• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.517-527
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• 2021

While the two principles of lean manufacturing and time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) have been established out of multiple incentives and do not follow the same particular targets, there is substantial commonality between them. In these conditions, the supply management of a multi-product system needs a rigorous production model to minimize costs. In this sense, this paper proposes an interactive model with the consideration of optimizing product-mix decisions using both lean development tools and TDABC. This paper proposes a qualitative approach using the case study of the Iraqi state company for battery production. The suggested model decreased manufacturing time and costs, along with some substantial reduction in idle production capacity by 26 percent in 2019, based on the findings of the case study. On the other hand, the proposed model gives two side advantages: an efficient division of costs on goods due to the use of time spent as a cost factor for products and cost savings due to the introduction of the lean manufacturing approach that reduces all additional costs and increases product-mix decisions. Furthermore, the analytical data gathered here suggests that the incorporation of lean management concepts and TDABC has a strong and important influence on product-mix decisions.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.3018-3030
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• 1973

이 연구는 해수작용에 대한 콘크리트의 내구성시험의 일환으로 각종 배합설계의 콘크리트에 대하여 1년간 실내에서 해수에 침지하여 압축강도와 부식율을 규명하고저 시도하였다. 각종 콘크리트의 배합설계에 있어서 보통시멘트만을 사용한 것, 혼화제로서 후라이애쉬, 포조리스, 빈솔레진 등을 각각 보통시멘트에 사용한 것, 그리고 포조란 시멘트만을 사용한 것 등으로 구분하고 각 콘크리트 공시체는 K.S 규정에 준하여 만들어 재령 7일 및 28일 양생하였다. 그리고 압축강도시험은 수중과 해수에 각각 1년간 침지한 것에 대하여 강도를 측정하고 부식율시험은 해수중에 1년간 침지한 것에 대하여 부식율을 측정하였다. 이와같은 콘크리트의 압축강도시험과 부식율 시험에 대한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 압축강도에 있어서 보통콘크리트는 수중이나 해수중에 다 같이 다른 콘크리트의 강도보다 낮으므로 포조란시멘트나 혼화제인 후라이애쉬, 포조리스. 빈솔레진은 각각 그 효과가 인정되었다. (2) 포조란시멘트는 수중에서 강도가 다른 콘크리트보다 가장 높았으나 해수중에서는 후라이애쉬보다 낮은 강도를 나타내었다. 따라서 포조란시멘트는 해수중에서 보다 수중에서 강도상 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. (3) 후라이애쉬는 수중에서와 해수중에서 다 같이 장기강도에 있어서 높은 강도를 갖인 특성이 있다는 것을 나타내었고, 수중에서는 포조란시멘트에 비하여 강도가 낮었으나 해수중에서는 오히려 포조란 시멘트의 강도를 능가하고 있어 해수중에서는 포조란 시멘트보다 강도상 더욱 그 효과가 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. (4) 포조리스는 후라이애쉬와 포조란시멘트에 비해서 그 효과가 떨어지나 빈솔레진에 비해서는 강도상에 있어서 항상 그 효과가 인정되공 있다. (5) 빈솔레진은 포조란시멘트나 혼화제중에서 강도상 가장 그 효과가 낮으나 보통콘크리트에 비하면 그 효과는 수중이나 해수중에서 다 같이 인정되고 있다. (6) 콘크리트의 압축강와 흡수율과의 관계는 후라이애쉬를 제외하면 다른 재령에서와 같이 흡수율이 적을수록 압축강도는 증가되며 회기직선관계가 성립되었다. 그러나 후라이애쉬는 장기강도에서 그 특징이 현저히 나타나고 있어 다른 콘크리트의 흡수율에 비하여 현저히 높은 강도를 나타내고 있다. (7) 부식율에 있어서는 1년간 해수작용을 받었을 때 각 콘크리트의 유의적인 부식율이 인정될 수 없으며 외관상에서도 부식현상을 식별할 수 없었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.66-76
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• 2001

Recently the use of the antiwashout underwater concrete with the antiwashout admixture is increased considerably. Antiwashout underwater concrete is quite different in concept from conventional underwater concrete. By mixing an antiwashout admixture with concrete, the viscosity of the concrete is increased and its resistance to segregation under the washing action of water is enhanced. The aims of this research is statistically evaluated to mix proportion factor of antiwashout underwater concrete. Experiment was performed to analyze the influence variables(cement, water, and antiwashout admixture) on fundamental characteristics of antiwashout underwater concrete. The influence variables can be considered for use in a wide range of underwater work where their have statistically significant effect on the characteristics(fluidity, filling ability, resistance to washout, etc.) of antiwashout underwater concrete.

• 복식
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2013

Dries Van Noten, one of the Antwerp Six, focused on recreating traditional attire from each region to complex contemporary attire and has shown designs that interpreted ethnic image in contemporary perspective from his very first collection. He has positioned himself as a designer with creative expression of ethnic image through broad use of various patterns. This paper analyze the use of pattern in Dries Van Noten's designs by season and item, and reflects on the characteristics of pattern use and influence on fashion image. Total of 887 clothing items were collected from Noten's collections on the Internet. Through analysis of frequency and percentage and cross tab of expression techniques, types, patterns of each motif, and classifications of print combinations, it was shown that Noten has applied six aesthetic rules in the use of pattern design. Pattern played the most significant role in his design. It was possible to achieve the balance of ethnic image and modern image with the mix of flower and abstract motives. Overall pattern was mostly used for practical purpose: border patterns and spaced patterns played a vital role in rendering uniqueness. Noten exhibited unity and variation in combining prints. He expressed the beauty of Oriental style by inserting solid color blocks in between patterns and decorations along trim lines.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2018

The use of recycled aggregate in concrete is gaining much attention due to the growing need for sustainability in construction. In the present study, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is made using both natural and recycled aggregate (crushed recycled concrete aggregate from building demolished waste) and performance of recycled aggregate based SCC for the bond behaviour of reinforcement is evaluated. The major factors that influence the bond like concrete compressive strength (Mix-A, B and C), diameter of bar ($D_b=10$, 12 and 16 mm) and embedment length of bar ($L_d=2.5Db$, $5D_b$ and full depth of specimen) are the parameters considered in the present study in addition to type of aggregates (natural and recycled aggregates). The mix proportions of Natural Aggregate SCC (NASCC) are arrived based on the specifications of IS 10262. The mix proportions also satisfy the guidelines of EFNARC. In case of Recycled Aggregate SCC (RASCC), both the natural coarse and fine aggregates are replaced 100% by volume with that of recycled aggregates. These mixes are also evaluated for fresh properties as per EFNARC. The hardened properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are also determined. The pull-out test is conducted as per the specifications of IS 2770 (Part-1) for determining the bond strength of reinforcement. Bond stress versus slip curves were plotted and a typical comparison of RASCC is made with NASCC. The fracture energy i.e., area under the bond stress slip curve is determined. With the use of recycled aggregates, reduction in maximum bond stress is noticed whereas, the normalised maximum bond stress is higher in case of recycled aggregates. Based on the experimental results, regression analysis is conducted and an equation is proposed to predict the maximum bond stress of RASCC. The equation is in good agreement with the experimental results. The available models in the literature are made use to predict the maximum bond stress and compare the present results.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2006

최근에는 주 5일 근무제도, 공기단축형 입찰제도의 도입, 후분양제도의 도입 등의 제도적 변화로 건설공사의 성공적 수행에 중대한 영향을 미치는 공사기간에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 또한 건설시장의 축소와 최저가 입찰제도하에서 건설수주 경쟁은 더욱 치열해짐에 따라 적정 공사기간의 산정과 예측은 매우 중요하다. 이러한 공사기간에 대한 중요성을 인지하고 공사기간을 비교 분석하거나 예측하고자 하는 연구들이 진행되었다. 국내에서 공사기간의 비교연구는 공동주택과 사무소 건축에 국한되었고 국외에서는 통계적 분석과 시뮬레이션을 통한 공사기간의 예측에 대한 연구가 많이 수행된 반면, 건물에 대한 수요의 변화로 발생된 주상복합건물과 오피스텔건물에 대한 공사기간의 실제 사례비교에 대한 연구는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 건설사들의 주상복합 및 오피스텔 건물의 실적공기와 가상사례를 활용하여 공사기간을 비교 분석한 후 공기 경쟁력 확보를 위한 공사단계 별 대응현황을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The study objective was to evaluate rheology and physical properties of SBS-modified warm-mix asphalt (WMA) binders in comparison with hot-mix asphalt (HMA) binders. METHODS : Four different SBS polymers were used to prepare polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) binders, and three different warm-mix additives (WAD) were used to prepare a total of 12 WMA PMA binders. The kinematic viscosity was measured at 115, $135^{\circ}C$. The PG was determined using DSR and BBR. The pass/fail (P/F) temperatures for high and low PG grading were evaluated for HMA PMA and WMA PMA binders. RESULTS : PG 76-22 binders could be prepared by modifying the base binder (PG 64-22) using 4.5 wt% of SBS. The kinematic viscosity (KV) of SBS PMA was increased by 3 times higher than that of base asphalt. The SBS PMA with WAD showed 10% lower KV than that of the normal SBS PMA at $115^{\circ}C$ The high P/F temperatures showed almost no difference between HMA PMA and WMA PMA binders. The high P/F temperature showed very high correlations with KV ($R^2$ > 0.97). The result of SBS modification caused increase of low P/F temperature by $2.7^{\circ}C$ on average. CONCLUSIONS : Since the PMA with WAD showed 10% lower KV than normal (HMA) PMA at $115^{\circ}C$, reducing PMA mixture temperature down to a WMA level was possible in this study. The higher KV binders showed the higher P/F temperature. There was almost no change in high P/F temperature due to the use of WAD. The SBS PMA, showing an increased low P/F temperature, might show somewhat poorer performance at low-temperature, even though the lower PG grade was staying at the same level, i.e., $-22^{\circ}C$.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The main distress of asphalt pavements in monsoon climate regions are caused by water damage and plastic deformation due to repeated rain season and increased heavy vehicle traffic volume. In this study, the mechanical properties of polymer-modified warm mix asphalt (PWMA) materials are evaluated to use in monsoon climate regions such as Indonesia. METHODS : Comprehensive laboratory tests are conducted to evaluate moisture resistance and permanent deformation resistance for three different asphalt mixtures such as the Indonesian conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture, the polymer-modified asphalt mixture, and the polymer-modified warm mix asphalt (PWMA) mixture. Dynamic immersion test and indirect tensile strength ratio test are performed to evaluate moisture resistance. The wheel tracking test is performed to evaluate rutting resistance. Additionally, the Hamburg wheel tracking test is performed to evaluate rutting and moisture resistances simultaneously. RESULTS :The dynamic immersion test results indicate that the PWMA mixture shows the highest resistance to moisture. The indirect tensile strength ratio test indicates that TSR values of PWMA mixture, Indonesian PMA mixture, and Indonesian HMA mixture show 87.2%, 84.1%, and 67.9%, respectively. The wheel tracking test results indicate that the PWMA mixture is found to be more resistant to plastic deformation than the Indonesian PMA. The dynamic stability values are 2,739 times/mm and 3,150 times/mm, respectively. Moreover, the Hamburg wheel tracking test results indicate that PWMA mixture is more resistant to plastic deformation than Indonesian PMA and HMA mixtures. CONCLUSIONS :Based on limited laboratory test results, it is concluded that rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility of the PWMA mixture is superior to Indonesian HMA and Indonesian PMA mixtures. It is postulated that PWMA mixture would be suitable for climate and traffic conditions in Indonesia.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.10.1-10.11
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• 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess coronal discoloration induced by the following intracanal medicaments: calcium hydroxide (CH), a mixture of CH paste and chlorhexidine gel (CH/CHX), and triple antibiotic paste (3Mix). Materials and Methods: Seventy extracted single-canal teeth were selected. Access cavities were prepared and each canal was instrumented with a rotary ProTaper system. The specimens were randomly assigned to CH, CH/CHX, and 3Mix paste experimental groups (n = 20 each) or a control group (n = 10). Each experimental group was randomly divided into 2 subgroups (A and B). In subgroup A, medicaments were only applied to the root canals, while in subgroup B, the root canals were completely filled with medicaments and a cotton pellet dipped in medicament was also placed in the pulp chamber. Spectrophotometric readings were obtained from the mid-buccal surface of the tooth crowns immediately after placing the medicaments (T1) and at 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), and 3 months (T4) after filling. The ${\Delta}E$ was then calculated. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), 3-way ANOVA, and the $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post hoc test. Results: The greatest color change (${\Delta}E$) was observed at 3 months (p < 0.0001) and in 3Mix subgroup B (p = 0.0057). No significant color change occurred in the CH (p = 0.7865) or CH/CHX (p = 0.1367) groups over time, but the 3Mix group showed a significant ${\Delta}E$ (p = 0.0164). Conclusion: Intracanal medicaments may induce tooth discoloration. Use of 3Mix must be short and it must be carefully applied only to the root canals; the access cavity should be thoroughly cleaned afterwards.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.710-718
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• 2011

The effects of organic acids mix (0.4%) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the storage quality of sliced bacon were investigated. Pork bellies were treated with or without organic acids at the curing stage. The organic acids mix comprised 35% sodium acetate, 25% salt, 15% calcium lactate, 11% trisodium citrate, 7% ascorbate, and 7% citric acid. The cured pork bellies were smoked and packaged with 50% $CO_2$ + 50% $N_2$ (50% $CO_2$-MAP) and 100% $N_2$ (100% $N_2$-MAP), and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 14 d. The 50% $CO_2$-MAP showed a higher pH value (p<0.05) up to 10 d, a lower protein deterioration (p<0.05) as measured by volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) from 6 to 14 d, and a higher color value of lightness (CIE $L^*$) compared to 100% $N_2$-MAP. The development of lipid oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values seemed to be effectively controlled throughout the storage period in both 50% $CO_2$-MAP and 100% $N_2$-MAP regardless of the application of organic acids. The 50% $CO_2$-MAP inhibited the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (p<0.05) both in non-added and bacon added with organic acids mix. The 50% $CO_2$-MAP alone seemed to be effective in delaying the growth of bacteria since the use of organic acids mix gave no additional effects. The addition of organic acids mix lowered the pH value (p<0.05), effectively retarded the protein deterioration (p<0.05), and showed a higher color value of lightness (CIE $L^*$) value (p<0.05) and lower color value of redness (CIE $a^*$) value (p<0.05). In conclusion, 50% $CO^2$-MAP showed better quality and self-life of sliced bacon during storage. However, the beneficial effect of organic acids mix was not noticed in the concentration used in this experiment.