• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2017

To investigate the effect of Corni Fructus(CF) water extracts on the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum, organ bath studies, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods were used and obtained the following results. In the organ bath study, the maximal contraction of the corpus cavernosum tissue by PE showed a significant relaxation effect at $3.0mg/m{\ell}$ of CF water extract. When ${\text\tiny{L}}$-NNA was pretreated corpuscular relaxation effect of CF water extract was significantly inhibited compared without ${\text\tiny{L}}$-NNA pretreatment. In $Ca^{2+}$-free solution, the increase of contraction due to $Ca^{2+}$ influx significantly inhibited in the pretreatment compared with no pretreatment of CF water extract. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed that the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fiber was increased in the CF group compared to the PE group in the corpus cavernosum, and the eNOS positive reaction increased and the PDE5 positive reaction decreased. These results suggest that CF extract has increased NO production through activation of eNOS and inhibited the action of PDE5 to block the extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx, thereby relaxing the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2020

The present study investigated the photodegradation of synthetic organic dye; violet-3B, without and with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO₂ catalyst using a visible halogen-lamp as a light source. The catalyst was synthesized by using a peroxo sol-gel method with free-organic solvent. The effects of initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH solution on the photodegradation of violet-3B were examined. The efficiency of the photodegradation process for violet-3B dye was higher at neutral to less acidic pH. The kinetics reaction rate of photodegradation of violet-3B dye with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO₂ followed pseudo-first order kinetics represented by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and increasing the initial concentration of dyes decreased rate constants of photodegradation. Photodegradation of 5 mg L^-1 violet-3B dye achieved 96% color removal within 240 min of irradiation in the presence of C-N-codoped TiO₂ catalyst, and approximately 44% TOC was removed as a result of the mineralization.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 1998

This study was carried out to determine the effects of ionomycin and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) treatments on parthenogenesis of rabbit oocytes. The oocytes were randomly assigned to the activation treatments with either ionomycin plus 6-DMAP or electric stimulation. The oocytes were colected from the oviducts of superovulated rabbits at 13~14 hours and 19~20 hours post hCG injection and were activated with 5$\mu$M ionomycin for 5 min and 2 hours incubation in 2mM 6-DMAP. The other oocytes were stimulated by three pulses of 3.6kV/cm for 60 $\mu$sec each 30 min apart, starting 19 hours post in hCG in 0.28M mannitol solution with 100$\mu$M Ca2+ and Mg2+. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Following treatment of the oocytes with ionomycin plus 6-DMAP, the cleavage rate and in vitro developmental rate to blastocyst were significantly(P<0.01) higher in the oocytes collected bet ween 19~20 hours than between 13~14 hours after hCG injection. 2. When the oocytes were treated with ionomycin plus 6-DMAP, 85(98.8%) of 86 treated oocytes extruded the second polar bodies, with the entire chromatin complements outside ooplasm. However when the oocytes were restored during subsequent incubation in the drug-free medium, the cytoplasts regain their full capacity for parthenogenetic activation and nuclear remodelling. 3. The cleavage rate and the in vitro developmental rate to blastocyst were not significantly different in the oocytes activated by ionomycin plus 6-DMAP treatment(91.2 and 45.6%) or electrical stimulation(89.6 and 34.3%).

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.228-243
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Sunghyangchungisan (SHCS) on the regulation of vascular tone. Vascular rings isolated from rabbit carotid artery were myographed isometrically in isolated organ baths and the effect of SHCS on contractile activities were determined. SHCS relaxed the arterial rings which were pre-contracted by phenylephrine(PE). The responses to SHCS were partially dose-dependent at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. When SHCS was applied prior to the exposure to PE, it inhibited the PE-induced contraction by a similar magnitude which was comparable to the relaxation of pre-contracted arterial rings. Washout of SHCS after observing its relaxant effect resulted in a full recovery of PE-induced contractions, indicating that the action mechanism is reversible. The observation that SHCS did not change the $ED_{50}$ of PE on its dose-response curve ruled out the possible interaction of SHCS and ${\alpha}-receptor$. The relaxant effect of SHCS was not affected by removal of endothelium, and pretreatment of the arterial rings with methylene blue or nitro-L-arginine. This results suggest that the action of SHCS is not mediated by endothelium nor soluble guanylate cyclase. SHCS relaxed high $K^{+}-induced$ contractions as well, whereas it failed to relax phorbol ester-induced contractions. When contraction was induced by additive application of $Ca^{2+}$ in arterial rings which were pre-depolarized by high $K^+$ in a $Ca^{2+}-free$ solution, the relaxant effect of SHCS was attenuated by increasing the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. SHCS, when applied to the arterial rings pre-contracted by PE and then relaxed by nifedipine, a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, did not show additive relaxation. From above results, it is suggested that SHCS relax PE-induced contraction of rabbit carotid artery in an endothelium-independent manner, and inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ influx may contribute to the underling mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1367-1375
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• 2018

Silver nanoparticles have been widely applied for biomedical areas owing to their potent antiviral and antibacterial activities. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using biomacromolecules is more efficient, environment-friendly, and cost-saving compared with the traditional approach. In this paper, a novel approach was developed to establish a reaction system with $Ag^+-BH4^--sericin$ to synthesize silver nanoparticles conjugated to sericin (AgNPs-Sericin). Sericin could be as a good dispersant and stabilizing agent, which is able to modify nanoscaled AgNPs, the average diameter of which was only $3.78{\pm}1.14nm$ prepared in a 0.3 mg/ml sericin solution. The characterizations of the AgNPs-Sericin were determined by FTIR, thermogravimetry, and XRD analyses. The results showed that the synthesized AgNPs conjugated with sericin as organic phase. Via SAED and XRD analysis, we showed that these AgNPs formed polycrystalline powder with a face-centered cubic structure of bulk metals. Moreover, we investigated the antiviral and antibacterial activities of AgNPs-Sericin, and the results showed that AgNPs-Sericin exhibited potent anti-HIV-1 activity against CCR5-tropic and CXCR4-tropic strains, but no significant cytotoxicity was found toward human genital epithelial cells compared with free silver ions, which are accepted as a commonly used potent antimicrobial agent. Moreover, its antibacterial activity was determined via flow cytometry. The results showed that AgNPs-Sericin could suppress gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria, but more was potent for the gram-negative one. We concluded that our AgNPs-Sericin could be a potential candidate as a microbicide or antimicrobial agent to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2021

Obejectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the efficacy of pacemaker potentials of interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) by Fermented Lotus Root (FLR) in small intestine. Methods : Enzyme digestions were used to separate the ICC. Using electrophysiological methods, pacemaker potentials were measured and intestinal transit rates (ITR) experiments were conducted to identify in vivo gastrointestinal motility. Results : 1. FLR (0.5-10 mg/ml) caused membrane depolarization by electrophysiological methods. 2. In the case of pretreatment with a Ca²⁺ free solution and thapsigargin, the pacemaker potential disappeared and in this case, FLR did not have a membrane depolarization reaction. 3. Lowering the concentration of extracellular Na⁺ concentration stoped the pacemaker potentials and inhibited the reaction caused by FLR. Flufenamic acid also inhibited the reaction by FLR. 4. In mice, ITR was increased by FLR. Conclusions : This study shows that FLR can control ICC by an internal/external Ca²⁺ and Na⁺. It also shows that FLR can be a good candidate for gastrointestinal motility medication development.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2001

알긴산은 일반적으로 미생물의 고정화에 널리 사용되는 biopolymer이다. 본 연구는 구연산 생산균인 Aspergillus niger를 calcium alginate로 고정화한 beads로 납의 흡착 특성을 조사하였다. A. niger beads는 $CaCl_2$를 사용하여 주사기로 제조하였으며 이 beads를 납제거에 이용하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 즉, A. niger를 구연산 생성배지에서 1일에서 7일까지 배양한 후 제조한 beads로 납흡착량을 측정한 결과는 3일간 배양된 곰팡이 beads에서 가장 높았다. 발아되지 않은 beads와 3일간 배양된 beads로 시간에 따른 납흡착량을 정량한 결과 30분까지는 그 흡착량이 동일하게 급격히 증가하였으며 그 후 발아되지 않은 beads는 더 이상 흡착이 일어나지 않았으나 3일간 배양된 곰팡이 beads는 시간이 지남에 따라 천천히 계속 흡착하여 1시간 후에는 480 ppm까지 흡착하였다. 납흡착시 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 6과 $35^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 납용액 50 ml (500 ppm)이 든 250 ml 삼각플라스크에 beads $50{\sim}100$개가 최적이었으며 그 이상에서는 납흡착율이 감소하였다. 중금속에 대한 흡착율은 납> 구리> 카드뮴 순이었으며 0.1 M $CaCl_2$, 0.1 M NaOH 및 0.1 M KOH의 전처리의 효과는 없었으며 0.1 HCI로 곰팡이 bead의 납탈착하여 beads를 재사용이 가능하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1821-1828
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 키위를 첨가하여 제조한 막걸리의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 발효 6일째의 키위 막걸리와 대조군 알코올 함량은 각각 16.6, 17.0%을 나타내어 시료 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 키위 막걸리와 대조군의 pH는 발효 1일째 급감한 후 완만한 증가를 보이고 발효 6일째 각각 4.38 및 4.51로 큰 차이가 없었으며, 총산은 발효 1일째 급격한 증가를 보인 후 완만히 증가하여 발효 6일째 각각 0.34 및 0.27을 나타내었다. 총 균, 유산균, 효모 수는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 점차 증가하였으며 키위 막걸리의 발효 6일째 총 균, 유산균, 효모 수는 대조군과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 색도(L, a, b)는 발효가 진행됨에 따라 대조군과 키위 막걸리 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 유리당 중 가장 높은 함량을 보인 glucose는 발효가 진행되면서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 유기산 중 succinic acid 함량이 대조군과 키위 막걸리 모두 가장 높았고 발효가 진행됨에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 키위 막걸리에서는 37종의 휘발성 화합물이 검출되었으며, 그중 3-methyl-1-butanol(33.71%), 2-methyl-1-propanol(23.81%) 및 ethyl acetate(19.94%)의 함량이 가장 높았다. 본 연구 결과 막걸리 제조 시 키위의 첨가는 막걸리의 품질특성에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 평가되어, 키위의 영양학적 효용성을 겸비한 기능성 막걸리의 제조가 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 1995

뱀장어에 인위적으로 스트레스를 가하여 아가미 울혈증을 발생시킨 후에 NaCl 처리에 따른 CVS의 울혈증의 치료효과 및 혈액성상의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 스트레스 직후에 고빈도의 발병율을 보였던 아가미 및 간의 울혈증은 염처리 후 3일째 까지는 감소되었으나, 4일 이후에는 별 영향이 없었다. 혈액성분중 스트레스 후 증가되었던 Ht, Met-Hb, $Ca^{++}$, GOT, GPT, LDH 및 glucose치 등과 감소되었던 $Mg^{++}$ 및 Hb치 등은 염처리 3일까지는 회복율이 촉진되었으나, 그 이후에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 알부민 및 총단백치는 염처리 기간동안 별 변화가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 스트레스에 의해 발병된 아가미 울혈증에 대한 염처리법은 초기 3일까지는 효과가 있으나, 그 이상의 기간에는 전혀 효과적이지 못함을 보여준다.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.526-531
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• 2020

수중에 함유된 망간 이온은 인체에 독성 물질로 작용하며, 또한 신경계에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히 망간은 넓은 pH 영역에서 높은 용해성으로 인하여, 망간 제거가 어렵기 때문에 이를 효과적으로 처리하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서 소나무 수피 바이오차를 과산화수소로 화학적으로 개질하였고, 개질된 흡착제는 수중에서의 망간 이온 제거에 사용되었다. 개질된 흡착제는 망간이온 5, 10 mg/L 조건에서 각각 82.1, 56.2%의 높은 제거능력을 나타내었다. 또한 망간 농도 변화에 의한 흡착 데이터로부터 이론식에 적용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 망간 이온의 흡착 거동은 Freundlich 보다는 Langmuir 모델에 잘 부합하였으며 또한, 동력학적 고찰에 의하면 유사 2차 반응식(pseudo-second order kinetic model)이 더욱 적합함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 Gibbs 자유에너지 변화에서는 흡착 반응의 온도가 증가할수록 자발성이 보다 더 잘 이루어진다는 것을 도출하였다. 결과적으로 이러한 실험 결과들은 수중에 함유된 망간 이온을 효과적으로 제거하는 수처리 기술로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.