• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2018

The resistance to corrosion of additive manufactured (3D printing) Ti-6Al-4V alloys was investigated using micro-electrochemical tests. In terms of corrosion resistance, the acicular martensitic ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ phase in such additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V was the focus of attention, and its behavior was distinct from that of conventional subtractive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V. To order to identify ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ phase, XRD tests were performed and micro Vickers hardness was measured for different grains (bright and dark grains) in the additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Micro-electrochemical tests were performed to measure corrosion resistance of bright and dark grains in the additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy with specially designed electrochemical micro-droplet cell. Critical pitting temperature (CPT) measurement was performed to evaluate the resistance to pitting corrosion of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys with different volumes of ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ phase and subtractive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The dark grains of the laminated Ti-6Al-4V alloy distributed broader than the bright grains measured with low microhardness. The dark grains of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which was rich in martensite ${\alpha}^{\prime}$, had lower general corrosion and pitting resistance than bright grains. As the fraction of martensite ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ phase increased, the resistance to the pitting corrosion decreased.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2015

본 연구는 지각과민처치제에 항균 물질을 첨가하여 항균실험 및 지각과민처치제의 세포독성실험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 항균실험에서는 Micro Prime은 항균 약물의 농도가 높을수록 항균력도 높게 나타나 각 그룹간의 항균 범위는 통계적인 유의차를 나타내었다(p<0.05). Hurri Seal에서는 gallic acid 항균 약물 농도가 높을수록 항균력이 높게 나타났지만(p<0.05), tetracycline을 함유한 desensitizer에서는 농도가 높을수록 항균효과는 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 chlorhexidine과 cetylpyridinium chloride에서는 대조군에서만 차이를 나타내고(p<0.05), 각 실험군에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 세포독성도를 평가한 결과 Micro Prime은 미약한 세포독성을 나타냈으며, Hurri Sea은 심한 세포독성을 나타냈다. 이상의 연구결과로 지각과민처치제에 항균물질을 첨가할 경우 우수한 항균력이 나타났기 때문에 지각과민 환자의 동통을 줄여 줄 것으로 사료되며 항균성을 가진 지각과민처치제로 사용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the surface characteristics of SCM440 steel nitrided with various nitrogen contents for 7 hours at $520^{\circ}C$ by using micro-pulse plasma nitriding apparatus of hot wall type. The effects of oxidation treatment was also investigated on plasma nitrided in 30% nitrogen and post oxidized SCM440 steel at $500^{\circ}C$ in $H_2O$ atmosphere. The ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4N$ and ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}N$ phases were detected in compound layer of the nitrided steel. As the content of nitrogen in plasma gas increased with 30, 50, 70% on the micro-pulse plasma nitriding for SCM440 steel, the thickness of compound, diffusion layer and the surface hardness were increased. From the wear test results, the best wear resistance was appeared in the condition of ductile ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4N$ phase formed specimen at 30% nitrogen, whereas that of the treated with 50% and 70% nitrogen decreased owing to the exfoliation of brittle ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}N$ phase in the compound layer. On the nitrided and subsequently oxidized SCM440 steel, the surface layer consisted of $Fe_3O_4$, ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4N$, and ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}N$ phases. In these treatments, the dissolution of nitrides affect hardness and hardening depth in compound and diffusion layers. For the nitrided in 30% nitrogen and post oxidized specimen at $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, the wear resistance was lower than that of the only nitrided one in 30% nitrogen but higher than those of the nitrided ones in 50 and 70% nitrogen.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.137-139
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• 2003

Micro-Sources arc emerging as a providing environmentally friendly and reliable and effective solution. Micro-Source converter DC voltage of prime mover to AC voltage using voltage source inverter for interjecting with AC grid system. This paper studies optimal series inductance size for interjecting with AC grid system.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2013

The effects of applying the micro CHP system to the domestic sector in Korea were investigated using annual cooling and heating demand data. Four prime movers, micro gas turbine, PEMFC, gas engine and Stirling engine, were compared for three operational modes. Two way buy-back was assumed for both electricity and heat. The Stirling engine gave the lowest $CO_2$ emission per energy for 300kWh monthly electricity production. However, PEMFC became more effective when considering PURPA criteria. PEMFC generated the least greenhouse gas with higher electrical efficiency for cooling. The Stirling engine, however, became competitive for heating with higher total efficiency.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2017

Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is essential technology to repair micro-cracking on the airfoil of blades and vanes for gas turbines. Understanding of the characteristics of TLP bonding of the superalloys is necessary in the application of the technology for repairing these components. In this study, the focus was on investigating TLP bonding characteristics of ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ precipitation strengthened Ni based superalloy. TLP bonding was carried out with an amorphous filler metal in various bonding conditions, and the microstructural characterization was investigated through optical microscopy (OM) and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). The experimantal results explained clearly that bonding temperatures had critical effects on the TLP bonding behaviors, and that isothermal solidication of the joints made at higher temperatures than $1170^{\circ}C$ was controlled by Ti diffusion instead of B.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2018

Plasma electrolytic oxidation of Ti-25Ta-xHf alloy in electrolyte containing Ca and P for dental implants was investigated using various experimental techniques. Ti-25Ta-xHf (x=0 and 15 wt.%) alloys were manufactured in an arc-melting vacuum furnace. Micropores were formed in PEO films on Ti-25Ta-xHf alloys in 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at 240 V, 270 V and 300 V for 3 min, respectively. The microstructure of Ti-25Ta-xHf alloys changed from (${\alpha}^{\prime}+{\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) phase to (${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}+{\beta}$) phase by addition of Hf. As the applied potential increased, the number of pore and the area ratio of occupied by micro-pore decreased, whereas the pore size increased. The anatase phase increase as the applied potential increased. Also, the crystallite size of anatase-$TiO_2$ can be controlled by applied voltage.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.289-290
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• 2015

In this experiment, nitriding treatment has been performed at $400^{\circ}C$ with various $N_2$ content and with changing processing time on AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel to investigate the expanded martensite layer (${\alpha}^{\prime}_N$ layer) formation behavior. Nitriding was implemented with changing $N_2$ content from 10% to 25% for 15 hrs and processing time was changed from 4hr to 15hr at 25% $N_2$ content. After treatment, the behavior of the ${\alpha}^{\prime}_N$ layer was investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness testing. Potentiodynamic polarization test was also used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the samples. It was found that the surface hardness and ${\alpha}^{\prime}_N$ layer thickness increases with increasing $N_2$ percentage and processing time. Although their corrosion behaviors are worse than the bare sample.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2009

In micro/nano-scale contacts in MEMS and NEMS, capillary and van der Waals forces generated around contacting micro-asperities significantly influence the performance of concerning device as they are closely related to adhesion and stiction of interacting surfaces. In this regard, it is of prime importance to accurately estimate the magnitude of surface forces so that an optimal solution for reducing friction and adhesion of micro/nano-surfaces may be obtained We introduced an effective method to calculate these surface forces based on topography information obtained from an atomic force microscope. This method was used to calculate surface forces generated in the contact interface formed between diamond-like carbon coating and $Si_3N_4$ ball. This method is shown to effectively demonstrate the influence of capillary force in the contact area, especially in humid atmosphere.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.293-306
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• 2013

Hydrometeor type and Drop Size Distribution (DSD) in cloud are the fundamental properties that may help explain the rain formation processes and determine the parameters of radar meteorology. This study presents a preliminary analysis of hydrometeor types and DSD data of cloud measured with a PARSIVEL (PARticle SIze and VELocity) optical disdrometer at the site of Cloud Physics Observation System (CPOS, $37^{\circ}41^{\prime}N$, $128^{\circ}45^{\prime}E$, 843 m from sea level) in Daegwallyeong mountainside of Korea. The method has been validated by comparing the observed rainfall rates with the computed ones from the fitted distribution, using the physical data such as DSD, terminal velocity, and rain intensity which were measured by a Micro-Rain Radar (MRR) and a PARSIVEL optical disdrometer. The analysis period started in three cases: on rainy days with light rain (15.5 mm), moderate rain (76 mm), and heavy rain (121 mm), from March to November 2007, respectively.