K. However, the remanence and energy product show apparent decrease with the addition of Ti in $MnBi_{1-x}Ti_x$ alloys.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 1990

Effects of MnO2 addition ranged from 0.0wt% to 5.0wt% on the microstructure and dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the Pb(Zr0.52 Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics have been investigated. The solubility limit of MnO2 in Pb(Zr0.52 Ti0.48)O3 is about 0.5wt%, and MnO2 as a valence state of Mn3+ is substituted for (Zr, Ti) lattice site in PZT solid-solution. The addition of MnO2 up to 0.5wt% in Pb(Zr0.52 Ti0.48)O3 brings increase of density, but decreased of grain size and tetragonality. Dielectric constant slightly decreases, but both coupling factor(Kp) and mechanical quality factor(Qm) increase with the addition of MnO2. However, excess amount of MnO2 addition more than 0.75wt% results in rapid decrease of resistance. Dielectric constant and tan $\delta$ increase due to the second phase and inhomogeneous Mn distribution.