• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

This study aimed to explore the relationship between Intelligent Robot Reacher(IRT)-student by examining the factors of their relationship perceived by middle school students. In doing so, we developed questionnaires based on the existing teacher-student relationship scale and conducted an online survey of 283 first graders in middle school. The collected date were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses with SPSS 23 and confirmatory factor analysis with Amos 21. The study findings identified four factors of IRT-student relationship namely "trust", "competence", "emotional exchange", and "tolerance". It is expected that the study can be used to discuss ways to enhance educationally significant interaction between students-IRT and teaching methods using intelligent robots(IRs). Also, the study will contribute to the understanding and development of various services using IRs. Based on the study finidngs, future studies should investigate the perception of various education stockholders (teachers, parets, etc) on IRT to elevate the Human-Robot Interaction in the education field.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.684-694
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• 2020

In this study, we developed a rubric for assessing middle school students' conceptual understanding about dew point. For this purpose, we analyzed 9th grade students' responses collected by using a multi-tiers constructed-response item of National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA) and classified the types of the responses according to their characteristics. In addition, we analyzed the distribution of student response types according to mean achievement scores and developed an assessment rubric of conceptual understanding about dew point. The findings are as follows: First, the analysis of student responses to finding dew point in the saturation curve showed that many students had no or lack understanding of the scientific concept of dew point. Second, as a result of analyzing the student response to the water vapor condensation process at dew point, the proportion of scientific conception types was very low, while the proportion of misconception types was relatively high and the types varied as well. Third, a four- level assessment rubric was developed based on the analysis of the distribution of student response types according to the mean achievement scores. Based on the findings, we suggested the development and utilization of assessment rubric in the field of Earth science education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify accidental mortality during school activities of students in elementary, middle or high school in Seoul and consequent compensation payment. Methods: Fifty-eight students died due to accidents during the period 1988 through 2007. Data were obtained from the Seoul School Safety and Insurance Association, and Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education. Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA were used in the data analysis. Results: Among students, 75.9% were male and 37.9% were high school students. Accidental mortality was 1.61 per one million students (2.33 for male, and 0.82 for female students, and 0.93, 2.13 and 2.31 for elementary, middle and high school students, respectively). Mortality caused by drowning and falls per one million student was 0.85 and 0.74 for male, and 0.23 and 0.35 for female students. After age, year and cause were adjusted using ANCOVA, the mean compensation payment was 40,615 thousand won for male, and 62,000 thousands for female students. Highest compensation payment was 127,137 thousand for cerebral concussion after age, gender, year and cause were adjusted. Conclusion: To decrease student accidental mortality, especially drowning and falls, development of efficient safety-enforcing education is essential to prevent injuries and avoid preventable compensation costs.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

Objective : This study is aimed to application possibility and status of pattern identification in middle and high school students. Method : This study was cross-sectional study. We recruited 277 students through school doctor program of Seongnam city in 2017. Male students are 66 in middle school, 32 in high school. Female students are 117 in middle school, 62 in high school. For pattern identification, we used the tool of Qui Xui Shui pattern identification in students. Students fill questionnaires in inquiry of pattern identification and Korean medicine doctor diagnosis inspection and palpation of students. Results : Among 277 students, no pattern identification were 114(41.2%). It appeared in the order of phlegm, blood deficinecy, qi deficiency, qi stagnation and qi reversal. Qi deficiency, qi stagnation, qi reversal, blood deficiency and phlegm pattern are statistically significant by gender except blood stagnation. of 277 students, 105 (37.9%) had one more pattern identification. Conclusions : This study showed possibility of Qui Xui Shui pattern for student health management. In the future, large scale follow up study will be needed to clarify the relationship of pattern identification and student's health.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2003

In this study, we investigated middle school student' ability in estimating order of magnitude of physical quantities. Participants were 448 students of seventh grades and ninth graders in Seoul area. A multiple-choice typed questionnaire was designed for estimating five physical quantities such as length, mass, speed, volume, and density. The answers were analyzed through dimension of quantity, size of object, students' grade and their gender. In the results, more than two thirds of all participants chose the right order of magnitude in estimating length, but only around a quarter of them did so in estimating density. They had a tendency to show lower ability when they estimated order of magnitude of more complex dimensioned quantity. Moreover, students' answers had relatively wide distribution in estimating smaller sized objects. Through there was no big difference between seventh graders and ninth graders in estimation, male students where better in estimating base quantities, especially in length. However, more than half of participants did not choose the right order of magnitude in total and it showed their lack of qualitative understanding about these physical quantities and meaningless usage of unit in measuring.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to develop and implement a teaching strategy that reinforced teacher-student interaction for middle school first grade science and investigate the impact of the teaching strategy on student comprehension of scientific concepts, logical thinking ability, and science-related attitudes. 200 students attending a co-ed middle school located in Gyeonggi province were selected for the study and divided into an experiment and control group each consisting of 100 pupils. The teaching strategy reinforcing teacher-student interaction was applied to the experiment group, while conventional teaching, teacher-led lecturing, was carried out on the control group. To accomplish reinforced teacher-student interaction teacher asked students diversified questions and gave delayed feedbacks that deliberately focused on thought provocation. Results showed that the developed teaching strategy was effective in improving the students' logical thinking ability(p<.01). However, no significant differences were found in student comprehension of scientific concepts and science-related attitudes between the experimental and control group(p<.05). It was determined that more sound research is needed to develop and apply a lesson plan based on the teaching strategy used in this study.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.51-72
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• 2002

This research was conducted to understand and analyze the health-related behaviors of middle school students and get fundamental research data essential to provide efficient student guidance and public health service at school. The interview using Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System(YRBSS). Translation and modification for Korean students of the YRBS. The Korean version of YRBS(Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System) that translation and modification for Korean students of the YRBS developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)was used to assessment to health-related behaviors of youth. The interviewees were 1040 enrolled students at middle school in Daegu metropolitan city. YRBSS monitors six categories of priority health behaviors among youth and young adults behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)(including human immunodeficiency virus infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical activity. The result shows that over 30% of students rarely or never used safety belt and almost students were rarely or never wore a bicycle helmet. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 21.9% female students had felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for $\geq$ 2weeks in a row that they stopped doing some usually activities 20.5% of male middle school students have ever tried cigarette smoking. 26.2% of male students and 27.2% do female students had had over one drinks of alcohol during their lifetime(lifetime alcohol use). 47% of male students had had over one drinks of alcohol on $\geq$ 1 of the 30 days preceding the survey(current alcohol use). Over one half of female student were thought they were overweight. These results suggest that some risk behaviors be very prevalent in a korean middle school students and priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among youth and adult, often are establish during middle school age, extend into adulthood, are interrelated. Among both children and adults, the leading causes of death are closely linked to these behaviors. Among adults, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes are the national leading killers. Practicing healthy behaviors, such as eating low-fat, high-fruit-and-vegetable diets, getting regular physical activity, and refraining from tobacco use, would prevent many premature deaths. Because health-related behaviors are usually established in childhood, positive choices need to be promoted before damaging behaviors are initiated or become ingrained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine tuberculosis-related knowledge, attitude and preventive behaviors of middle school students and to investigate socio-demographic and health-related factors. Methods: 198 male and 188 female middle school students in M city were recruited for the survey. Independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA and $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test and Pearson's correlation were performed to examine factors associated with tuberculosis-related knowledge, attitude and preventive behaviors. Results: The percentage of correct answers to questions testing tuberculosis-related knowledge was very low, 33%. The mean scores of attitude and preventive behaviors were 3.02 and 2.90 out of 4 (highest score), respectively. Middle school students who had experiences of health education or tuberculosis-related education showed significantly higher scores than their counterparts in all factors - knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors. Parental education, academic achievement, smoking, sleeping time, infectious disease education, and source of tuberculosis information were associated with knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors. Knowledge about tuberculosis had a positive correlation with attitude and preventive behaviors. Conclusion: The level of tuberculosis-related knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors was very low among middle school students. In addition, school health education was highly related to a higher level of knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors regarding tuberculosis. Therefore, to intensify students' preventive behaviors against tuberculosis and other infection diseases, sustainable school health education should be provided for middle school students who are at risk of developing tuberculosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.41
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• pp.153-168
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine, specifically, the external and internal characteristics of anti-fashion expression in the Korean student movement after the 1945 Liberation. The dress expressed in the student movement represented the purity of student and characterized resistance, and this character expressed strongly in 80s, faded from middle of 90s. Until the 60s, the student movement was not characterized by, so activist students wore dress and suits. It symbolized students as an elite group of society. They added on head-bands to express resistance. In the 70s, activist students wore school uniforms, school military training wear, blue jeans and loose shirts in demonstrations. They tried to express re-bellion against the government and the older gen-eration. In the 80s, the period was remarkably distingusihing by the economic growth at that time. Activist students wore T-shirts with Korean letters and popular paintings specially made, Korean costumes, wrapped in the Taggeuki (Korean national flag), and refused wear on jeans because of anti-Americanism. They also wore masks, muffled their faces, and got their heads shaved. These anti-fashions are very strong expressions for the national independence spirit, national traditional heitage, anti-foreign power and anti-American. In the early 90s, activist students wore reformed Korean costumes specially made group uniforms, after that they wore casual everyday clothes with caps. They tried to express remarkable resistance in the early 90s, but after the mid-90s expression of resistance weakened and faded, so there was no distinction between activist and non-activist. There are the reasons why the student movement changed after the peaceful transfer of political power.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 1999

Recently our educational methodologies have been changed to an open, student-centered structure. Mathematics is now learned through experiential interaction and less emphasis is placed on abstract theories. For example, the axioms of the geometry in the middle school curriculum have been expressed by using symbolic letters. Students find these abstractions very difficult and it hinders their ability to grasp the significance of geometrical concepts. In an effort to simplify these abstract concepts and enhance the students interest and ability to learn, the GSP (Geometry Sketchpad) is proving to be a useful and effective tool. First, Second and third grade students have found the GSP to be extremely useful. While the pad has no sound function it still enables the students to freely change diagrams without disrupting the integrity of the program. There is also a running order of instructions at the bottom of the screen to facilitate the step by step understanding of mathematical procedures. This function makes the program ideal for use by teachers, students and even beginners. Anyone experiencing difficulty can get immediate assistance from the guidebook which is located at the back of each program. Allowing individuals to manipulate and actually see the changing deductions and axiom proofs on the computer screen provides them with immediate feedback and reinforcement. It also enhances their overall interest in learning geometry. The use of the GSP is proving to be an innovative and effective tool in facilitating the transition of mathematics into an open, student-centered educational forum.