• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-90
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• 2023

Endotracheal intubation is often necessary in the course of animal experiments, especially in craniofacial surgery. However, endotracheal intubation can be a major burden in this context. The authors performed simple and cost-saving method using a 200 µL yellow micropipette tip, and the success of this method was demonstrated by X-ray and autopsy. We used a total of 30 rats. After the rats were fixed with a plaster, the trachea and vocal cords were visualized with the tongue pulled back. Under direct visualization of the vocal cords, a curving micropipette tip was advanced into the trachea. This method can be learned quickly and applied successfully by general experimenters. We successfully intubated all 30 rats without any complications. The success rate of micropipette tip intubation was 100%. This procedure was performed by one experimenter within 2 to 3 minutes after induction of anesthesia. We demonstrated its superiority by X-ray and autopsy. Herein, we describe endotracheal intubation of rats using micropipette tips. To the best of our knowledge, this method is novel and represents the simplest and most efficient means of intubation in rats, providing an alternative to conventional endotracheal intubation.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.309-314
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• 2013

Glass micropipettes are widely used for drug injection in neurological studies. To enable these devices to monitor neural activity simultaneously with drug injection, an electrode such as Ag/AgCl must be located near or inserted into the glass micropipette to detect electrical signals in vivo. Here, we report carbon-nanotube-modified glass micropipettes (CNGs), which have excellent electrochemical properties such as low impedance and large electrochemical surface area suited for neural recording. In addition, using a standard pressure pump, CNGs can deliver drugs to the target region without bending. Because they are based on standard glass micropipettes, CNGs can readily be applied to traditional equipment, creating opportunities to monitor precisely the drug-injected area.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate on the survival rates and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by micromanipulator and micropipette. Bisected embryos were cultured for 1∼5 days in 20% FCS＋TCM-199 medium. Survival rate and in vitro developmental rate were defined as development rate on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The survival rates of intact or free zona pellucida of bisected embryos were 30.3 and 25.0%, respectively. And the survival rates of bisected embryos by micromanipulator and micropipette were 33.3 and 26.7%, respectively. The survival rate of bisected embryos was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(65.0%). 2. The survival rates of bisection embryos in cultured for 12, 24, 48, 72 hrs with 20% FCS＋TCM-199 medium were 40.0, 30.0, 23.3 and 13.3%, respectively. 3. The in vitro developmental rates of intact of free zona pellucida of bisected embryos by micromainipulator and micropipettes were 33.3 and 26.7%, respectively. The survival rate of bisection embryos was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(45.0%).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate on the survival and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by microblade, micropipette and pronase methods. Bisected embryos cultured for 1∼7 days in TCM-199 media with 10 FCS＋hormones. Survival and in vitro developmental rates was defined on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The survival and in vitro developmental rates of bisected bovine embryos by microblade, micropipette and pronase methods were 22.2, 16.7, 15.0% and 22.2, 23.3, 18.8%, respectively. In vitro developmental rate of bisected bovine embryos was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(27.8% and 25.0%). 2. In vitro developmental rates of bovine embryos bisected for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 cells stages during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 25.0, 20.0, 20.0, 15.0 and 6.7%, respectively. 3. In vitro developmental rates of intact and free-zona pellucida of bisected demi-embryos during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 25.6, 16.7%, respectively. 4. In vitro developmental rates of biopsied embryos and biopsied blastomeres during in vitro culture in 10% FCS＋TCM-199 media were 20.0, 11.1%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 1999

The purpose of these study was to investigate the use of a glass micropipette (GMP) as a vessel for vitrification of bovine IVP blastocysts, to compare the post-thaw survival rates of bovine blastocysts frozen in GMP with those frozen in OPS that have been previously investigated, and to improve the hatching rate following vitrification with GMP method. The GMP vessel permits higher freezing and warming rate than the OPS due to the higher heat conductivity of the glass and lower mass of the solution that contains the embryos. Groups of three bovine IVP blastocysts were sequentially placed into vitrification solution before being loaded into either the OPS or GMP vessels and immersed into L$N_2$within 20 to 25 sec. Post-thaw blastocysts were serially washed in 0.25 and 0.15 M sucrose in HM and TCM-199 for each 5 min, respectively, and then cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FCS for 24 h. The rate of blastocyst re-expanding did not significantly different for OPS (75.9%) and GMP (80.0%) methods (P＞0.05). The hatching rates in OPS (34.1%) and GMP (37.5%) methods were significantly lower than that in control group (54.3%) (P＞0.05). In addition, the rate of blastocyst re-expanding was significantly lower if blastocysts were vitrified in the wide portion of the micropipette rather than the narrow portion of the micropipette (83.3 vs 56.7%) (P＞0.05), even though three blastocysts were loaded per vessel. The hatching rate in 0.05% pronase solution treatment for 30, 60 and 90 see (45.9, 54.7 and 57.5%) were significantly higher than that in control (35.0%), even though there was not significantly different between 30 see and control. These results indicate that both vitrification vessels can provide high survival rates of bovine IVP blastocysts. However, the GMP vessel has the advantage over the OPS, in that the former does not need a cap to protect the vessel from floating after immersion in L$N_2$. The location of the embryos (narrow or wide portion of immersion) were considered to be limiting factors to the viability of bovine IVP embryos. The exposing in 0.05% pronase solution for 60 or 90 see can increase hatching rates of post-thaw bovine IVP blastocysts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the warming temperature and exposed time on the post-thaw survival rate and viability of bovine blastocyst cryopreserved by GMP vitrification. Groups of three bovine IVP blastocysts were sequentially placed into vitrification solution before being loaded into the GMP straws and immersed into LN$_2$within 20 to 25 sec. The warming rate was increased 2 times of warming temperature for improvement of post-thaw survival rates. The frozen embryos were warmed either at 35 or 70$^{\circ}C$ for 1 or 2 sec and then diluted in sucrose solution. Post-thaw blastocysts were serially washed in 0.25 and 0.15 M sucrose in holding medium (HM: TCM199 supplemented with 10% FCS) and TCM-199 for each 5 min, respectively, and then cultured in TCM199 for 24 h. The rate of re-expanded blastocyst was significantly different fer 35 and 70$^{\circ}C$ warming temporature (76.4 vs. 89.3%; P<0.05). The rate of re-expanded blastocyst at 70$^{\circ}C$ for 1 sec was significantly higher than that for 2 sec (91.1 vs. 70.9%; P<0.05). The number of nuclei counted were significantly different among control, 35 and 70$^{\circ}C$ (121${\pm}$8.5 vs. 104${\pm}$11.7 vs. 114${\pm}$10.3; P<0.05). These results indicated that the increasing of warming rate can provide high survival rates of bovine IVP blastocysts. Especially, the best viability of post-thaw blastocyst could be thaw at 70$^{\circ}C$ for 1 sec. The warming temperature and exposed time far warming was considered to be limiting factors to the viability of bovine IVP embryos. he purpose of this study was to investigate the warming temperature and expose.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate on the survival rate and in vitro developmental rate of bisected porcine embryos and immature oocytes by manipulator and micropipette. Bisected embryos and immature oocytes cultured for 1∼5 days in TCM 199 medium with 20% FCS. Survival rate was defined as development rate on in vitro culture or FDA-test. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The survival rate of bisected porcine embryos and oocytes were 26.1%, 22.7%, respectively. The survival rate of bisected embryos and oocytes was significantly lower than that of non-bisection embryos(62.5%). 2. The survival rate of bisected porcine embryos in cultured for 12, 24, 48, 72 hrs with 20% FCS＋TCM-199 medium were 26.9%, 19.2%, 19.2% and 11.5%, respectively. 3. The in-vitro developmental rate with and without zona pellucida of bisected porcine embryos by micromanipulator were 30.8%, 25.0%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2002

This study was designed to examine the ability of the bovine (MII) oocytes cytoplasm to support several mitotic cell cycles under the direction of differentiated somatic cell nuclei of bovine, human, porcine and mouse. Bovine GV oocytes were matured in TCM-l99 supplemented with l0% FBS. At 22 h after IVM, denuded recipient oocytes were stained with 5 ㎍/㎖ Hoechst and their 1 st polar body (PB) and MII plate were removed by enucleation micropipette under. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2012

It is important to know the mechanism of cell membrane fluctuation because it can be readout for the nanomechanical interaction between cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Traditional techniques, however, have drawbacks such as probe contact with the cell surface, complicate analysis, and limit spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we developed a new system for non-contact measurement of nano-scale localized-cell surface dynamics using modified-scanning ion-conductance microscopy. With 2 nm resolution, we determined that endothelial cells have local membrane fluctuations of ~20 nm, actin depolymerization causes increase in fluctuation amplitude, and ATP depletion abolishes all membrane fluctuations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

Hydrodynamic focusing technique to generate focused flow has been used for flow cytometry in microfluidic devices. However, devices with circular capillary tubes made of glass are not suitable for flow visualization or optical signal detection because the rays of light are distorted at the curved interface. We devised a new acrylic chamber assembled with a pulled micropipette and a rectangular microchannel made of glass. This new channel geometry enabled us to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) flow characteristics with confocal imaging technique. We analyzed the 3D hydrodynamic focusing in a circular capillary tube and a rectangular microchannel over a practical range of flow rates, viscosities and pressure drops.