• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.549-554
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• 2023

Korean ginseng has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine as an overall wellness supplement. Red ginseng (Ginseng Radix Rubra) is produced by steaming the roots, followed by drying. Soft red ginseng is produced using a new processing technology. This study investigated whether soft red ginseng differs from raw and hard red ginseng in its physicochemical composition. Results showed that the total phenol content of raw ginseng was 2.96 mg/g at 80℃ and 3.47 mg/g at 160 ℃. Meanwhile, the total phenols of hard and soft red ginseng were 4.12 mg/g and 4.18 mg/g at 160℃, respectively. The total phenol contents of raw, hard red, and soft red ginseng revealed a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The total flavonoid contents of raw, hard red, and soft red ginseng were 2.62 mg/g, 3.97 mg/g, and 3.83 mg/g at 160℃, respectively. Among the three samples, soft red ginseng had the highest total sugar content at 160℃. The acidic polysaccharide contents of both soft and hard red ginseng were much higher than that of raw ginseng (49%-58%). Significant differences were observed among raw, hard red, and soft red ginseng (p<0.001). Soft red ginseng exhibited higher phenol content (25%), total flavonoid content (49%), and total sugar content (45%) than raw ginseng.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.385-388
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• 1996

Accumulation of soil chemical components in plastic-house is serious problem in Korea. This study was carried out to solve the problem by comparing the contents of soil chemical properties in plastic-house with that of upland field. The content of organic matter and available $P_2O_5($ in plastic-house soil were higher than that of upland field. Particularly, organic matter content in plastic-house soil (43g/kg) was 1.7times higher than that of upland soil (26g/kg), and content of available $P_2O_5($ (893mg/kg) in plastic-house: soil was 4.9 times higher than that of upland soil(183mg/kg). The content of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg in plastic-house soil were 0.5, 6.8 and 1.6cmol/kg and that of upland field soil were 0.5, 2.3 and 2.5cmol/kg, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.492-496
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• 2007

This study analyzed the sugar, amino acid, and mineral content of Angelica dahurica leaves to explore the physiology of the plant and to examine whether the loaves might be useful in food production. A. dahurica leaves contained moisture 76.30%, carbohydrate 7.58%, crude protein 4.01% crude ash 7.87% and 4.23% crude fat (all w/w). The content of reducing sugar in leaf was 1,687.10 mg/100 g. The total amount of free sugar was 57.30 mg/100 g, including 24.75 mg/100 g fructose, 23.95 mg/100g glucose, and 8.60 mg/100 g maltose. Total hydrolyzed amino acids were 139.25 mg/100 g. Total free amino acids were 215.99 mg/100 g, and that of alanine (61.52 mg/100 g) was highest. Total amino acid derivatives were 101.39 mg/100 g, and, of these materials ${\gamma}-aminoisobutyric$ acid was highest at 78.26 mg/100 g. In the When minerals were analyzed, the content of K was the highest (2,135.03 mg/100 g), followed by 916.47 mg/100 g for Ca.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

The parts of leaves, flowers and stems in ginseng were obtained for analyzing the component of saponin on 15th April, 25th April, 5th May, 25th May, which were considered as ginseng foliation stage. The total saponin content of the leaves were 97.29, 66.42, 67.61, 36.24 mg/g, respectively, in which the content of Re, $Rb_1$ and Rd were more than 2/3 amount of total saponin. Especially, the saponin content of leaves decreased according to the sequential collection days, in which the similar results were observed from the flowers and stems of ginseng. The total saponin content of the flowers and stems were 141.09,143.84,139.25,133.47 and 13.32, 9.85, 8.00, 4.65 mg/g, respectively. Among them, the content of Re, Rd and $Rb_2$ in flowers were more than 2/3 while the content of Re, $Rg_1$ and Rd in stems showed more than 9/10 amount of total saponin. The total saponin content of individual leaf were 19.46, 28.56, 58.82 and 169.24 mg/plant, 2.53, 2.76, 5.20 and 12.32 mg/plant in stems, and 14.11, 30.21, 37.60 and 73.41 mg/plant in flowers. Therefore, the total saponin content of aboveground parts in ginseng were leaves > flowers > stems.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate appropriate selenate ion concentration for the production of high functional vegetables. Sodium selenate was treated 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8mg/$\ell$ using herb nutrient solution developed by European R & D Vegetable Center in Belgium. Low level of Na2se04 concentration increased the growth of wormwood, but high selenate concentration decreased the growth. Total chlorophyll content was increased by sodium selenate. The higher selenate ion concentration in the nutrient solution, the more total chlorophyll content was. The vitamin C content in wormwood was high at 2 and 4mg/$\ell$ treatment, showing good growth, at higher concentration, however, the vitamin C content decreased. At 4mg/$\ell$ selenate ion concentration, essential oil content of wormwood was best. But higher selenate ion concentration decreased essential oil content. The uptake of Se by the plant increased with the increase of selenate ion concentration.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.233-241
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• 2013

Effect of Fe and Mn contents on the castability of Al-9wt%Si-xMg-yFe-zMn alloy has been studied. The alloy was composed of ${\alpha}$-Al phase, Al+eutectic Si phase, ${\beta}$-Al5FeSi compound and chinese script ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Mn,Fe)_3Si_2$ compound. ${\beta}$-$Al_5FeSi$ and ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Mn,Fe)_3Si_2$ compounds assumed to effect the fluidity and shrinkage behaviors of the alloy during solidification due to the crystallization of ${\alpha}$-$Al_{15}(Fe,Mn)_3Si_2$ and ${\beta}$-$Al_5FeSi$ compounds above eutectic temperature. As Fe and Mn contents of Al-9wt%Si-0.3wt%Mg system alloy increased from 0.15wt% to 0.6wt% and from 0.3wt% to 0.7wt%, fluidity of the alloy decreased by 5.7% and 3.3%, respectively. And as Mg content of Al-9wt%Si-0.45wt%Fe-0.5wt%Mn system alloy increased from 0.3wt% to 0.4wt%, fluidity of the alloy decreased by 8.6%. When Fe content of the alloy increased from 0.15wt% to 0.6wt%, macro shrinkage ratio decreased from 6.1% to 4.1%, and micro shrinkage ratio increased from 0.04% to 0.24%. Similarly, Mn content of the alloy increased from 0.3wt% to 0.7wt%, macro shrinkage ratio decreased from 6.0% to 4.5% and micro shrinkage ratio increased from 0.12% to 0.18%. Judging from the castability of the alloy, Al-9wt%Si-0.3wt%Mg alloy with low content of Fe and Mn, 0.1wt% Fe and 0.3wt% Mn, is recommendable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.502-511
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• 2021

In this study, the content of water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B₁ (thiamin), B₂ (riboflavin), B₃ (niacin), B₅ (pantothenic acid), B₆ (pyridoxine), B₇ (biotin), B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin), and C (ascorbic acid) in dishes containing meat and seafood consumed in Korea were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. All analyses were performed under strict quality control of vitamins B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₇, B₁₂, and C. The highest content of vitamin B₁ was observed in Bugeo-gangjeong (1.373 mg/100 g) and the highest level of vitamin B₂ (5.162 mg/100 g) was found in pig liver. Bugeo-gangjeong showed the highest content of vitamin B₃ (21.676 mg/100 g), and kkomak-muchim contained considerable amounts (43.310 mg/100 g) of vitamin B₅. Vitamin B₆ was not detected in most seafood dishes except for yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (0.274 mg/100 g) and was present at low levels or not present at all in meat dishes. The highest content of vitamin B₇ was 6.506 ㎍/100 g in saeu-jeon and kkomak-muchim showed the highest content (21.132 ㎍/100 g) of vitamin B₁₂. The highest content of vitamin C was in yangnyeom myeongran-jeot (84.508 mg/100 g). In addition, the analysis methods of each water-soluble vitamin were verified. These results showed that seafood-based ingredients in several dishes could be a good source of water-soluble vitamins.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2023

This work was intended to investigate the effects of Zn content on microstructure and hardness of discontinuous precipitates (DPs) produced by continuous cooling (CC) in Mg-8%Al-X%Zn alloys with 0%, 0.5% and 1% of Zn contents (wt%). The DPs in the alloys possessed a wide range of (α+β) interlamellar spacings, which is attributed to the different transformation temperatures during CC. The higher Zn content resulted in the lower level of interlamellar spacings of the DPs, along with thinner and larger volume fraction of β phase layer in the DPs. It is noted that the DPs in the alloy with higher Zn content exhibited higher hardness, and that the ratio of increase in hardness of the DPs to that of the as-cast state was also increased with increasing Zn content. The reason was discussed on the basis of microstructural differences of the DPs in the Mg-8%Al-X%Zn alloys.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 1996

The effect of shading on mineral elements, free amino acids, and fatty acids content of tea shoot was examined under different shading periods. The results are summarized as follows. The con­tent of $NH_4^+$, $K^+$. $Mg^{++}$, $PO_4^{--}, was increased, but that of $Na^+$, $Ca^{++}$, $F^-$, $Cl^-$, $No_3^-$, $So_4^{--}$ was de­creased with the passage of shade treatment periods. The content of Total- Nitrogen of tea shoot was the highest in the 55% 10days+95% 5days shading as 6.07%. The content to Total Free Amino Acid was hagher ranged from 20mg/100g to 80mg/100g in shading treatment compered with the un shading treat­ment. The content of Theanine was the highest in 55% 10days+95% 5days shading as 1834mg/100g,while that of unshading was the lowest as 1247mg/100g. The content of Theanine was decreased with the passage of shading periods. The content of Fatty Acid was the highest in the 55% 15days+95% 15days shading as 3164mg/100g, while the unshading treatment had the lowest in the 55% 5days+95% 5days as 2435mg/100g.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities and ginsenoside compositions of 4-year-old cultured ginseng roots (4CGR), 4-year-old mountain ginseng roots (4MGR) and leaves (4MGL), and 8-year-old mountain ginseng roots (MGR) and leaves (8MGL). Ginseng root and leaves were extracted with water and 80% ethanol. Crude saponin content of 4CGR was 3.85% (d.b.) and the contents of 4MGR, 4MGL, 8MGR and 8MGL were 6.75, 8.57, 6.53 and 7.54% (d.b.), respectively. 4CGR showed the highest content of ginsenoside-$Rh_1$ (6.07 mg/g), 4MGR showed the highest content of ginsenoside-$Rb_1$ (11.63 mg/g), 4MGL showed the highest content of ginsenoside-Re (24.35 mg/g), 8MGR showed the highest content of ginsenoside-$Rh_1$ (19.77 mg/g), and 8MGL showed the highest content of ginsenoside-Re (20.43 mg/g). Total antioxidant activity (AEAC) was ranged from 5.56 at 4MGR to 20.67 mg AA eq/g at 8MGL.