• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2007

For effective management of water quality on the southern coast of korea, a three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model is used to predict water quality in summer and to estimate the reduction rate in pollutant loads that would be required to restore water quality. Under the current environmental conditions, in particular, pollutant loadings to the study area were very high, chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeded seawater quality criteria to comply with current legislation, and water quality was in a eutrophic condition. Therefore, we estimated reduction rates of current pollutant loads by modeling. The model reproduced reasonably the flow field and water quality of the study area. If the terrestrial COD, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus loads were reduced by 90%, the water quality criteria of Region A were still not satisfied. However, when the nutrient loads from polluted sediment and land were each reduced by 70% simultaneously, COD and $Chl-{\alpha}$ were restored. When we reduced the input COD and nutrient loads from the Nakdong River by 80%, $Chl-{\alpha}$ and COD of Region B decreased below $10\;{\mu}g\;1^{-1}$ and $2\;mg\;1^{-1}$, respectively. The water quality criteria of Region C were satisfied when we reduced the terrestrial COD and nutrient loads by 70%. Total allowable loadings of COD and inorganic nutrients in each region were determined by multiplying the reduction rates by current pollutant loads. Estimated high reduction rates, although difficult to achieve at the present time under the prevailing environmental conditions, suggest that water pollution is very severe in this study area, and pollutant loads must be reduced within total allowable loads by continuous and long-term management. To achieve the reduction in pollutant loads, sustainable countermeasures are necessary, including the expansion of sewage and wastewater facilities, polluted sediment control and limited land use.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-127
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• 1989

Effects of three types of dietary fibres on blood glucose and liver glycogen were studied in male rats. The fibres were used as 10% of the diet supplemented from dietary sources, white beans, peas and carrots. The experiment continued for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, fasting blood glucose and liver glycogen were determined. The results showed that replacing carrot fibres and pea fibres by white bean fibres produced significant reduction of blood glucose by 28% and 43%, respectively, while exchanging pea fibres by carrot fibres produced no significant reduction of blood glucose gy 20%. Liver glycogen level (mg/100 g liver) was not affected by altering the fibre type in the diet.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2002

The effects of genistein on murine thymocytes for inducing apoptotic cell death and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage were studied in vitro. Addition of genistein (10 and 50$\mu$M) to cultured thymocytes from BALB/c mice definitely promoted DNA fragmentation. Also, cytofluorometric analysis of these cells demonstrated a reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential ($\Delta$Ψm). But, repeated administration of genistein (1 mg/mouse/day) to mice for 7 days did not cause any detectable DNA fragmentation. Genistein decreased lucigenin chemiluminescence and engulfment of fluorescein-conjugated E. coli particles in peritoneal macrophage. These results suggest that genistein induce an apoptosis of thymocyte via reduction in $\Delta$Ψm and decrease phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage in vitro.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.260-263
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• 2003

Ethanol extract of the root of Clitoria ternatea Linn (CTEE) was evaluated for different neuropharmacological actions, such as general behaviour, exploratory behaviour, muscle relaxant activity and phenobarbitone induced sleeping time, in rats and mice. The extract was found to cause reduction in spontaneous activity, decrease in exploratory behavioural pattern by the head dip and Y- maze test, reduction in the muscle relaxant by rotarod, $30^{\circ}C$ inclined screen and traction tests. In addition CTEE significantly potentiated the phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time. Preliminary tests indicate that the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. At the doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg showed significant neuropharmacological activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2010

"Stacker 3" is one of the most popular caffeine-containing weight-reduction supplements and it has ephedra-free properties as "Stacker 2 Ephedra-Free" in many countries, including Korea. We describe here a 26-year-old woman who took an acute intentional overdose of "Stacker 3"(approximately 50 capsules, total amount: 25 grams, as caffeine 250 mg/kg) and who had delirium, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. She had to be treated by forced diuresis and urine alkalinization, and she subsequently recovered. This is the first such case report in the medical literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 1998

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of impurity level and fabrication processes on the strength, impact and fracture toughness of 7075, 7050 and 7175 aluminum alloy forgings. A specially processed 7175S-T74 aluminum forgings was superior to a conventionally processed 7075-T73, 7050-T74 and 7175-T74 aluminum forgings in both strength and toughness. The reduction of impurity level of iron and silicon has significantly diminished the size and volume fraction of second phase particles such as $Al_7Cu_2Fe$ and $Mg_2Si$. A further reduction of the amount of second phase particles has been observed by applying a special fabrication process. This phenomena result from the application of intermediate soaking at higher temperature and more sufficiant hot working temperature than that of a conventional processing.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.595-601
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• 2005

In this research, effects of water circulation on phosphorus release from sediment into water body were studied. Sediments sampled at the Daechung Lake were used for the column experiments with circulation and non-circulation conditions. Deaeration coefficient, $K_1$ and reaeration coefficient, $K_2$ of non-circulation condition were 0.133 and 0, respectively, while $K_1$ and $K_2$ for circulation condition were 0.46 and 0.018, respectively. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) showed a linear relationship with dissolved oxygen (DO) when DO is over 2 mg/L. Phosphorus concentration induced by phosphorus release from sediment was highly dependent upon DO, ORP, and pH. Under anaerobic condition, phosphorus release rate was higher for $Fe^{2+}$-bounded phosphorus compared to that of $Ca^{2+}$-bounded phosphorus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.314-317
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• 2003

Plants may enhance the remediation of munitions at contaminated soils using various natural processes. A computer model can be used as a valuable tool for assisting phytoremediation by predicting the transport and fate of target contaminants at remediation sites. For this research, modeling of phytoremediation and bioremediation of soil contaminated with 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was studied. Indian mallow (Abutilion avicennae) was grown in columns packed with 126mg TNT/kg contaminated soils for 50 days and a simulation model was developed to simulate the transport and fate of TNT and its breakdown products interacting with plant roots in a partially saturated soil. The column test showed the substantially enhanced reduction of TNT and greater soil microbial activity in Indian mallow planted soil compared to unplanted soil. The model successfully simulated the fate of TNT and by-products in phytoremediation. The results suggested that plants could provide favorable environments for reduction of TNT.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.728-737
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• 2005

Water quality of the Hwanggujicheon is poor because of the rapid housing and development in the large area of the basin. Establishment of water quality management strategy, based on the pollution sources survey and pollutant loads estimation, has to be established for the preservation of the stream water quality of the region. In this study, waste load allocation model to achieve the water quality goal of the stream and the optimization of pollutant load reduction, was developed. Nonpoint pollutant loads calculated by runoff model in the previous study are utilized for pollutant loads estimation of the drainage areas in this study. From the application result of the allocation model, water quality goals of the Hwanggujicheon that can be achieved as a matter of fact are BOD 8 mg/L. To achieve these goals, 23% of effluent BOD loads have to be reduced in the basin.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 1985

$eta$-Sialon powders were prepared by reduction-nitridation from mixture of Wando pyrophyllite and graphite as a reducing agent at 135$0^{\circ}C$ in 80% $N_2$-20% $H_2$ atmosphere. As the reaction products $Si_2ON_2$, $\beta$-$Si_3N_4$ a--$Si_3N_4$ and $\beta$-SiC were observed. Additive agents of MgO, CaO, $Y_2O_3$ were used for promoting the reduction and nitridiation aeaction. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of silica-carbon ratio ($SiO_2$/C=weight ratio), raction time gas flow rate pellet size and powder packing on synthesis of $\beta$-Sialon from Wando pyropyllite.