• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2018

We propose to use independent component analysis (ICA) and deep neural network (DNN) to detect music sections in broadcast drama contents. Drama contents mainly comprise silence, noise, speech, music, and mixed (speech+music) sections. The silence section is detected by signal activity detection. To detect the music section, we train noise, speech, music, and mixed models with DNN. In computer experiments, we used the MUSAN corpus for training the acoustic model, and conducted an experiment using 3 hours' worth of Korean drama contents. As the mixed section includes music signals, it was regarded as a music section. The segmentation error rate (SER) of music section detection was observed to be 19.0%. In addition, when stereo mixed signals were separated into music signals using ICA, the SER was reduced to 11.8%.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a watermarking technology for a mixed music. The mixed music means recreated music that contained a number of musics in one audio clip. Royalty associated with the audio content is typically imposed by the full audio content. However, the calculation of royalties gives rise to conflict between copyright holders and users in the mixed music because it uses not full audio content but a fraction of that. To solve the conflict related with the mixed music, we propose a audio watermarking technique that inserts different watermarks for each audio in the audio that make up the mixed music. The proposed watermarking scheme might have poor SNR (signal to noise ratio) to embed to each audio clip. To overcome poor SNR problem, we used inaudible pseudo random sequence which modifies typical pseudo random sequence to canonical signed digit (CSD) form. The proposed method verifies the performance by each watermark extraction and the time internal estimation valies from the mixed music.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.35
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• pp.61-92
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• 2017

During the Japanese colonial era, traditional music performances were gradually diminishing and weakening in the particular condition of colonization. Meanwhile, from the time of enlightenment, Western genre performances were becoming vitalized with the influence of Western civilization that began to be spread steadily throughout the society. In that situation, traditional music performances tended to be mixed performances accompanied by Western ones, not independent performances. Mostly, they were accompanied by Western music, and also, they were performed along with other genres like plays, lectures, movies, dances, or magic, too. Such form of mixed performances accompanied by Western genres became even more vitalized in the 1920's and came to be positioned as a form of traditional music performances. Therefore, research on the forms of mixed performances between Western genres and traditional music is meaningful in examining the forms of traditional music performances that have not been studied in the history of Korean modern music and understanding the trends of traditional music performances which were generally found in the Japanese colonial era. However, such research has hardly been conducted concretely yet. Accordingly, concerning the forms of mixed performances between Western genres and traditional music in the 1920's, this author considered the background of vitalizing mixed performances between Western genres and traditional music mainly with newspaper articles of the time and their formal characteristics. Regarding the background of vitalizing the forms of mixed performances between Western genres and traditional music, from the 1920's, the forms of mixed performances between Western genres and traditional music became more vitalized than before. The causes of that may include the increase of groups hosting or sponsoring such performances from the 1920's and also the dramatic increase of such performances in general. Moreover, the increased performances were conducted in the forms of mixed performances mainly in order to satisfy the people's needs becoming diversified with the distribution of Western civilization. Concerning the formal characteristics of mixed performances between Western genres and traditional music, this researcher classified western genres performed with traditional music and examined what characteristics were found in such mixed performances of tradition music by the types of Western genres respectively. First, in the mixed performances type of western-type genre and traditional music, the number of programs for the western music had significant portion in general, and there were certain ensemble of the western music and traditional musical instrument that was rare at this period of time, and it also had the characteristics of classifying two genres to perform for each title or date. Second, in the mixed performances type of the drama and traditional music, the traditional music is directly participated in the drama with the similar type to the theater, or performed independently from the drama with the role of interlude performance for the stage conversion of the drama to have the characteristics of performing in audience publicity or entertainment. Third, in the mixed performances type of the lecture and traditional music, the traditional music is played before or after the lecture to play the role to set the atmosphere and entertainment for the lecture as displaying the feature to perform for the audience attraction. And, fourth, in the mixed performances type of the movie and traditional music, the traditional music sometimes directly participated in the movie or had the features of independent performance, and there was a characteristic to perform for the entertainment after showing a movie.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.3-11
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• 2011

The sound of digital media would be able to perform communication by stimulating body's senses. Because the sound stimuli could arouse a person into the physiological excitement and sensitivity, which appear as the changes of heartbeat, blood pressure, brain waves(EEG) signals. In this paper, we would like to examine whether the game music mixed with relaxing white noises has an effect to relax game player or not through the EEG changes of game players. For the experiment, we divided game players into group A that plays game while hearing game music mixed with white noises, and group B that plays game while hearing game music not mixed. And we measured the EEG changes of the prefrontal lobe between two groups. The result shows that the game music mixed with white noises has an relaxing effect for the left brain, but fall short of the expectations for the right brain. It would be a basic research which will contribute to the development of serious games for psychotherapy using relaxing white noises.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.510-517
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• 2016

Recent developments in the field of separation of mixed signals into music/voice components have attracted the attention of many researchers. Recently, iterative kernel back-fitting, also known as kernel additive modeling, was proposed to achieve good results for music/voice separation. To obtain minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimates of short-time Fourier transforms of sources, generalized spatial Wiener filtering (GW) is typically used. In this paper, we propose an advanced music/voice separation method that utilizes a generalized weighted ${\beta}$-order MMSE estimation (WbE) based on iterative kernel back-fitting (KBF). In the proposed method, WbE is used for the step of mixed music signal separation, while KBF permits kernel spectrogram model fitting at each iteration. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better separation performance than GW and existing Bayesian estimators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.119-135
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine formative aesthetic characteristics and aesthetical value of the intraculturalism expressed in contemporary fashion and to confirm the functions of intraculturalism to establish, visualize, perform the racially indeterminate, ethnically neutral, culturally diverse or ambiguous identity. For this study, the applications of the intraculturalism shown in mass media and consumer culture, such as music, fashion advertisements and collections of high fashion designers from 2004 to 2008 have been analyzed and compared. The results were as follows: The Intraculturalism is reflected in the muticultural music such as Afropean, Jawaiian, Reggaeton and Asian Hip Hop. Intracultural music genres create the hybrid music and fashion culture through mixing, matching and blending one and another culture. Advertisement campaigns for Louis Vuitton, YSL Beauty, Gap and H&M stores have all purposely highlighted models with mixed racial heritage. It is reflected in the latest youth fashion market trend using face that are ethnically ambiguous. The increasingly multiracial, multicultural population is due to intermarriage and waves of immigration. The rising mixed race designers, Narciso Rodriguez, Hussein Chalayan, Vera Wang and DooRi Chung, not only compromise and amalgamate different cultural elements of their heritage and contemporary life but also create new look and fashion image. The characteristics of intraculturalism expressed in the 21st century fashion could categorized into de-genre, de-nationality, de-race and de-culture.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated longitudinal music perception of adult cochlear implant (CI) users and how acoustic stimulation with CI affects their music performance. A total of 163 participants' data were analyzed retrospectively. 96 participants were using acoustic stimulation with CI and 67 participants were using electrical stimulation only via CI. The music performance (melody identification, appreciation, and satisfaction) data were collected pre-implantation, 1-year, and 2-year post-implantation. Mixed repeated measures of ANOVA and pairwise analysis adjusted by Tukey were used for the statistics. As result, in both groups, there were significant improvements in melody identification, music appreciation, and music satisfaction at 1-year, and 2-year post-implantation than a pre-implantation, but there was no significant difference between 1 and 2 years in any of the variables. Also, the group of acoustic stimulation with CI showed better perception skill of melody identification than the CI-only group. However, no differences found in music appreciation and satisfaction between the two groups, and possible explanations were discussed. In conclusion, acoustic and/or electrical hearing devices benefit the recipients in music performance over time. Although acoustic stimulation accompanied with electrical stimulation could benefit the recipients in terms of listening skills, those benefits may not extend to the subjective acceptance of music. These results suggest the need for improved sound processing mechanisms and music rehabilitation.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

This paper estimate a desired signal in a correlation wireless communication. The transmitted signal is mixed with the information signal, interference, and noise in wireless channel, and it is incident on the receiver. In this paper, we apply MUSIC algorithm and sub-array method to recover the total rank of the correlation matrix in order to estimation a desired signal among receiving signals. Through simulation, we analyze to compare the proposed method with the classical MUSIC algorithm. As a result of the simulation, the proposed method improved the resolution about 10degrees compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm. We prove the superiority of the proposed method for the desired signal estimation in correlation channel.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

As for the generally preferred sound sources used in the test, the sound of water and the birds chirping were highly valued. And they have found that preference of the subject is increased if background music which mixed well with the sound sources were provided together. On the other hand, the sound sources of low satisfaction were judged at be church bells, bell of Emile, and fulling cloth, which not mix well with interior landscaping. If the physical elements of interior landscaping were equally composed, it has found that the larger were a of water space is, the higher satisfaction more than other sound sources. Average satisfaction of background sound in interior landscaping classified according to the characteristics of space has found that satisfaction of the birds chirping and music in working space and satisfaction of water sound and music in commercial space were high. Women judged that satisfaction of the birds chirping and music in working space and satisfaction of water sound and music in commercial space whose values were the same with the average ones were high, while men judged that satisfaction of the song of birds and music in working and commercial space is high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to study the formative characteristics and symbolism shown in Rock stars' hairstyles through rock music to have influenced youth culture. There were a D.A style and a mop top style which included the youth characteristic to seek a new desire and value as the hairstyles of Rock & Roll stars, along with the characteristics of Rock & Roll music to represent the feeling of teenagers in 1950's at that time unlike the previous music due to high beats mixed with Rhythm & Blues (R & B) and Country music, and use of electronic guitars. We can see the desire for challenge and freedom against the then present regime, shouting love and peace, and resistance in the Psychedelic Rock music stars' hairstyle, which are untrimmed and disheveled, that is, natural. We can find explosiveness in Mohican and Spike style of Punk Rock stars playing fierce and aggressive music, along with words including indignation and assertion against the society's regime. The Artistic characteristic is implied in the following hairstyles: Glam Rock stars' hairstyle, a man's long-haired but a little long crew-cut style to reduce the bulky feeling and to give a bisexual, visible shock with hair dyed in orange to emphasize magnificence, and Punk Rock stars' hairstyle showing beauty in their own way with expression of anti-beauty to intentionally look ugly. Like this, the 20th Century's Rock music and youth culture are closely associated each other, and showed a new style, and played a leading role in street fashion, which became a momentum to much influence high fashion as a look of the 20th century modern fashion.