• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Algal blooms occur seasonally in the eutrophicated rivers or reservoirs, and some harmful cyanobacteria species produce toxic substances, which are directly or indirectly harmful to the ecosystem and terrestrial animals. So, the monitoring and control of harmful cyanobacteria occurrence and toxins residual in the aquasystem are important to preserve the water environment and secure public health. In this study, the four harmful cyanobacteria occurrences and toxic substance concentrations of two agricultural reservoirs in the southern part of Gyeonggi Province were investigated from August to October 2022. Among four harmful cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp., Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., Aphanizomenon sp.), three kinds of cyanobacteria except Oscillatoria sp. were observed, and Microcystis sp. was the dominant cyanobacteria except for Anabaena sp. dominant result of a sample collected on October at reservoir B. The cell density of cyanobacteria was influenced by season and weather due to the length of daytime and concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen. Three kinds of microcystin and anatoxin-a were quantitatively analyzed as total (in the cell body and water) and extracellular (in water) concentrations. The maximum total concentrations of anatoxin-a, microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, and microcystin-YR were 0.1291 ㎍/L, 0.2776 ㎍/L, 0.3721 ㎍/L, and 0.0306 ㎍/L, respectively, in reservoir A and 0.3274 ㎍/L, 0.1495 ㎍/L, 0.2037 ㎍/L, and 0.0153 ㎍/L, respectively, in reservoir B.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2000

This study investigated the removal characteristics, Microcystin decomposition and generation of by-products when aqueous Microcystis sp. is oxidized by ozone. The concentration of Microcystin (MC) in aqueous solution has been found by HPLC analysis to decrease continuously by ozonation after the initial, abrupt increase. The kinetic constant of the decomposition of MC-RR and -LR were 0.0596 and 0.0243, respectively. This means that removal efficiency of MC-RR by its oxidative decomposition is preferable compared with that of MC-LR. On the other hand, it has been found that the decomposition product, TOC, exhibits the continuous decrease in the concentration by further ozonation, while DOC and UV-254 increase temporarily until 10 minutes before the decrease. Furthermore, the GC/MSD analysis has revealed that the ozonation of Microcystis sp. for 100minutes affords five kinds of aldehydes, six kinds of alcohols, and trans-1, 2-dimethyl-cyclopropane.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

남조류의 독성 잠재력을 확인하기 위해 microcystins 합성 유전자인 mcyB에 특이적으로 작용하는 TOX2P/TOX2M primer쌍을 이용한 whole-cell PCR을 실시하였다. 환경시료를 대상으로 한 실험 결과에서 TOX2P/TOX2M primer쌍은 약 1,000 $cells{\cdot}mL^{-1}$의 낮은 밀도에서 효과적으로 mcyB 유전자의 증폭에 성공하였으며, mcyB유전자를 지닌 종들은 모두 ELISA분석에 의해 microcystins의 생성이 확인되었다. 따라서, TOX2P/TOX2M primer쌍은 국내의 수체에서 독성 남조류의 신속하고 효과적인 검출을 위한 유용한 probe로 판단되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2006

Microcystin-LR(MC-LR), a cyanobacterial toxin produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, causes severe hepatotoxicity. Here we investigated the morphologic changes of rat hepatocyte spheroid induced by exposure of MC-LR($10^{-6}M$) in vitro. In addition, to determine the effects of such toxin in the process of hepatocyte spheroid formation, primarily isolated hepatocytes were incubated with MC-LR and the process of spheroid formation was observed. In both hepatocyte spheroid and suspension culture systems, the morphologic changes caused by MC-LR were noticible at 5 min post exposure and were characterized by the loss of microvilli, cytoplasmic vacuolation, the accumulation of lipid droplets, and blob formation. Especially, the size and numbers of blob on the cell surface were increased as the incubation time prolonged and the appearance of electron dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte at 20 min post exposure. Furthermore, bile canaliculi-like structures in the hepatocyte spheroids were slightly widened and the process of spheroids formation was inhibited in the isolated hepatocytes incubated with MC-LR. These results indicate that morphologic changes in. the hepatocyte membrane and organelles seem to be typical events in showing the MC-LR induced hepatotoxic effects and the spheroid culture method might be a useful experimental tool to evaluate hepatoxicity since it reflects the in vivo status of hepatocytes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.649-655
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• 2005

Microcystis aeruginosa is common form of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) capable of producing toxic heptapeptide (microcystin) that cause illness or death. The comparison of molecular genetic method with the morphological characteristics of cyanobacteria was conducted. We have designed PCR primers (JJM98F, JJM1141R) for cyanobacterial 16S rRNA and phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) gene domain. To confirm the production of microcystins, PCR primers for the N-methyltransferase (NMT) domain of microcystin synthetase gene mcyA were designed using 21 cyanobacteria strains Most of isolated strains from the Nakdong River was classified as Microcystis aeruginosa and the similarities were $99\%$ with M. aeruginosa AF 139292. $38.1\%$ of isolated strains contained microcystin synthesis gene. NMT (N-methyltransferase) were not detected in isolated strain in several strains, which means non-toxic. However, the NMTs of the strains were detected during the cultivation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.939-942
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• 2005

For the detection of cyanobacterial toxin, an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was integrated into a PDMS microchip. The conjugates of microcystin-LR (MCLR) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were adsorbed on the surface of polystyrene beads and these MCLR-KLH polystyrene beads were introduced into a microchamber. MCLR on the surface of polystyrene beads reacted with horseradish peroxides (HRP) conjugated anti-MCLR monoclonal antibody (mAb) which had a competitive reaction with MCLR in water sample. After the enzyme substrate 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) was injected into the chamber and catalyzed by HRP, the color change was detected with a liquid-cord waveguide. This integration shortened the conventional ELISA analysis time from several hours to about 30 min with only 4.2 $\mu$L MCLR sample consuming which was useful for the environmental analysis. More over, troublesome operations required for ELISA could be replaced by simple operations. The microchip based detection system showed a good sensitivity of 0.05 $\mu$g/L and maintained good reliability through its quantitative range with low coefficients of variation (2.5-10.5%).

• 생태와환경
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.347-357
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• 2011

2010년 고온기 (여름~가을) 동안 수체 크기와 수질이 서로 다른 부영양 하천 (경안천, 제천천) 및 저수지 (인경 저수지, 중앙저수지)의 유기물 제어를 목적으로 기 개발된 식물- 광물 혼합제(PMC)를 동일한 농도($0.05\;mg\;L^{-1}$)로 각각 처리하고 수질, 플랑크톤 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 남조 Microcystis aeruginosa 밀도가 높았던 중앙저수지에서는 동시에 조류 독소 microcystin-LR 변화를 각각 조사하였다. 실험은 수체의 크기를 고려하여 인경저수지를 제외한 나머지 장소에서는 실험용 메조코즘을 설치하였다. 실험결과, 강우와 어류에 의한 교란이 심했던 경안천에서는 모든 항목에 대하여 45% 이하의 낮은 수질개선능을 보인 반면, 수체가 안정되고 남조류 밀도가 높았던 수체에서는 SS (70~81%), TP (75~91%), BOD (65~91%), Chl-a (88~98%), 식물플랑크톤 (84~92%), 동물플랑크톤 (68~88%) 등에 높은 수질개선효과를 보였다. 한편 PMC 처리 후 조체성에 비해 용존성 독소(96%)가 현저하게 감소하여 유해물질 제어 가능성을 나타냈다. 따라서 기 개발된 PMC는 수체 교란이 적고 남조류가 우점하는 수체내 유기물 제어에 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 1996년도 수산관련공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.281-282
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• 1996

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2000년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.148.1-148
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• 2000

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2003

To investigate the interaction of bacteria and Microcystis isolated from a hypertrophic reservoir(Seo-Nakdong River), the response of five bacteria in relation to the different treatment of Microcystis and microcystin production by addition of dominant bacteria Staphylococcus sciuri were examined. Five bacteria (S. sciuri, S. capitis, S. epidermis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas aimonicida) were identified from the reservoir. In the experiment of bacterial response, two types of bacterial growth pattern were observed. All bacteria showed active growth in heated Microcystis-added media. Especially, three species of bacteria (S. sciuri, S. capitis and P. aeruginosa) among them showed active growth in live Microcystis-added media. In Microcystis response, increase of microcystin production showed when dominant bacteria, S. sciuri was added.