• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.259-264
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• 2003

This paper suggests a material mixing method to mix several materials in a structure. This method is based on ESO(Evolutionary Structural Optimization), which has been used to optimize topology of only one material structure. In this study, two criterions for material transformation and element removal are implemented for mixing several materials in a structure. Optimal topology for a multiple material structure can be obtained through repetitive application of the two criterions at each iteration. Two practical design examples of a short cantilever are presented to illustrate validity of the suggested material mixing method. It is found that the suggested method works very well and a multiple material structure has more stiffness than one material structure has under the same mass.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.27-30
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• 2004

The objectives of the present study is to solve problems in PC tile before-fixing method using ordinary concrete by adopting the liquefaction method in manufacturing PC to which the tile before-fixing method is applied, and to provide basic information for the practical use of the PC tile before-fixing method, which uses high workable concrete, through manufacturing a complex body based on the optimal mix proportion,

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1999

The major object of this study is to investigate experimentally the experimental equation by the non-destructive testing methods of ultrasonic pulse velocity, rebound number, combined method of ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound number, maturity which are applicable to the evaluation of compressive strength of concrete at early ages. Also test result of mix are statistically analyzed to infer the correlation coefficient between the maturity and the compressive strength of concrete. The results show good application of Logistic curve for estimating strength development under various curing temperature. The relation between ultrasonic pulse velocity, rebound number, combined method of ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound number and compressive strength of concrete have low correlation coefficient, but maturity method show good correlation coefficient.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2011

소입경 골재노출콘크리트포장은 콘크리트 포장 시공 시 포장표면에 적정 응결지연제를 분사한 후 표면 모르타르를 제거하여 굵은 골재를 노출시킴으로서 표면조직을 형성하는 공법으로써 기존 콘크리트 포장의 소음문제를 해결할 수 있는 저소음 공법이다. 소입경 골재노출 콘크리트 포장은 강도를 크게 개선할 뿐만 아니라 소음저감 효과 및 우수한 미끄럼 저항성을 확보하여 도로이용자의 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 공법이다. 현재 국외 도로 선진국의 경우 골재노출 포장의 상용화가 이루어진 상태이지만 국내의 경우는 실용화 초기단계이기 때문에 현장적용을 위해서는 국내 여건에 맞는 합리적인 관리 기준이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 소입경 골재노출 콘크리트 포장의 최적배합 및 노출기법 연구, 굵은 골재의 선정 및 입도 설계, 환경하중 저항성 평가 등 실내시험을 수행하였으며, 소입경 골재노출 콘크리트 포장의 시공을 위한 시공 장비를 제작하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시험시공을 통해 도출된 결과와 기존 실내시험에서 도출된 결과를 비교 분석하였으며, 시험시공 분석을 통하여 골재 탈리 방지, 강도 및 내구성 확보를 위한 표준배합을 제시하였다. 환경 및 시공조건이 상이한 3차례 시험시공 구간을 선정하여 시공현장여건에 유동성으로 대처할 수 있는 시공 기술 및 시공 기준을 제시하였다. 또한 장 단기 공용성 평가를 통하여 도로 포장의 기능성 측면에서 우수한 소음저감 및 미끄럼 저항성을 확보할 수 있는 노면조직의 품질관리 기준을 제시하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.253-268
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• 2015

This paper investigates the influence of various mix design parameters on the characteristics of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregates and Nano-Silica using Taguchi method. The present study adopts Water-cement ratio, Recycled Coarse Aggregate (%), Maximum cement content and Nano-Silica (%) as factors with each one having three different levels. Using the above mentioned control parameters with levels an Orthogonal Array (OA) matrix experiments of L9 (34) has selected and nine number of concrete mixes has been prepared. Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Tensile Strength, Modulus of Elasticity and Non-Destructive parameters are selected as responses. Experimental results are analyzed and the optimum level for each response is predicted. Analysis of 28 days CS depicts that NS (%) is the most significant factor among all factors. Analysis of the tensile strength results indicates that the effect of control factor W/C ratio is ranked one and then NS (%) is ranked two which suggests that W/C ratio and NS (%) have more influence as compared to other two factors. However, the factor that affects the modulus of elasticity most is found to be RCA (%). Finally, validation experiments have been carried out with the optimal mixture of concrete with Nano-Silica for the desired engineering properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Moreover, the comparative study of the predicted and experimental results concludes that errors between both experimental and predicted values are within the permissible limits. This present study highlights the application of Taguchi method as an efficient tool in determining the effects of constituent materials in mix proportioning of concrete.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 시멘트 생산에 의한 $CO_2$ 배출과 이로 인한 환경 부하를 감소시키기 위해 산업부산물인 고로슬래그 미분말을 활용하여 기존 SCW 공법에 사용되던 시멘트주입재를 친환경 무기결합재로 대체하여 모르타르를 제작하고 친환경 밀크주입재로써 적용이 가능한지를 파악하였다. 본 연구 결과 포틀랜드 시멘트를 사용하지 않은 비소성 시멘트를 이용한 NSB 경화체가 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트 경화체와 비교해 내산성, 내해수성, 압축강도 등이 우수한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 만들어진 친환경 무기결합재 모르타르는 높은 내구성, 내화학성을 요구하는 SCW 공법과 같은 흙막이벽, 해양하부구조물 등의 지반재료용 결합재에 적용이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.433-444
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• 2019

As rice husk ash (RHA) is not produced in controlled manufacturing process like cement, its properties vary significantly even within the same lot. In fact, properties of Rice Husk Ash Based Concrete (RHABC) are largely dictated by uncertainty leading to huge deviations from their expected values. This paper proposes a Robust Cost Optimization (RCO) procedure for RHABC, which minimizes such unwanted deviation due to uncertainty and provides guarantee of achieving desired strength and workability with least possible cost. The RCO simultaneously minimizes cost of RHABC production and its deviation considering feasibility of attaining desired strength and workability in presence of uncertainty. RHA related properties have been modeled as uncertain-but-bounded type as associated probability density function is not available. Metamodeling technique is adopted in this work for generating explicit expressions of constraint functions required for formulation of RCO. In doing so, the Moving Least Squares Method is explored in place of conventional Least Square Method (LSM) to ensure accuracy of the RCO. The efficiency by the proposed MLSM based RCO is validated by experimental studies. The error by the LSM and accuracy by the MLSM predictions are clearly envisaged from the test results. The experimental results show good agreement with the proposed MLSM based RCO predicted mix properties. The present RCO procedure yields RHABC mixes which is almost insensitive to uncertainty (i.e., robust solution) with nominal deviation from experimental mean values. At the same time, desired reliability of satisfying the constraints is achieved with marginal increment in cost.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2021

High deformable concrete (HDC) elements have compressive strength rates equal to conventional concrete and have got a high compressive strain at about 20% to 50%. These types of concrete elements as prefabricated parts have an abundance of applications in the construction industry which is the most used in the construction of tunnels in squeezing grounds, tunnel passwords from fault zones or swelling soils as soft supports. HDC elements after reaching to compressive yield stress, in nonlinear behavior have hardening combined with increasing strain and compressive strength. The main aim of this laboratory and numerical research is to construct concrete elements with the above properties so the compressive stress-strain behavior of different concrete elements with four categories of mix designs have been discussed and finally one of them has been defined as HDC element mix design. Furthermore, two columns with and without implementing of HDC elements have been made and stress-strain curves of them have been investigated experimentally. An analysis model is presented for columns using finite element method adopted by ABAQUS. The results obtained from the ABAQUS finite element method are compared with experimental data. The main comparison is made for stress-strain curve. The stress-strain curves from the finite element method agree well with experimental results. The results show that the dimension of the HDC samples is significant in the stress-strain behavior. The use of the element greatly increases energy absorption and ductility.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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• pp.262-268
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• 1998

This research is to examine the selected method of optimal mixing proportion and cost analysis in the super flowing concrete. As confined water $ratio($\beta_p$)$ and K is introduced, itis to establish optimal mixing design of super flowing concrete according to the steps of paste, mortar and concrete. From paste and mortar test, it was led to $$\beta_p$$ and $K_p$satisfying the optimum condions depending on the kinds of binders. Then $$\beta_p$$ and $K_p$ is reflected to the mix condition of super flowing concrete. The result of test, the mix condition of super flowing concrete satisfied the quality performance of concrete with adjustment of additional rate of the superplasticizer. Besides, in case of design strength $350kg/\textrm{cm}^2$ of concrete, material cost in super flowing concrete is able to be reduced 5~16% in replacement of fly ash 30% in ordinary portland cement and slag cement.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2005

This paper dealt with a kind of heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with known demand and time deadline of customers. The customers are supposed to have one of tight deadline and loose deadline. The demand of customers with tight deadline must be fulfilled in the deadline. However, the late delivery is allowed to customers with loose deadline. That is, the paper suggests a model to minimize total acquisition cost, total travel distance and total violation time for a fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time deadline, and proposes a heuristic algorithm for the model. The proposed algorithm consists of two phases, i.e. generation of an initial solution and improvement of the current solution. An initial solution is generated based on a modified insertion heuristic and iterative Improvement procedure is accomplished using neighborhood generation methods such as swap and reallocation. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using a well known numerical example.