• 제목/요약/키워드: Milk nutrients

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한국인 수유부의 수유초기 이행유의 모유성분 분석과 영아의 섭취량 추정 연구 (Studies of nutrient composition of transitional human milk and estimated intake of nutrients by breast-fed infants in Korean mothers)

  • 최윤경;김나영;김지명;조미숙;강봉수;김유리
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제48권6호
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    • pp.476-487
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 분만 후 5일에서 15일 사이에 분비되는 이행유의 성분을 분석하여 모유의 전반적인 영양소의 함량을 측정하고, 모유영양아의 하루 섭취량을 추정하여 2010년 한국인 영양섭취기준과 비교함으로써 국내 모유영양아의 영양 섭취의 적절성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 정상 만삭아를 출산하고 서울경기 지역 소재 산후조리원에서 회복중인 100명의 산모들이었다. 이들은 연구의 취지를 이해하고 참여 동의한 뒤 개인의 특성에 관한 설문지를 작성하고 모유 샘플을 제공하였다. 수유부들의 나이는 평균 $32.01{\pm}4.08$세였고, 신장은 평균 $161.93{\pm}4.79cm$, 만삭 체중은 $65.92{\pm}8.10kg$이었다. 모유 성분 분석 결과 모유 내 에너지 농도는 $59.99{\pm}8.01kcal/dL$, 단백질의 농도는 $1.47{\pm}0.27g/dL$, 지방의 농도는 $2.88{\pm}0.89g/dL$, 탄수화물의 농도는 $6.72{\pm}0.22g/dL$이었다. 지방산의 경우 ${\omega}-6$ 계열의 리놀레산과 아라키돈산의 모유 속 농도는 각각 $181.44{\pm}96.41mg/dL$, $28.15{\pm}8.89mg/dL$이었고, ${\omega}-3$ 계열의 리놀렌산, DHA의 모유 속 농도는 각각 $5.67{\pm}1.86mg/dL$, $5.74{\pm}2.57mg/dL$ 로 나타났다. 모유 속 비타민 A, 비타민 D, 비타민 E의 농도는 각각 $28.95{\pm}17.50{\mu}g/L$, $23.09{\pm}11.16ng/mL$, $7.37{\pm}15.43mg/L$이었으며, 비타민 C, 비타민 $B_1$, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_{12}$, 그리고 엽산의 모유 속 농도는 $30.22{\pm}18.43mg/L$, $75.14{\pm}209.61{\mu}g/L$, $617.82{\pm}267.79{\mu}g/L$, $637.74{\pm}271.92pg/mL$, $5.16{\pm}2.58ng/mL$이었다. 무기질 중 칼슘의 모유 속 농도는 $20.71{\pm}3.34mg/dL$, 철의 모유 속 농도는 $5.86{\pm}8.61mg/L$, 칼륨의 모유 속 농도는 $66.71{\pm}10.35mg/dL$, 나트륨의 모유 속 농도는 $27.72{\pm}10.16mg/dL$이었으며, 아연과 구리는 모유 속에 각 $0.44{\pm}0.41mg/dL$, $70.48{\pm}30.41{\mu}g/dL$의 농도로 함유되어 있었다. 면역성분인 IgA의 모유 속 농도는 $61.85{\pm}31.97mg/dL$, total IgE의 모유 속 농도는 $2.35{\pm}0.93IU/mL$이었다. 영아의 하루 섭취량을 추정한 결과에 의하면 에너지 지방, 탄수화물, 비타민 A, 비타민 C, 비타민 $B_1$, 엽산, 칼슘의 하루 섭취 추정량은 이행유 섭취량으로 조정된 2010년 한국인 영양섭취기준의 충분섭취량에 미치지 못하였으나, 단백질, 비타민 D, 비타민 E, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 $B_{12}$, 철, 칼륨, 나트륨, 아연, 구리 등은 이행유 섭취량으로 조정된 2010년 한국인 영양섭취기준의 충분 섭취량을 충족하였다. 대부분의 영양소는 추정 섭취량이 이행유 섭취량으로 조정된 2010년 한국인 영양섭취기준과 비교하여 대체적으로 비슷하였으나 비타민 $B_1$, 엽산, 칼슘, 비타민 D, 구리 등의 영양소는 이행유 섭취량으로 조정된 2010년 한국인 영양섭취기준과 다소 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 한국인 모유의 영양성분과 관련 있는 요소를 파악하는 후속 연구의 필요성을 시사하며, 한국인 모유의 성분함량과 섭취량에 관한 지속적인 연구는 모유의 질적 향상을 꾀하고 영아의 성장발달을 도모하기 위한 방안을 마련하는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

울산지역 노인의 영양상태와 건강상태에 관한 조사연구 (A Study on the Nutritional Status and Health Condition of Elderly in Ulsan area)

  • 정미숙;김혜경
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.159-168
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    • 1998
  • This survey was carried out to obtain the information concerning nutritional status, including factors of food intake and health condition of elderly living in Ulsan area. Main results were as follows. 1) Average height of subjects was close to Korean reference, while weight was below Korean reference, average obesity rate and body mass index were +6.93% and 21.9. 2) In health related factors, 41% of subjects exercised regularly, 31.6% of subjects drank alcoholic beverage, and 41.4% of subjects smoked currently. 3) Mean food habits score was 32.1(ranging from 10 to 50) and milk and lipid food intake were decreased. 4) Dietary intake data showed the average daily intake of all nutrients except phosphorus, were lower than RDA, especially vitamin A, calcium and zinc were lower than other nutrients. According to the percentage of RDA, vitamin A was the nutrient found to be least sufficient. 5) Among the various influential factors resident type, pocket money, exercise and smoking influenced on nutrient intake considerably

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Development of a Chemically Defined Minimal Medium for the Exponential Growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC8293

  • Kim, Yu Jin;Eom, Hyun-Ju;Seo, Eun-Young;Lee, Dong Yup;Kim, Jeong Hwan;Han, Nam Soo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권11호
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    • pp.1518-1522
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    • 2012
  • Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a heterofermentative Grampositive bacterium that plays key roles in fermentation of foods such as kimchi, sauerkraut, and milk, leading to the production of various organic acids and aromatic compounds. To study the microbiological and genomic characteristics of L. mesenteroides, we have developed a new chemically defined minimal medium by using the single omission technique. During the exponential cell growth, this species required glutamine, methionine, valine, and nicotinic acid as essential nutrients and 8 amino acids (arginine, cysteine, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, and tryptophan), 5 vitamins (ascorbic acid, folic acid, inosine, calcium panthothenate, and thiamine), and others (manganese, magnesium, adenine, uracil, and Tween 80) as supplemental nutrients. This medium is useful to study the metabolic characteristics of L. mesenteroides and to explain its role in food fermentation.

대구지역 주민들의 식행동과 일부 건강상태 지표와의 관련성(I) - 주부들의 식행동과 비만정도를 중심으로 - (Dietary Behavior in Relation to Health Indicators of Residents in Daegu(I) - Focused on Dietary Behaviors and Obesity of Housewives -)

  • 최미자;윤진숙
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2003
  • This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of health promotion at community level. Nutrients intake of 135 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall methods. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Our results indicated dietary intake of calcium and vitamin $B_2$ were insufficient when they were compared to Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Among five food groups, intakes of milk and dairy product was inadequate as compared to the recommended amount. When we compared the fatness indices to self-evaluated meal problems, overeating and speedy eating were significantly related to fatness indices. Fatness indices such as relative body weight(RBW) and body mass index(BMI) were significantly higher in the subjects who self-evaluated their unsound food behavior as overeating. However, there were no significant differences of food habit score and nutrition knowledge among groups classified by fatness or meal problem. Body fat ratio, frequencies of night snack and skipping meal significantly increased with age. Food habit score was positively related to health-concerned attitude and active attitude toward change. We concluded that nutrition education program for housewives should include detailed strategies to modify unsound food behaviors for healthy weight.

성별에 따른 종합검진 영양상담자의 식이섭취 및 식습관에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Dietary Habits and Food intake Patterns by sex; base on the data of the nutrition counseling of comprehensive medical testing in Gyeonggi area)

  • 류혜숙;김옥선;고재영
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.350-357
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the dietary behaviors and food intake patterns by sex, based on the data of nutrition counseling of health medical examination. The subjects were 5811(3258 males and 2553 females) of groups taken comprehensive medical testing in Gyeonggi area, and the total period was from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2005. The subjects are composed of 56.1% male and 43.9% female. The results of this study show that of the females group were higher than those of the males in the case of dietary patterns. The averages intakes of milk products and beverages were significantly higher in male. Animal food intake ratio in the meal was significantly higher in male. In view of these facts, the relation factors of nutrients intakes may vary by sex. The averages of nutrients intakes were higher in male compared to female. Therefore, appropriate nutritional education should be conducted so that they have a healthy dietary habit.

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Cheese Manufacturing and Bioactive Substance Separation: Separation and Preliminary Purification of cAMP from Whey

  • Liu, Yongfeng;Zhao, Xiaowei;Liu, Manshun;Zhao, Jing
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.52-63
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    • 2018
  • Cheese consumption has been gradually increased in China. However, both the manufacturing process of cheese and the utilization of its main by-product were not well developed. Based on the sensory evaluation, Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was performed in the present study to optimize the cheese processing, which was proved more suitable for Chinese. The optimal parameters were: rennet 0.052 g/L, start culture 0.025 g/L and $CaCl_2$ 0.1 g/L. The composition analysis of fresh bovine milk and whey showed that whey contained most of the soluble nutrients of milk, which indicated that whey was a potential resource of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Thus, the cAMP was isolated from whey, the results of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the macroporous adsorption resins (MAR) D290 could increase the concentration of cAMP from $0.058{\mu}mol/mL$ to $0.095{\mu}mol/mL$. We firstly purified the cAMP from the whey, which could become a new source of cAMP.

Influence of Dietary Butyrate on Growth Rate, Efficiency of Nutrient Utilization and Cost of Unit Gain in Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Male Calves

  • Vidyarthi, V.K.;Kurar, C.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.474-478
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    • 2001
  • Eighteen Murrah male buffalo calves were allotted into three groups of six each. The calves in group I (control) were fed with whole milk, skim milk, calf starter and green maize fodder. The calves in group II (high butyric acid) and group III (low butyric acid) were fed with the same diet as control along with 24 ml and 12 ml of butyric acid/calf/day for 120 days, respectively for 120 days. Dry matter intake was higher in group II and III as compared with group I. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose was the highest in group II followed by group III and the control group. Body weight gain and conversion efficiency of dry matter, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrients were better in group II. Cost of feed for per unit of live weight gain was the lowest in group II. It was concluded that dietary addition of butyric acid (24 ml/day) was economical and had positive effect on the performance of Murrah buffalo calves.

국내식품을 이용한 이유식 개발에 관한 연구(I) - 이유식의 개발과 성분 및 영양소 분석 - (Development of the Supplementary Foods for Infants Using Korean Foods - Development and Analysis of Nutrients of the Supplementary Foods -)

  • 민성희;손경희;윤선
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 1993
  • This study was carried out in order to develop supplementary foods for infants using Korean foods. Thirty-four different kinds of supplementary foods were developed and fourteen representative ones were selected to be analyzed chemically. The results are as follows: 1. The developed supplementary foods were 34 kinds and divided into 3 stages. First stage is designed for the babies just beginning to eat pureed vegetables and fruits. Second stage combined the nutritional attributes of both vegetables and meat. Third stage featured tender, bite-size pieces of meats and vegetables that appealed to the most mature tastes of basies. 2. In the production of prepared foods; water, milk, vegetable juice, fruit juice, and soy milk were used as the liquid source; rice, rice starch, chestnut, noodle, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rice cakes as the carbohydrate source; fish, meats soybean curd, beans, eggs, chicken, cow liver as the protein source; and vegetables and fruits were used as vitamin & mineral source. 3. The approximate composition range of the products were 10.91∼24.46% carbohydrate, 0.15∼6.06% protein, 0.092∼7% fat, 0.13∼ 1.37% ash, 0.63∼36.34% calcium, 0.092∼0.48% iron and 0.42∼16.36% vitamin C.

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Nutrient Contributions of the Five Meal Components in School Lunch: $Entr{\'{e}}e$, Milk, Vegetable/Fruit, Bread/Grain, and Miscellaneous

  • Wie Seung-Hee;Shanklin Carol W.
    • Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.3-8
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    • 2006
  • This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the nutrient contributions of the five meal components of school lunch menus planned for elementary students in two school districts (District A and B) in the Midwestern state of the United States. The 4-week cycle menu was planned for two time periods (Period 1 and Period 2) following guidelines for NuMenus and general menu planning principles. Menu components of planned and served menus for two time periods were analyzed using $Nutri-Kids^{TM}$. No significant differences in the nutrient content of between Periods 1 and 2 were found for District A. District B served significantly more vitamin A and total fat in Period 1 and significantly more calories, iron, vitamin A, protein, and total fat in Period 2 than was planned. The major nutrients provided by the entree component included protein, calories, cholesterol, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium. Milk was an important source of calcium and provided approximately one-third of the total protein and vitamin A in the meal. The vegetable/fruit component was the major source of vitamins A and C. The grain/bread component provided approximately 20% of the carbohydrates among five meal components. The miscellaneous component affected the sodium and fat content of the menus. Menu planners can use the results of this study to enhance their knowledge of the nutrient contributions of each meal component and as inputs for planning menus that meet children's nutritional requirements.

부산지역 일부 대학생의 식습관 및 영양소 섭취상태에 관한 연구 (The Comparison in Daily Intake of Nutrients and Dietary Habits of College Students in Busan)

  • 고명수
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.259-271
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and daily intake of nutrients in college students. This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionaire. The average heights and weights were 173.5 cm and 72.3 kg of male students and 161.8 cm and 57.2 kg of female students. The average of BMI was $24.2kg/m^2$ of male and $21.9kg/m^2$ of female, and the value of male students was higher than the value of female students. The response to the daily meals was 54.6% for '$2{\sim}3$ times/week'. The regularity of mealtime was 41.7% for irregular and the frequency eating after nine was 45.7% for '5-6 times/week', respectively. The repast was 72.2% for 'overeating and little eating' and was a significant difference of male and female students (p<0.05). The eating rate was higher '$10{\sim}20min$'. As for breakfast food eaten, skipping breakfast was 23.6% for 'no/week' and female students were higher than male students (p<0.05). The frequency of snacks was 36.0% for 'nothing' of males students and 34.8% for '3-4 times/week' of female students (p<0.05). The type of snack was a significant difference of males and females students (p<0.01), and was the highest 75.0% for carbonated drinks of males and 37.5% for snacks of females. The eating due to stress solution was a significant difference of male and female students (p<0.01), and was the highest 23.0% for 'frequency' of males and 44.7% for 'sometime' of females. As for food intake of male and female students, the meat intake was 66.7% for 'everything of male and female students. The fish intake was 68.1 % for '1-2times/week'. The milk, milk products, eggs and beans were each 40.3%, 58.3%, 56.9%, 47.2% for '1-2 times/week' (p<0.05). The fat intake was 55.6% for '$1{\sim}2$ times/week'. The average consumption of energy was 58% of male and 67% of female of estimated energy requirement (EER). Their mean ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 57 : 15 : 28 of all subjects. The mean intakes of vitamin C and folic acid were 70% and 51% of males and 62% and 52% of females of recommended intake (RI). The mean intakes of Ca, P, Fe and Na were 71%, 140%, 146% of males and 72%, 122%, 76% of female of RI and 273% of males and 233% of females of adequate intake (AI). Therefore, nutritional education is necessary for college students to establish physicall and mentall optimal health conditions though nutritional intervention.