Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.6.476

Studies of nutrient composition of transitional human milk and estimated intake of nutrients by breast-fed infants in Korean mothers  

Choi, Yun Kyung (Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
Kim, Nayoung (Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
Kim, Ji-Myung (Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University)
Cho, Mi Sook (Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
Kang, Bong Soo (U2 Bio Co. Ltd.)
Kim, Yuri (Dept. of Clinical Nutrition, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
Publication Information
Journal of Nutrition and Health / v.48, no.6, 2015 , pp. 476-487 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the concentration of nutrients in transitional breast milk from Korean lactating mothers and to evaluate daily intakes of their infants based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2010 (KDRIs 2010). Methods: Breast milk samples were collected at 5~15 days postpartum from 100 healthy lactating Korean mothers. Macro- and micro-nutrients, and immunoglobulin (Igs) concentrations in breast milk were analyzed. Results: The mean energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate concentrations in breast milk were $59.99{\pm}8.01kcal/dL$, $1.47{\pm}0.27g/dL$, $2.88{\pm}0.89g/dL$, and $6.72{\pm}0.22g/dL$. The mean linoleic acid (LA), a-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were $181.44{\pm}96.41mg/dL$, $28.15{\pm}8.89mg/dL$, $5.67{\pm}1.86mg/dL$, and $5.74{\pm}2.57mg/dL$. The mean vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_{12}$, and folate concentrations were $2.75{\pm}1.75{\mu}g/dL$, $2.31{\pm}1.12ng/dL$, $0.74{\pm}1.54mg/dL$, $3.02{\pm}1.84mg/dL$, $7.51{\pm}20.96{\mu}g/dL$, $61.78{\pm}26.78{\mu}g/dL$, $63.71{\pm}27.19ng/dL$, and $0.52{\pm}0.26{\mu}g/dL$. The mean concentrations of calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, zinc, and copper were $20.71{\pm}3.34mg/dL$, $0.59{\pm}0.86mg/dL$, $66.71{\pm}10.35mg/dL$, $27.72{\pm}10.16mg/dL$, $0.44{\pm}0.41mg/dL$, and $70.48{\pm}30.41{\mu}g/dL$. The mean IgA and total IgE concentrations were $61.85{\pm}31.97mg/dL$ and $235.00{\pm}93.00IU/dL$. The estimated daily intakes of infants for protein, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_{12}$, iron, potassium, sodium, zinc, and copper were sufficient compared to KDRIs 2010 adjusted by transitory milk intakes. The estimated infants' intakes of energy, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin $B_1$, folate, and calcium did not meet KDRIs 2010 adjusted by transitory milk intakes. Conclusion: In general most estimated nutrient intakes of Korean breast-fed infants in transitory breast milk were sufficient, however some nutrient intakes were not sufficient based on KDRIs 2010. These results warrant conduct of future studies for investigation of important dietary factors associated with nutrients in breast milk to improve the quality of breast milk, which may contribute to understanding nutrition in early life and promoting growth and development of breast-fed infants.
Keywords
breast milk; concentration; intakes; infants;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Worthington-Roberts BS, Williams SR. Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1993.
2 Besculides M, Grigoryan K, Laraque F. Increasing breastfeeding rates in New York City, 1980-2000. J Urban Health 2005; 82(2): 198-206.   DOI
3 Newburg DS. Innate immunity and human milk. J Nutr 2005; 135(5): 1308-1312.   DOI
4 Oddy WH. The impact of breastmilk on infant and child health. Breastfeed Rev 2002; 10(3): 5-18.
5 Min KB, Lee SM, Eun HS, Park MS, Park KI, Namgung R, Lee C. Analysis of the macronutrient composition of breast milk from Korean women and growth of infants. Korean J Perinatol 2012; 23(4): 259-265.
6 Lee SW, In YM, Ham JS, Choi JC. Studies on the composition of Korean human milk during lactation period. Korean J Dairy Sci 1997; 19(2): 123-130.
7 Adamson ED, Deller MJ, Warshaw JB. Functional EGF receptors are present on mouse embryo tissues. Nature 1981; 291(5817): 656-659.   DOI
8 Jensen RG, Clark RM, Ferris AM. Composition of the lipids in human milk: a review. Lipids 1980; 15(5): 345-355.   DOI
9 Isaacs EB, Fischl BR, Quinn BT, Chong WK, Gadian DG, Lucas A. Impact of breast milk on intelligence quotient, brain size, and white matter development. Pediatr Res 2010; 67(4): 357-362.   DOI
10 Auestad N, Scott DT, Janowsky JS, Jacobsen C, Carroll RE, Montalto MB, Halter R, Qiu W, Jacobs JR, Connor WE, Connor SL, Taylor JA, Neuringer M, Fitzgerald KM, Hall RT. Visual, cognitive, and language assessments at 39 months: a follow-up study of children fed formulas containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to 1 year of age. Pediatrics 2003; 112(3 Pt 1): e177-e183.   DOI
11 Lee JS, Lee YN, Kim ES. Study on zinc and copper intakes of breast-fed infants. Korean J Nutr 2000; 33(8): 857-863.
12 Davis MK. Breastfeeding and chronic disease in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Clin North Am 2001; 48(1): 125-141.   DOI
13 van Odijk J, Kull I, Borres MP, Brandtzaeg P, Edberg U, Hanson LA, Host A, Kuitunen M, Olsen SF, Skerfving S, Sundell J, Wille S. Breastfeeding and allergic disease: a multidisciplinary review of the literature (1966-2001) on the mode of early feeding in infancy and its impact on later atopic manifestations. Allergy 2003; 58(9): 833-843.   DOI
14 Lee MJ. A study on the influencing factors of macronutrient concentrations in human milk. Korean J Nutr 1997; 30(6): 715-726.
15 Sobti J, Mathur GP, Gupta A; WHO. WHO's proposed global strategy for infant and young child feeding: a viewpoint. J Indian Med Assoc 2002; 100(8): 502-504.
16 Neville MC. Measurement of milk transfer from mother to breastfed infant. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1987; 6(5): 659-662.   DOI
17 Kim ES, Cho KH. Iron, copper and zinc levels in human milk and estimated intake of the minerals by breast-fed infants during the early lactation. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 2004; 14(1): 27-33.
18 Lee JS, Kim ES, Kim BN. Changes in transitional milk intakes and body weight of breast-fed infants. Korean J Nutr 1994; 27(6): 591-598.
19 Seol MY, Kim ES, Keum HK. A longitudinal study on human milk intake in exclusively breast-fed infants. Korean J Nutr 1993; 26(4): 414-422.
20 Lee JS, Kim ES. A longitudinal study on human milk volume and lactational pattern. Korean J Nutr 1991; 24(1): 48-57.
21 Choi KS, Kim ES. A longitudinal study on human milk volume and lactational performance of Korean lacto-ovo-vegetarians. Korean J Nutr 1991; 24(3): 219-229.
22 The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. 1st revision, Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society; 2010.
23 Seol MY, Kim ES, Keum HK. A longitudinal study on human milk volume in lactating women during the first 6 months of lactation. Korean J Nutr 1993; 26(4): 405-413.
24 Lee JS, Choi KS, Kim ES. Changes on milk production of lactating women in Kwangwon province during lactation. Korean J Nutr 1996; 29(10): 1105-1111.
25 Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, Poos M; Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. J Am Diet Assoc 2002; 102(11): 1621-1630.   DOI
26 Kim ES, Lee JS. A longitudinal study on energy, protein, fat and lactose intakes of breast-fed infants. Korean J Nutr 2002; 35(7): 771-778.
27 Bae YJ, Leem EJ, Kim SY, Chang MJ, Lee DT. Influence of exercise participation on changes of body composition, physical fitness and breast milk composition in milk feeding women. J Exerc Nutr Biochem 2004; 8(1): 17-22.
28 Moon SJ, Ahn HS, Lee MJ, Kim JH, Kim CJ, Kim SY. A longitudinal study of the total lipid, total cholesterol, and vitamin E contents and fatty acids composition of human milk. Korean J Nutr 1993; 26(6): 758-771.
29 Chun YM, Kim YJ, Chang N. Effects of maternal dietary intakes and health-related behaviors on vitamin B concentrations in human milk. Korean J Nutr 2005; 38(4): 313-319.
30 Butte NF, Calloway DH. Evaluation of lactational performance of Navajo women. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34(10): 2210-2215.   DOI
31 Kim ES. Vitamin A intake of exclusively breast-fed infants in Cheongju and Anseong areas. Korean J Nutr 2003; 36(7): 743-748.
32 Na B, No S, Kim MJ, Han HS, Jeong EH, Han Y, Hyeun T. Nutritional status of vitamin D in Korean mothers and their newborn infants: Vitamin D status of Korean mothers and newborns. Korean J Perinatol 2007; 18(4): 399-406.
33 Farrell PM. Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants. J Pediatr 1979; 95(5 Pt 2): 869-872.   DOI
34 Machlin LJ. Handbook of vitamins. New York, NY: M. Dekker; 1991.
35 Rönnholm KA, Dostálová L, Siimes MA. Vitamin E supplementation in very-low-birth-weight infants: long-term follow-up at two different levels of vitamin E supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 49(1): 121-126.   DOI
36 Oski FA, Barness LA. Vitamin E deficiency: a previously unrecognized cause of hemolytic anemia in the premature infant. J Pediatr 1967; 70(2): 211-220.   DOI
37 Lee JS, Kim ES. Study on vitamin E intake of exclusively breastfed infants. Korean J Nutr 1998; 31(9): 1440-1445.
38 Lim HS, Lee JI, Lee JA. Folate status of Korean pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes-across-sectional study. Korean J Nutr 1999; 32(5): 592-597.
39 Feeley RM, Eitenmiller RR, Jones JB Jr, Barnhart H. Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents of human milk during early lactation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983; 2(2): 262-267.   DOI
40 Pizarro F, Olivares M, Gidi V, Araya M. The gastrointestinal tract and acute effects of copper in drinking water and beverages. Rev Environ Health 1999; 14(4): 231-238.
41 Lönnerdal B. Nutritional and physiologic significance of human milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77(6): 1537S-1543S.   DOI
42 Kwon MS, Yun IS, Cho MS, Lee HS, Kim WY. Effect of maternal factors on the concentrations of minerals and immunological substance in breast milk. Korean J Nutr 2004; 37(9): 809-816