• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2010

Objectives : To introduce and compare various headache measurement tools, in order to provide fundamental information for future clinical trials and development of oriental medicine measurement tools. Methods : Eight headache assessment scales, Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire(MQoLQ), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life(MSQOL), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire(MSQ), The Headache Impact Questionnaire(HImQ), Headcahe Needs Assessment Survey(HANA), Henry Ford Headache disability Inventory(HDI), Migraine Disablity Assessment Scale(MIDAS) and Headache Impact Test(HIT-6), were searched through Pubmed. General character, the process of development, verification of reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness to patient's change and validity were reviewed. Results : In assessing the quality of life of migraine patients, MQoLQ can be used to measure the change within 24 hours, MSQ and MSQOL can be used to measure the change during a relatively longer period of time. The frequency and bothersomeness of headache can be easily measured by HANA. HImQ can be used to measure the intensity of headache and the influence on normal daily activities. HDI can measure the emotional difficulties of headache patients. HIT-6 and MIDAS makes measurements possible in a short period of time, and the reliability and validity have been verified numerously. HIT-6 and MIDAS are the most frequently used measurement tools because they are simple and easy for both the assessor and the patient to understand and use. Conclusions : In this study, various headache assessment tools have been reviewed. The assessed tools were widely used after being verified for their reliability and validity. We hope this study provides fundamental information in establishing future clinical trial and clinical practice guidelines. We also hope this study to contribute to the development of an oriental medicine assessment tool for headache.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.288-291
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• 2018

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura and is accompanied by a fully reversible motor aura. HM can occur in two forms: familial or sporadic. Currently, three genes are related to familial HM. Typically, HM occurs in the first or second decade of life and involves gradually progressing aura symptoms in succession, accompanied by headaches. The aura includes visual, sensory, motor, aphasic and often basilar-type symptoms. Motor aura (weakness) is related to the regions where the sensory aura is involved, and it usually starts at the hand before spreading to the arm and face. Aphasia is a common form of speech aura, but does not typically present as a difficulty in understanding. In this case report, the sensory-motor aura started at the right face and then gradually progressed to the right leg without any symptoms in the ipsilateral upper extremity. To the best of my knowledge, there has been no previous case report for the presentation of a hemiplegic migraine, as in this case report. As there is a possibility of misdiagnosis of Bell's palsy at the early stage of this case, this case report suggests that a physician should consider the rare possibility of stroke or HM when a patient presents with unilateral facial palsy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.62-78
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to assess the impact of acupotomy on migraine through an examination of clinical studies conducted since 2015. Methods : We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (nRCTs) related to acupotomy treatment for migraine, utilizing five Korean online databases (OASIS, Science ON, DBPIA, KISS, RISS), as well as four foreign online databases (CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library). We identified a total of 10 relevant studies for analysis. Participants characteristics, treatment points, combination treatments, treatment cycles or frequencies, evaluation indices, efficacy, and adverse events were analyzed. The risk of bias in the 10 RCTs was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results : A total of 931 participants were included in 10 studies. In the intervention group, the average duration of migraine morbidity ranged from 15.5±4.5 months to 15.9±4.2 years. Six studies based their diagnoses on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), while five studies relied on Chinese diagnostic criteria. All studies specified the treatment area as the region exhibiting tenderness or induration on the head and neck. Treatment cycles ranged from a minimum of 2 days to a maximum of 1 week, with the number of days per treatment course varied from 5 days to 4 weeks. The diameter of acupuncture needles used varied between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. Of the eight studies specifying needle length, the shortest was 20 mm, and the longest was 40 mm. A total of eight evaluation indices were employed, with total efficacy rate (TER) and visual analogue scale (VAS) being the most frequently used. Statistically, all intervention groups showed more significant results compared to the control groups. Adverse events were reported in only two studies within the intervention group. Overall, the risk of bias assessment for the selected RCTs ranged from 'some concerns' to 'high risk of bias.' Conclusions : This study showed that acupotomy treatments for migraine were effective.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to provide efficacy and safety information on the use of erenumab for prevention of episodic and chronic migraines. Methods: The keywords "Erenumab and migraine" were used to search the PubMed database to then compile efficacy and safety data for erenumab. Data from relevant Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials were analyzed, using RevMan for statistical analysis. Results: Three clinical trials (one Phase 2 and two Phase 3 studies) were retrieved. All three trials used the same primary endpoint (change from baseline in monthly migraine days (CBMD)) to evaluate efficacy and safety of erenumab use for prevention of episodic and chronic migraines. Subcutaneous doses of erenumab (70 or 140 mg) were administered monthly in each trial, for 3 months (Studies 2, and 3) or 6 months (Study 1). The mean differences in CBMD in the 70 mg and 140 mg erenumab arms were -1.36 and -1.98, respectively, compared to that in the placebo arm. Some adverse events, such as nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection, were reported, but no differences in safety between erenumab and placebo were found to be significant. Conclusions: Erenumab showed superior efficacy in prevention of migraines compared to placebo. However, additional information regarding the long-term safety of erenumab should be collected. Therefore, post-marketing surveillance for adverse events is needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2006

Purpose : Because migraine in children has different characteristics from that in adults, it is inappropriate to apply migraine criteria for adults to children. Recently, the International Headache Society(IHS) revised criteria regarding children's characteristics. Therefore, we reviewed the characteristics of childhood migraines without auras based on the revised criteria and compared the data with the findings of childhood migraine by the previous criteria. Methods : Among 102 children who visited the outpatient clinic of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital for the chief complaint of headache, we analyzed the clinical findings of 34 patients, who were diagnosed as migraine without aura, and probable migraine based on the revised criteria. Results : Migraines without aura were diagnosed in 27 patients(26.5 percent) and probable migraines were observed in seven patients(6.8 percent). The usual duration of headache attacks over 2 hours was observed in 12 patients(44.4 percent). On the contrary, 15 patients(55.6 percent) usually experienced headaches for one to two hours. According to the location of headaches, there were temporal areas in 14 cases, frontal areas in nine cases, occipital areas in two cases and diffuse areas in two cases. The striking point in probable migraines is that the length of headache was below one hour in five patients. Nine patients were diagnosed as migraine without aura, when the first edition criteria was applied to same patients. Conclusion : We found that the prevalence of migraine without aura increased by the revision of IHS criteria. We hope that migraines in children will be diagnosed correctly by the new IHS criteria.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2018

Objective: To compare recent domestic and overseas research trends about acupuncture therapies on migraines. Method: Case reports and randomized controlled trials were searched via Pubmed. Searches were limited to publications between 2012 and 2017. Results: Four case reports and twelve randomized controlled trials were searched from Pubmed. Research showed that acupuncture therapies are more significantly effective than other therapies, such as sham acupunctures and Western medicines. Conclusion: There has been more active overseas research about acupuncture therapies on migraine compared to domestic studies. To examine the efficacy and suitability of acupuncture therapies on Koreans with migraines, domestic studies and research should be conducted more actively.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-96
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• 2000

Objectives: In order to study the effect of the oriental medical therapy on the patients who visited Neuropsychiatry and oriental medical differentiation of symptoms and signs with ABR (Autonomic Bioelectric Response recorder)-2000, these clinical studies were performed. Methods: Sixty six patients with headache were classified into three groups; the first is tension headache, the second is migraine headache, the last is the others, each group was investigated of a various characteristic, the effect of the oriental medical therapy and stress was measured by ABR-2000. Result: 1. According to the statics, the tention headache's rate was higher than migraine; on the whole woman's rate was higher than man's. however in the migraine the rate of sex was equal. 2. According to the cause facter, oversensitiveness, overexertion, dyspepsia, etc. were numorous in the order. 3. According to the oriental medical differentiation of symptoms and signs, the rate of stagnation of the liver-qi' s fire-transmission(肝鬱化火) and deficiency of qi(氣虛), these two types were highest. result of analyzing ABR-2000 is that stagnation of the liver-qi's fire-transmission(肝鬱化火) is the highest stress. 4. According to treatment rate, 80.3 percent of patients satisfied of treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.474-479
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• 2016

This case study reports patients suffering from migraine and vertigo had treated with Samul-tang plus Yijin-tang Gamibang. Two patients had taken Samul-tang and Yijin-tang Gamibang three times a day during hospitalization in oriental hospital. One patient had been hospitalized for 2 weeks and other had been for 3weeks. We control dose of added herbs according to other symptoms like dyspepsia, sleep discomfort, flushing, heating sense and diarrhea for each patients. We measure migraine by migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) and dizziness by korean dizziness handicap inventory (KDHI). Also we measure overall improvement with Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The main symptoms had been steadily decreased to VAS2. Patient complaing of dyspepsia, heating sense, flushing had been improved with reduction of dyspepsia and patient with diarrhea, abdominal discomofort had been improved following reduction of diarrhea. Two patients didn't agree with study because this paper was written following retrospective study but patients claimed no side effect. Samul-tang plus Yijin-tang Gamibang may be considered as a treatment of migrainous vertigo with digestive problems.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

A visual stress may provoke migraine, cephalalgia, intervene a long term reading and learning capability and reduce the productivity of a laborer who uses computer for a good while. In this study, a web based screening tool for visual stress was developed, it applied to 72 visually normal young persons in parallel with traditional questionnaire about symptoms of visual stress. To estimate visual stress, It is proposed to measure difference of visual search time of Han Gul characters as targets between visual stressful pattern and non-visual stressful pattern as global background of characters. As a result of test, 5 subjects were screened whose mean visual search time in the stressful pattern with 6 CPD spatial frequency increase significantly more than in none stressful pattern(t-test, one-tailed, p=$1.0407\times10^{-11}$). 2 of them were diagnosed as mild visual stress syndrome in the clinic. None had visual distortion and 50% of subjects had visual discomfort in results of the questionnaire. Correlation between visual search time increase rate and normalized number of visual discomfort may be slight(C. coefficient=0.1355). This study may contribute as a basic research for screening person with migraine, visual reading disabilities and VDT syndrome. It is required to apply the test to visual reading disabilities, migraine with visual distortion and/or visual discomfort as well as normal person for higher reliability of the screening tool.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2022

Objectives This study was aimed to report a significant improvement of patient with post COVID-19 syndrome, diagnosed as 'Soyang type lesser yang wind damage patterns' based on Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Methods The patient was diagnosed as Soyang type and had treatment with Sasang Constitutional Medicine three times everyday from June 13th to July 16th. Clinical improvement was evaluated with the degree of dizziness, migraine, palpitation and nausea caused by COVID-19. Results The symptoms of dizziness, migraine, palpitation, nausea caused by COVID-19 were improved after treated with Hyeongbangjihwang-tanggamibang. Conclusions After the treatment with Hyeongbangjihwang-tanggamibang, the symptoms of dizziness, migraine, palpitation, nausea caused by COVID-19 were disappeared. This suggests that Hyeongbangjihwang-tanggamibang is effective in recovering post COVID-19 syndrome for patient who diagnosed as 'Soyang type lesser yang wind damage patterns' based on Sasang Constitutional Medicine.