• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2017

Background: The blunted tip of a reusable with multiple uses can cause problems with the passing procedure in arthroscopic Bankart repair. This study assessed the advantage of Scorpion with a $70^{\circ}$ arthroscope in arthroscopic Bankart repair compared to hook typed suture passer. Methods: Scorpion in 19 patients, the hook type suture passer (conventional group) in 18 patients were used. All patients underwent the same procedure except for the type of suture passer used. Another different point of the procedure were telescopes and the number of portals used; three arthroscopic portals (posterior, anterorsuperiorlateral, and mid-anterior) and a $30^{\circ}$ arthroscope in the conventional group, but two portals and a $70^{\circ}$ arthroscope as well as the $30^{\circ}$ one in the Scorpion group. The surgery time and the surgical complications including an iatrogenic axillary nerve injury were recorded. Results: The Scorpion group showed a significant decrease in surgery time compared to the conventional group. In contrast to the conventional group, Scorpion provided an easy estimation of the exit of suture passing, no iatrogenic labral injury during the passing procedure with straight movement and the sharp tip of the knife installed. Iatrogenic supraspinatus injuries could be avoided when making an accessory anteosuperiorlateral portal due to the $70^{\circ}$ arthroscope. Conclusions: In arthroscopic Bankart repair, the use of the Scorpion suture passer and a $70^{\circ}$ arthroscope can reduce the surgery time, avoid unnecessary supraspinatus injury, and avoid iatrogenic axillary nerve damage through the relatively easy and precise suture passing and saving of the anterosuperior portal.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.903-909
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was evaluated on the applicability of Load Duration Curve Method (LDC Method) using HSPF watershed model and sampling data for efficient TMDLs in Korea. The LDC Method was used for assessment pollutant characteristics in watershed and water quality variation in each water flow level. Load Duration Curve is applied for judge the level of impaired water-body and can be estimated the impaired level by pollutant, such as BOD, T-N, and T-P in this study depending on variation of stream flow. As a result, BOD, T-P was usually exceed the standard value at low flow and dry hydrologic period. Improvement of effluent concentration from WWTP and riparian buffer protection zone are effective to improve the water quality. T-N showed the worst condition at mid-range hydrologic period and moist hydrologic period. Therefore, soil erosion control program and BMPs for non-point source pollution control is effective for recovery the water quality, which can be useful method for management of water quality in the plan of recovery water quality spontaneously. Applicability of LDC Method was evaluated in the Nakbon A watershed. However, we need to consider more detailed and accumulated data set such as accurate GIS data and detail pollution data, and WWTP discharge water quality data for accurate evaluation of watershed. Overall, The LDC Method is adequate for evaluation of watersheds characteristics, and its application is recommended for watershed management and TMDL Implementation.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.224-237
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• 2010

수중 운동체가 가동할 때 돔 앞쪽에 설치된 센서에 유기되는 진동파 소음은 구조를 통해 전달된다. 구조를 통해 전달되는 소음과 진동이 음향 센서의 성능을 저하시키는 요인이 되지 않도록 구조물로 타고 들어오는 진동파를 효과적으로 차단하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 CRP(Carbon Reinforced Plastic)와 SNORE링(Self-NOise REduction Ring)를 설치하고 주파수에 따른 변위와 응력의 변화를 관찰하였다. 곡면 구조물의 재질은 알루미늄이며 최대 외경 530mm, 길이 215mm 정도이다. 곡면 구조물의 전면부는 직경이 270mm이며 평면형상으로 되어 있다. 주파수에 따른 CRP와 SNORE 링 부착 전후에서의 응력 감소율을 시뮬레이션 하였으며 12kHz와 15kHz 주변에서는 95% 이상의 감소율을 보였다. 음향 센서의 부착 위치에 따른 응력의 변화를 계산하였으며 중심부에서 가장 높게 나타났고 20mm, 40mm 떨어진 곳으로 이동할수록 응력의 크기가 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 음향센서의 감도를 높이는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was not only to clearly examine the features of the scenery and visual elements of Oreum (parasitic cones) but also to investigate primary factors in landscape preferences for these cones. This study further attempted to gain basic information for examining the preservation of Oreum in regards to the influence of scenery on the general public. A Multiple Regression Analysis was used for this study for which the independent variable was the area ratio of the fore-, mid-, and background of the view under the feature element and the structure of the scenery at the Oreum. The dependent variables were the preference value, the number of summits, and the highest altitude of the Oreum. All but the highest inclination were positive variables. The area ratio of the Oreum was found to be the most important variable. The area of sky and the area of the distant scenery were shown to be positive explanation variables, while the area to the fore of the view and the area to the middle of the view were shown as negative explanation variable. In the preference for Oreum scenery, which has a high visibility and is clearly outlined against the skyline, it was found that as the hindrance element of visibility near to a visual point or the area ratio increased, the preference for the Oreum scenery decreased.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제18C권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

전력분석공격은 스마트카드와 같은 저전력 보안장치에 대한 매우 강력한 공격방법이나, 측정된 전력신호와 암호알고리듬 실행 시 추정되는 중간 값과의 상관도를 연산하는 시점이 시간적으로 일치되어야 가능하다. 보안장치에 랜덤클럭을 적용하면 측정된 전력신호 분석 시점이 서로 일치하지 않게 되므로 랜덤클럭이 전력분석 공격에 대한 방어대책으로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 전력분석공격에서 랜덤클럭 전력신호에 대한 일정피치 기반의 시간적 정렬 방법을 제안한다. 제안방법은 랜덤클럭이 적용된 보안 장치로부터 측정된 전력신호를 일정한 크기를 갖는 기준피치에 맞추어 시간 축 상의 위치와 크기를 정렬하므로 랜덤 클럭 방어대책을 공격할 수 있는 새로운 방법이다. 마지막으로, 랜덤클럭이 적용된 스마트카드 환경에서 실행된 AES 블럭 암호화 알고리듬에 대하여 제안된 방법을 적용하여 그 공격 가능성을 검토한다.

• 대기
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.451-466
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• 2010

This edition has continued since 2006 tropical cyclone season our effort to provide standard tropical cyclone summaries by the western North Pacific basin and detailed reviews of operationally or meteorologically significant tropical cyclones to document significant challenges and shortfalls in the tropical cyclone warning system to serve as a focal point for research and development efforts. The tropical cyclone season of 2009 in the western North Pacific basin is summarized and the main characteristics of general atmospheric circulation are described. Also, the official track and intensity forecasts of these cyclones are verified. The total number is less than 59-year (1951~2009) average frequency of 26.4. The 2009 western North Pacific season was an inactive one, in which 22 tropical storms generated. Of these, 13 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 9 TCs only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - three STS and six TS storms. On average of 22 TCs in 2009, the Korea Meteorological Administration official track forecast error for 48 hours was 219 km. There was a big challenge for individual cyclones such as 0902 CHAN-HOM, 0909 ETAU, and 0920 LUPIT resulting in significant forecast error, with both intricate tracks and irregular moving speed. There was no tropical cyclone causing significant direct impact to the country. The tropical cyclone season in 2009 began in May with the formation of KUJIRA (0901). In September and October, ten TSs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity. On the other hand, the TC activity was very weak from June to July. It is found that the unusual anti-cyclonic circulation in the lower level and weak convection near the Philippines are dominant during summertime. The convection and atmospheric circulation in the western North Pacific contributed unfavorable condition for TC activity in the 2009 summertime. Year 2009 has continued the below normal condition since mid 1990s which is apparent in the decadal variability in TC activity.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

2010년부터 2012년까지 전국 각지 야외에서 조사한 바둑돌부전나비의 생태학적 특성은 다음과 같다. 1. 이대에 서식하는 일본납작진딧물은 바둑돌부전나비 유충의 먹이로서 지표로부터 폭넓게 분포하였으며, 조사 8회 차인 6월 13일부터 밀도가 현저히 감소하였다. 2. 일본납작진딧물과 바둑돌부전나비가 가장 많은 밀도를 보이는 곳은 줄기와 가장 인접한 부위이었다. 3. 바둑돌부전나비의 유충 예상 령수는 4령으로 추측된다. 4. 바둑돌부전나비 성충의 야외 노출 시 생존시간 조사 결과, 2분 이내에 사망하는 것으로 조사 되었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.477-501
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• 2016

Though hilly topography influences both wind speeds and directions aloft, only the influence on wind speeds, i.e. the speed-up effect, has been thoroughly investigated. Due to the importance of a model showing the spatial variations of wind directions above hilly terrains, it is worthwhile to systematically assess the applicability and limitations of the model describing the influence of hilly topographies on wind directions. Based on wind-tunnel test results, a model, which describes the horizontal and vertical variations of the wind directions separately, has been proposed in a companion paper. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques were employed in the present paper to evaluate the applicability of the proposed model. From the investigation, it has been found that the model is acceptable for describing the vertical variation of wind directions by a shallow hill whose primary-to-secondary axis ratio (aspect ratio) is larger than 1. When the overall hill slope exceeds $20^{\circ}$, the proposed model should be used with caution. When the aspect ratio is less than 1, the proposed model is less accurate in predicting the spatial variation of wind directions in the wake zone in a separated flow. In addition, it has been found that local slope of a hill has significant impact on the applicability of the proposed model. Specifically, the proposed model is only applicable when local slope of a hill varies gradually from 0 (at the hill foot) to the maximum value (at the mid-slope point) and then to 0 (at the hill top).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1490-1495
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• 2007

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is a member of the IGF super family, and regulates the action of IGFs. The polymorphism of porcine IGFBP-4 gene in 17 pig breeds (total n = 570) was detected by PCR-SSCP, and alleles A and B were detected. In these pig breeds, it was found that exotic pig breeds carried high frequencies of allele A, while Chinese native pig breeds carried high frequencies of allele B. The role of porcine IGFBP-4 was investigated in 172 F2 offspring of a $Lantang{\times}Lantang $ population. Forty eight growth traits were recorded for analyzing the association between IGFBP-4 gene polymorphism and quantitative performance traits. In this resource family, pigs with AA genotype had higher fore-body weight, bone weight of mid-body, bone weight of rear-body, fore-leg weight and rear-leg weight than those pigs with BB genotype (p<0.05); while pigs which carried BB genotype had higher back-fat thickness at C point and lard weight than those pigs with AA genotype (p<0.05); pigs with AA genotype had higher body weight than those with BB genotype; for meat quality traits, pigs with AA genotype had higher meat color than those of BB genotype (p<0.01), and pigs with BB genotype had higher marbling than those of AA and AB genotypes (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).Based on these results, it is necessary to do more studies on IGFBP-4 before using the IGFBP-4 locus for the application of marker-assisted selection programs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 1998

Background: The patients of facial hyperhidrosis have been known that they had much difficulties in interpersonal relationships and social activities due to excessive hidrosis when they were in stress, hot weather, or having meals. Previous drug therapy and stellate ganglion block have only temporary effects. The surgical method, $T_1$ sympathetomy has the risk of Hornor's syndrome. For that reasons, the sympathicotomy of proximal and distal portions of $T_2$ sympathetic ganglion with electroresectoscope used in transurethral resection seemed to be appropriate procedure, and we would like to report the results of our procedure. Method: Under the general anesthesia with semi-sitting position, and the portal was made through the small incision along the upper border of the 4th rib at the crossing point of mid-axillary line. After the partial collapse of lung by insufflation of 300 to 500 ml of $CO_2$, $T_2$ sympathetic ganglion was identified and resected proximally and distally with electro-cauterization. Finally the lung was expanded by limiting flow until the airway pressure reached 30 to 40 cm$H_2O$, and the wound was closed after removal of electroresectoscope. Result: There was no postoperative complication requiring surgical interventions. The facial sweating was stopped immediately after the operation and all the patients appeared to be satisfied. Conclusion: $T_2$ sympathicotomy with TUR electroresectoscope is thought be the minimal invasive and highly successful method in the treatment of facial hyperhidrosis. But longer terms follow-up will be needed to prove this result.