• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.30-30
• /
• 2002

It has been reported that the creep characteristics on weldment which is composed of weld metal(W.M), fusion line(F.L), heat-affected zone(HAZ), and base meta(B.M) could be unpredictably changed in severe service conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. However, the studies done on creep damage in power plant components have been mostly conducted on B.M and not the creep properties of the localized microstructures in weldment have been thoroughly investigated yet. In this paper, it is investigated the creep characteristics for three microstructures like coarse-grain HAZ(CGHAZ), W.M, and B.M in X20CrMoV121 steel weldment by the small punch-creep-(SP-Creep) test using miniaturized specimen(l0×10×0.5mm). The W.M microstructure possesses the higher creep resistance and shows lower creep strain rate than the B.M and CGHAZ. In the lower creep load the highest creep strain rate is exhibited in CGHAZ, whereas in the higher creep load the B.M represents the high creep strain rate. The power law correlation for all microstructures exists between creep rate and creep load at 600℃. The values of creep load index (n) based on creep strain rate for B.M, CGHAZ, and W.M are 7.54, 4.23, and 5.06, respectively and CGHAZ which shows coarse grains owing to high welding heat has the lowest creep loade index. In all creep loads, the creep life for W.M shows the highest value.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 1999

The study was carried out to examine in more detail metallurgical and mechanical properties of brazed joints of diamond cutting wheel. In this work, shank(mild steel) and sintered bronze-base tips were brazed with three different filler materials(W-40, BAgl and BAg3S). The machine used in this work was a high frequency induction brazing equipment. The joint thickness, porosities and microstructure of brazed joints with brazing variables(brazing temperature, holding time) were evaluated with OLM, SEM, EDS and XRD. Bending(torque) test was also performed to evaluate strength of brazed joints. Further wetting test was performed in a vacuum furnace in order to evaluate the wettability of filler metals on base metals9shank and tips). The brazing temperature had a strong influence on the joint strength and the optimum brazing temperature range was about $700~850^{\circ}C$ for the bronze/steel combinations. The strength of the brazed joint was found to be influenced by the three factors : degree of reaction region, porosity content, joint thickness. The reaction region was formed in the bronze-base tip adjacent to the joint. The reaction region resulted in a bad influence on the strength due to the formation of Cu5.6Sn, CuZn4, $\beta(CuZn)$ and CdAg, etc. Porosities increased as brazing variables(brazing temperature, holding time) increased, and the brazed joints with porosities of less than about 3-5% had an optimum strength for the bronze-base tip.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2011

As the dimension of Cu interconnects has continued to reduce, its resistivity is expected to increase at the nanoscale due to increased surface and grain boundary scattering of electrons. To suppress increase of the resistivity in nanoscale interconnects, alloying Cu with other metal elements such as Al, Mn, and Ag is being considered to increase the mean free path of the drifting electrons. The formation of Al alloy with a slight amount of Cu broadly studied in the past. The study of Cu alloy including a very small Al fraction, by contrast, recently began. The formation of Cu-Al alloy is limited in wet chemical bath and was mainly conducted for fundamental studies by sputtering or evaporation system. However, these deposition methods have a limitation in production environment due to poor step coverage in nanoscale Cu metallization. In this work, gap-filling of Cu-Al alloy was conducted by cyclic MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition), followed by thermal annealing for alloying, which prevented an unwanted chemical reaction between Cu and Al precursors. To achieve filling the Cu-Al alloy into sub-100nm trench without overhang and void formation, furthermore, hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the trench pattern with Ru barrier layer was conducted in order to suppress of Cu nucleation and growth near the entrance area of the nano-scale trench by minimizing adsorption of metal precursors. As a result, superconformal gap-fill of Cu-Al alloy could be achieved successfully in the high aspect ration nanoscale trenches. Examined morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and electrical properties of superfilled Cu-Al alloy will be discussed in detail.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2020

Ionic Liquid (IL) in the category of low-temperature molten salts with organic cation and organic/inorganic anion has shown great potentiality in CO₂ gas separation. CO₂ gas separation from flue gas by IL based membrane has been widely researched in recent years to overcome climate change and global warming. Membranes based on free standing polyionic liquid (PIL), blend of ionic liquid and composite ionic liquid membranes are discussed in this review. Introducing different IL monomers and tuning microstructure of PIL membrane and composite of PIL-IL to enhance mechanical properties of membranes with good CO₂ gas permeability and selectivity. Variations in cation and anions of monomer has great impact on the membrane gas separation performance.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.430-436
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we have studied the effect of constituent ratio NiO, CuO and doped with B-Bi-Zn on proper-ties(microstructure, density, shrinkage, permeability as a function of frequency, etc.) of hexagonal-ferrite for high fre- quency chip-inductor material about several GHz. The permeability were analyzed by impedance analyzer(100 kHz∼ 40 MHz) and network analyzed(30 MHz∼3 GHz). As a result of the characteristics. the B-Bi-Zn glass ceramic was used to lower the sintering temperature for additive as function of frequency from 100kHz to 1.8 GHz showed con-stant tends. The maximum imaginary value of complex permeability was observed near the resonance frequency of 2 GHz.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 1997

고주파 마그네트론 반응성 스퍼터링(rf magnetron reactive sputtering)으로 티타늄산화물 박막을 제조하여 산소비율에 따른 반응성 스퍼터링의 증착기구를 조사하고 산소비율 및 기판온도에 따른 산화물 조성의 변화, 미세조직, 광학적 특성의 변화를 연구하였다. 기존의 진공기상증착법으로 증착만 박막에 비해, 금속타겟을 사용하여 높은 증착속도를 얻을 수 있는 반응성 마그네트론 스퍼터링으로 성막한 티타늄산화물 박막은 치밀도가 우수하여 높은 굴절률(2.06)과 높은 광투과율을 보였다. 상온에서 성막된 티타늄 산화물박막의 경우, 산소비율이 낮은 조건에서는 다결정형의조직을 보였으나 산소비율이 높은 경우에는 비정질조직을 나타냈으며, 기판온도가 30$0^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 산소비율에 상관없이 다결정형의 조직을 나타냈다. 하지만 산소비율이 임계값이상에서는 박막의 조성, 증착속도 등이 거의 변하지 않는 안정된 증착조건을 보였다. 30% 이상의 산소비율의 반응성 스퍼터링의 조건에서는 TiO$_{2}$의 조성의 박막으로 성장하여 약 3.82-3.87 eV의 band gap을 나타냈으며 기판온도의 증가에 따라 비정질 TiO$_{2}$에서 다결정 TiO$_{2}$으로 조직의 변화를 보여 광투과도도 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.269-273
• /
• 2002

The NASICON solid electrolyte films, $Na_{1+x}Zr_2Si_xP_{3-x}O_{12}$(1.5< x < 2.3), was prepared from ceramic slurry by modified doctor-blade process. The NASICON solid electrolyte and fabricated sensors, Pt-electrode/NASICON/Carbonate$(Na_2CO_3-K_2CO_3CaCO_3\; system)$ electrode, were investigated to measure phase, microstructure and e.m.f variation for sensing $CO_2$ concentration. The uniform grain size of $2-4{\mu}m$ and major phase of sodium zirconium silicon phosphate phase, $Na_{1+x}Zr_2Si_xP_{3-x}O_{12}$was identified with X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The Nernst's slope of 84 mV/decade for $CO_2$ concentration from 500 to 8000 ppm was obtained at operating temperature of $400^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2015

The effect of Al content on the processing of reaction-bonded $Al_2O_3$ (RBAO) ceramics using 40v/o ~ 80v/o Al-Zn-Mg alloy powder was studied in order to improve traditional RBAO ceramic processes that use ~ 40v/o pure Al powder. The influence of high Al content in starting $Al_2O_3$-Al alloy powder mixtures on its particulate characteristics, reaction-bonding, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties was revealed. Starting $Al_2O_3$-Al alloy powder mixtures with 40v/o ~ 80v/o Al alloy powder were milled, reaction-bonded, post-sintered, and characterized. With an increasing Al alloy content, the milling efficiency of Al alloy powder was lowered, resulting in a larger particle size after milling. However, in spite of the larger particle size of Al alloy powder, the oxidation, i.e., reaction-bonding, of the Al alloy was successfully completed via solid and liquid state oxidation, in which the activation energy of the oxidation was nearly the same regardless of Al alloy content. After reaction-bonding and post-sintering at $1600^{\circ}C$, RBAO ceramics from 80v/o Al alloy content showed a relative density of ~97% and a flexural strength of 251 MPa compared to ~ 96% and 353 MPa for RBAO ceramics from 40v/o Al alloy content, respectively. The lower flexural strength at 80v/o Al alloy content was due to the weak spinel phase that formed from Zn, Mg alloying elements in Al.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 2012

Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were prepared under high temperature and pressure conditions by mixture of metal nitrate solution and $TiO_2$ sol. Fe doped $TiO_2$ particles were reacted in the temperature range of 170 to $200^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The microstructure and phase of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were studied by SEM (FE-SEM), TEM, and XRD. Thermal properties of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were studied by TG-DTA analysis. TEM and X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were crystalline. The average size and distribution of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were about 10 nm and narrow, respectively. The average size of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles increased as the reaction temperature increased. The overall reduction in weight of Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles was about 16% up to ${\sim}700^{\circ}C$; water of crystallization was dehydrated at $271^{\circ}C$. The transition of Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticle phase from anatase to rutile occurred at almost $561^{\circ}C$. The amount of rutile phase of the synthesized Fe doped $TiO_2$ nanoparticles increased with decreasing Fe concentration. The effects of synthesis parameters, such as the concentration of the starting solution and the reaction temperature, are discussed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 1993

ATZ was prepared by adding an alumina sol equivalent to 2wt% as $Al_2O_3$ to an aqueous slurry of alumina (AKP-30) and zirconia (TZ-2Y or TZ-0Y) in the range of 10-30ATZ, followed by gelation, calcination, and sintereing between $1450^{\circ}C{\sim}1550^{\circ}C$ for 2h. They showed excellent microstructure with alumina grains of <$0.5{\mu}m$ and>99% of the theoretical density. Fracture toughness of ${\sim}8MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ was observed around 20ATZ which was higher than $6MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ obtainable by ball-milling.