• Strategy21
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• s.41
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• pp.153-173
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• 2017

On 15 December 2015, China seized an underwater drone belonging to the U.S. in the South China Sea. The underwater drone was then about to be retrieved by the Bowditch, a U.S. naval ship.Although China returned the underwater drone to the U.S. on 20 December 2016, the incident resulted in the considerable controversy involving the use of underwater drones. The reason for this is that the seizure of the underwater drone happened in the exclusive economic zone (hereafter referred to as "EEZ") of the Philippines. Part XIII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereafter referred to as "UNCLOS") governs the matters of marine scientific research (hereafter referred to as "MSR"). If a State intends to use an underwater drone in the EEZ of another coastal State for the purpose of MSR, the former has to obtain the consent of the latter in accordance with relevant provisions included in Part XIII of the UNCLOS. However, it is not obvious whether the consent of a coastal State should be required to launch an underwater drone in the EEZ of the State for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. Maritime powers such as the U.S. regard hydrographic surveying or military surveying as part of "other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms, such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines" found in Article 58(1) of the UNCLOS, or part of the freedom of the high seas. This interpretation is not incompatible with the implications that the UNCLOS has. Nevertheless, Korea cannot accept this kind of interpretation that is supported by maritime powers. The freedom of hydrographic surveying or military surveying could imply that the EEZ of Korea would be full of underwater drones launched by China, Japan or even Russia. Hence, Korea should claim that the data collected for the purpose of MSR cannot be distinguished from that collected for the purpose of hydrographic surveying or military surveying. This means that hydrographic surveying or military surveying without the consent of a coastal State in the EEZ of the State should not be permitted.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.520-533
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate satisfaction and preference for current military meal service and food behaviors and food habits of some military personnel in Chunchen and Wonju of the Kwangwon area. The results are as follows. In the anthropometric survey, average height of the subjects was 175.03 $\pm$ 5.30 cm, average weight was 69.15 $\pm$ 7.74 kg. As a result of surveying satisfaction in the current food service, an item high in satisfaction was adequacy of serving hours, whereas an item of low satisfaction was diversity of menu. The item of food service improvement needs of the subjects were in order more variety of menu, nutrition, preference, sanitation, cooking method. As a result of surveying eating behavior of the subjects, most items were high medium response. They preferred soju and relish and also they liked the bokkum cooking method. As a result of surveying food habits of the subjects, items of good habits were regularity of meals, marginal meals, diversity of food intake, dairy and dairy products, avoiding too exciting meals and natural food diet; whereas, items of bad habits were fast food intake, alcohol, smoking, carbonated and caffeine beverages, skipping breakfast. snacks, fatty food intake, yellow or green vegetable intake and fruit and seaweed intake. Following is the result of a survey on the preference of meals by cooking method serving the current military meal service. They liked one-dish meals such as Bokkeumbap, Bibimbap, Tteokguk, whereas, they disliked curryrice, Jajangbap. In case of soup, they liked soup made from meat better than vegetable soup or soup made with fish. Also they liked pot stem better than soup. Generally they liked meals containing meat in most cooking methods. These results suggest that continuous and practical nutrition education to change food habits in military life are necessary to Prevent chronic disease with increasing age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.257-260
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• 2007

The government is spending a large amount of budget to establish NGIS due to the importance of geospatial information. This paper deals with the study of schema mapping technique which can efficiently establish military topographic DB forest layer using digital forest map and other existing geospatial DB. In order to accomplish this 1) each schema of these types of DB was analyzed then, 2) mapping table which connects related attributes was created and finally, 3) military topographical DB forest layer of the area of interest was efficiently established. This research was able to display solutions that resolved compatibility issues between existing geospatial DB of these types, established by the schema mapping techniques described in this research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.539-546
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• 2010

A program which can produce military standard raster maps was developed. This includes the functions that classify the types of geospatial data, publish automatically based on paper map schema, and convert products with military standard raster formats. Especially, this paper presents the automatic map-publishing technique with mathematical modeling and controling the line width, color, shape that ever not used.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.56-62
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• 2003

In order to actively cope with international changes such as cessation of the Cold War in the twentieth century, the government has been proceeding the unification project between military and commercial specification leading to cost reduction of military supplies as well as to high effectiveness. Among these efforts, the study on raw materials specifications, which seems to have been widely used for military or commercial fields, has been performed. As the result of these studies, we have reformed military standards through surveying and summarizing military, KS and international specifications on raw materials. Consequently, the reduction of costs for the procurement of military supplies and the maintenance of current military specifications is to be expected.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2001

In order to actively cope with international changes such as cessation of the Cold War in the twentieth century, the government has been proceeding the unification project between military and commercial specification leading to cost reduction of military supplies as well as to high effectiveness. Among these efforts, the study on raw materials specifications, which seems to have been widely used for military or commercial fields, has been performed. As the result of these studies, we have reformed military standards through surveying and summarizing military, KS and international specifications on raw materials. Consequently, the reduction of costs for the procurement of military supplies and the maintenance of current military specifications is to be expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The government is spending a large amount of budget to establish NGIS due to the importance of geospatial information. This paper deals with the study of schema mapping technique which can efficiently establish military topographic DB forest layer using digital forest map and other existing geospatial DB. In order to accomplish this each schema of these types of DB was analyzed then, mapping table which connects related attributes was created and finally, military topographical DB forest layer of the area of interest was efficiently established. This research was able to display solutions that resolved compatibility issues between existing geospatial DB of these types, established by the schema mapping techniques described in this research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose operational concepts and technology requirements for guard and surveillance robots in military field. After surveying on current trend of guard robots, we present an operational scenario and technology requirements. To begin with, we discriminate the use of fixed type guard robots(fixed robots) and mobile guard and surveillance robots(mobile robots). Fixed robots are used for substituting daily guard by human soldier. In contrast, mobile robots are used for compensating shadow area where not to be covered by fixed type robots. To be specific, mobile robots adopt communication relays to extend operational range and sensor networks to collecting information. In addition, we present technology requirements composed of wireless communication system, platform, sensor nodes, unmanned driving technology, power supply system and IFF etc. In conclusion, in order to maximize co-operational functionality, fixed robots and mobile robots should be tightly related.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2022

The primary purpose of this study was to analyze assessment factors by identifying and prioritizing live fire shooting area requirements using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique. Derived assessment factors for candidate sites were divided into six categories. Of these, four categories (base-to-range distance, weapon danger area, range terrain, and size) were in the realm of physical geography while the remaining two (land use and proximity to habitation) fell under the general heading of human geography. A case study was also conducted to select several alternative firing ranges using derived factors. The optimal location was analyzed by evaluating the candidate site using each assessment factor. As a result, it was found that assessment factors applying to GIS (Geographic Information System) were able to effectively analyze a suitable location for relocation of the focal training facility, taking into consideration public-safety issues, training requirements, and residents' past and likely future complaints. Through this process, it can prevent the waste of time and effort in determining an optimal location for a live fire shooing range.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.341-344
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• 2007

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency(NGA) developed VPF in mid 1980 to digitalize military geospatial information. However, because VPF is very complicated system and was severly inefficient in producing, maintaining, and managing the data, VPF was required to be replaced by more efficient data format. These requests resulted in an integrated schema, and eventually VPF. The main idea of using FDB in the production of digital map of non-accessible area is to increase the accuracy. This research focuses on the production of high accuracy digital map by utilizing the FDB. The accuracy of digital map by FDB and by DGN was individually compared with 1m CIB imagery of the Korean peninsula. By analyzing 38 check points based on CIB, DGN showed RMSE of 52m X axis and 49m Y axis. FDB showed 15m in X axis and 13m in Y axis. These results show that the digital map produced using FDB has much higher accuracy than DGN based digital map.