• 생태와환경
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2019

섬진강 수계에 서식하는 누치(Hemibarbus labeo)의 미토콘드리아 DNA에서 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI) 유전자를 발굴하고 누치속 Hemibarbus 및 잉어과(Cyprinidae) 내 계통유전학적인 위치를 확인하는 연구를 수행하였다. 발굴된 577 bp COI 시컨스의 다중배열 결과 섬진강산 누치들의 높은 염기서열 상동성을 보였다(99~100%). 우리나라에서 발견되는 누치속 3종에서 누치(H. labeo: HD1)와 어름치(H. mylodon)의 염기서열 유사성은 88.91%, 참마자 (H. longirostis)와는 88.81%이었다. 또한, H. maculatus, H. meditus, H. umbrifer, H. barbus는 각각 누치와의 염기서열 유사성이 98.97%, 97.20%, 96.87%, 98.85% 등으로 나타났다. 누치속 7종의 계통유전학적 분석결과 섬진강산 누치(H. labeo)들은 두개의 단계통 (clade)을 형성하는데 하나는 하동, 임실, 강진, 순창의 섬진강 누치들로만 이루어진 단계통, 다른 하나는 하동의 HD2, HD8, HD9와 국내 부산, 아산, 서울 등에서 채집 보고된 누치들과 단계통을 형성하였다. 잉어과 내 섬진강산누치(HD1)의 계통진화적 위치는 피라미(Zacco platypus)와는 진화적 거리가 0.143, 누치속 H. maculatus와는 0.006으로 나타났다. 또한 잉어과 28종 내 계통유전학적 위치는 모래무지아과(Gobioninae) 어류들이 포함된 그룹 I에 섬진강산 누치가 위치함을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 누치를 포함하는 잉어과 내 어류의 계통유전학적 비교와 환경오염에 따른 담수환경 모니터링을 위한 모델어류의 발굴연구에 주요한 유전적 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.185-202
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• 2013

In this study, we present the nearly complete mitogenome sequences of the garden chafer, Polyphylla laticollis manchurica, which is listed as an endangered species in Korea. The P. l. manchurica mitogenome, which includes unfinished whole A+T-rich region and a partial srRNA was 14,473-bp long, possessing typical sets of genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes). Gene arrangement of the P. l. manchurica mitogenome was identical to the common one found in the majority of insects. The 5 bp-long motif sequence (TAGTA) that has been suggested to be the possible binding site for the transcription termination peptide for the major-strand was also found in the P. l. manchurica mitogenome between $tRNA^{Ser}$(UCN) and ND1. The start codon for COI gene and ATPase8 was designated as a typical TTG. All tRNAs of the P. l. manchurica showed a stable canonical clover-leaf structure of other mt tRNAs, except for $tRNA^{Ser}$(AGN), DHU arm of which could not form stable stemloop structure. As has been previously determined, the high A/T content was unanimously observed in P. l. manchurica in terms of A/T bias in the third codon position (73.5%) compared with the first (66.4%) and second codon position (66.2%). The PCGs encoded in major-strands are slightly T-skewed, whereas those of the minor-strand are A-skewed, indicating strand asymmetry in nucleotide composition in the Coleoptera including P. l. manchurica.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

The large bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, indigenous to Europe and used extensively for high-value crop pollination, has been artificially introduced in several parts of the world. Here we show the interspecific hybridization between bumblebee species, B. terrestris and B. ignitus, under laboratory conditions. The mating and oviposition percentages of the interspecific hybridization of a B. terrestris queen with a B. ignitus male were higher than those of the intraspecific mating of B. ignitus. Furthermore, the competitive copulation experiment indicated that the mating of B. ignitus males with B. terrestris queens was 1.8-fold more frequent than with B. ignitus queens. The interspecific hybridization of a B. ignitus queen with a B. terrestris male produced either B. ignitus workers or the B. ignitus male phenotype, and the hybridization of a B. terrestris queen with a B. ignitus male produced B. terrestris males. Genetic tests using a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene for the parent and hybrid phenotypes indicated that mitochondrial DNA in the interspecific hybridization was maternally inherited. Our results indicated that interspecific hybridization occurred between B. ignitus and B. terrestris, which suggests that the hybridization will have a negative impact of competition and genetic pollution of native bumblebees.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

The mole crickets, Gryllotalpa, are insect pest distributed in the world. In Korea, G. orientalis was reported to occur, but previous ecological studies suggested the presence of two ecological types. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced a portion of mitochondrial (mt) genome from 48 G. orientali individuals collected over five Korean localities: Busan, Suwon, Okchon, Wonju, and Gangneung. From the sequence analysis, only two haplotypes were obtained, but the sequence divergence between the two haplotypes was 11 %, suggesting the presence of two distinct genetic groups in Korea. Although the population of Busan, Okchon, Wonju, and Gangneung was identified as a single haplotype, but that of Suwon was occupied by both hapotypes. Considering sequence divergence of other insect species occurring in Korea, the divergence estimate found between the two haplotypes seems to be too large to be considered as identical species. This result may suggest that the two differentiated haplotypes found in this study may reflect the previously reported two ecological types found in Suwon, Korea. To further understand the genetic divergence of the two phylogenetic groups, analysis of more variable regions of G. orientalis genome is required.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2020

열대 및 아열대 아메리카 지역이 원산지인 열대거세미나방(신칭; Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797))은 최근 전세계적에서 돌발적으로 문제가 되고 있는 농업 해충이다. 높은 비행능력을 가진 열대거세미나방은 2016년 아프리카를 시작으로 2018년 인도, 2019년 동남아시아에서 발견되어 확산 속도가 매우 빠르다. 한국에서 열대거세나방은 2019년 6월 13일 제주도 옥수수 재배 농가포장에서 처음 발견되었고, 그 후 2019년 7월 초까지 전라도, 경상남도의 여러 시/군에서 추가로 발견되었다. 한국에서 최초 침입집단을 미토콘드리아 COI유전자를 이용하여 열대거세미나방임을 유전적으로 동정하였고, 서로 다른 분기군에 속하는 2개의 haplotypes(hap-1, hap-2)으로 구성됨을 확인하였다. 분석된31개의 COI 염기서열 중 hap-1 이 93.5%로 우점하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2021

국내 유통되고 있는 새우젓은 다양한 작은 새우의 집합체로, 최근 어획량 감소로 인해 국내산 새우젓의 경우 수입산에 비해 두배 이상 높은 가격에 거래되고 있으며, 이에 중국 및 베트남 등으로부터 수입된 새우젓이 국내산으로 둔갑되어 판매되는 사례가 빈번하게 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 새우젓 Acetes japonicus, A. chinensis (Korea, China), A. indicus (I, II), Palaemon gravieri 6종류에 대하여 PCR-RFLP 마커를 개발하였다. 새우젓에서 에탄올로 염을 제거한 후 gDNA를 추출하였고, 새우젓 COI 유전자의 특이 프라이머를 제작, PCR을 진행하여 519 bp의 증폭시켰다. 증폭된 PCR산물의 염기서열분석을 토대로 Acc I, Hinf I 두 가지의 제한효소를 마커로 선정하였고, 전기영동을 통해 결과를 확인하였다. Acc I을 처리한 결과, A. japonicus, A. chinensis (Korea), A. indicus (II)는 272, 247 bp로, P. gravieri는 271, 202, 46 bp, A. chinensis (China), A. indicus (I)는 519 bp로 band를 형성하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Hinf I을 처리한 결과로는 A. chinensis (Korea, China), P. gravieri는 519 bp로 잘리지 않은 것을 확인한 반면, A. japonicus와 A. indicus (I)는 2 band, A. indicus (II)는 3 band를 형성하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 위의 결과는 국내산과 수입산이 혼합되어있는 새우젓에 있어 보다 신속한 종판별을 할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2020

본 연구는 예전부터 혼란스러웠던 한국산 대주둥치속, Macroramphosus 어류의 분류학적 위치를 명확히 하기 위해, 한국산 18개체를 일본/대만산 35개체 및 지중해산 M. scolopax와 형태 및 분자 변이를 비교 분석하였다. 한국, 일본 및 대만산 대주둥치속 어류는 제1등지느러미 극조 길이(A-type은 22.8~32.1%, B-type은 15.6~21.4%), 제1등지느러미와 제2등지느러미 사이 길이(A-type은 6.4~9.7%, B-type은 8.6~13.3%), 체고(A-type은 20.0~28.0%, B-type은 17.3~22.6%)에서 두 type으로 명확히 구분되었으나, 유전적으로는 구분되지 않았다(CR에서 0.0~3.3%, cyt b에서 0.0~1.3%, COI에서 0.0~0.5%). 한편, 한국산 대주둥치는 지중해산 M. scolopax와 유전적으로 명확히 구분되어(CR에서 9.9~11.5%, cyt b에서 3.8~4.6%, COI에서 1.2~3.6%), 최근 사용하고 있는 학명 M. scolopax를 M. japonicus (및/또는 M. sagifue)로 변경해야 할 것이다. 그러나, 본 연구에서 두 type 간 형태변이와 분자변이 간 일치성을 찾지 못했으며, 이는 아마도 그들간에 분화가 상당히 최근에 일어났음을 시사한다. 두 type 간 유전자 교류 정도를 파악하려면 향후 microsatellite와 같은 보다 민감한 마커를 이용한 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2019

Pufferfish (Takifugu spp.) are economically important edible marine fish. Mistakes in pufferfish classification can lead to poisoning; therefore, accurate species identification is critical. In this study, we used the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) to design specific primers for six Takifugu species among the 21 domestic or imported pufferfish species legally sold for consumption in Korea. We rapidly and simultaneously identified these pufferfish species using a highly efficient, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system with the six species-specific primers. The results showed that species-specific multiplex PCR (multiplex species-specific polymerase chain reaction; MSS-PCR) either specifically amplified PCR products of a unique size or failed. MSS-PCR yielded amplification fragment lengths of 897 bp for Takifugu pardalis, 822 bp for T. porphyreus, 667 bp for T. niphobles, 454 bp for T. poecilonotus, 366 bp for T. rubripes, and 230 bp for T. xanthpterus using the species-specific primers and a control primer (ca. 1,200 bp). We visualized the results using agarose gel electrophoresis to obtain accurate contrasts of the six Takifugu species. MSS-PCR analysis is easily performed and provides identification results within 6 h. This technique is a powerful tool for the discrimination of Takifugu species and will help prevent falsified labeling, protect consumer rights, and reduce the risk of pufferfish poisoning..

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

This research was performed in order to investigate the origin, standard compound, and structural and physical properties of honeybee venom which used as natural antibiotic ingredients to animal. We compared the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) of honeybees were collected from Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam province and Suwon. As major constituent of honeybee venom, melittin was assayed by liquid chromatography. X-ray, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were utilized to examine the structural and physical properties of honeybee venom. Based on the 627bp sequence of COI, Apis mellifera ligustica was determinated honeybees collected from all six regions. Melittin content varied from 50.7 to 68.6 and averaged 59.8%. According to XRD analysis, honeybee venom showed regular crystal structure peaks at $2{\Theta}=8.5^{\circ}$ and $21.5^{\circ}$. DSC showed that the maximum degration temperature of powder was around $230^{\circ}C$. Through FT-IR analysis, we could identify cross-linking by the presence of peptide peak at 1,500~1,600 $cm^{-1}$. In conclusion, the origin of honeybee venom was Apis mellifera ligustica and effective ingredient standards was melittin content varied from 50.7 to 68.6 as natural antibiotic ingredients.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the developmental characteristics and genetic diversity of seven populations of two-spotted crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)) raised in South Korea. Regarding the developmental characteristics of the species, we observed no statistically significant difference in the weight of the nymphs in the six populations we tested. After molting, although weight differences were observed between the populations in each stage of the developmental period, the average weight for each developmental stage was constant. We also analyzed mitochondrial COI gene sequences (DNA barcoding region) of the reared crickets collected from five insect farms and two national insect rearing facilities and the resultant sequences were analyzed together with the 12 sequences from foreign countries specimens obtained from public data. We detected six haplotypes from 111 specimens, indicating a low intraspecific genetic distance (~1.8%). The most dominant haplotype was overwhelmingly haplotype 1, which was found in all South Korean specimens and four specimens from China, Indonesia, and Germany. These findings indicate that the low genetic diversity of South Korean specimens can be explained by the fact that the G. bimaculatus population imported for feed from Japan in the early 2000s became a maternal group that spread throughout cricket farms in South Korea. In order to breed healthy cricket strains, it is necessary to increase genetic diversity by importing them from other countries through appropriate quarantine procedures.