• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2021

꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis) 방제 전략 가운데 하나로 대량유살 기술이 제기되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 이 해충에 적용되는 상용유인제의 효능을 시설 고추재배지를 중심으로 분석하였다. 총채벌레 모니터링에 사용되는 점착트랩의 경우 청색과 황색 색상에 따른 유인력 차이는 크지 않았다. 그러나 트랩의 위치는 큰 변수로서 기주에 가까이 위치할수록 포획 밀도가 높았다. 또한 상하 위치도 중요한 변수로서 기주 작물 수관 부위에서 가장 높은 포획 밀도를 보였다. 이를 기준으로 황색 점착 트랩을 설치한 경우 전체 총채벌레 밀도의 약 1%를 유살하였다. 이러한 낮은 유살 능력을 높이기 위해 상용유인제를 황색트랩에 추가하였다. 집합페로몬 또는 식물 휘발성 유인제(4-methoxybenzaldehyde) 성분의 두 가지 상용유인제 추가 처리는 황색트랩 단독 처리에 비해 크게 유인력을 증가시키지 못하였다. 그러나 Y-튜브 실내 행동분석은 집합페로몬과 식물 휘발성 유인제(methyl isonicotinate)들이 각각 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대해서 높은 유인력을 가지고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 반면에 이들 유인물질 은 기주 고추 꽃보다 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대해서 상대적으로 낮은 유인력을 나타냈다. 이는 꽃이 없는 시설 대파(Allium fistulosum) 재배지에서는 상용유인제 추가 처리가 황색트랩 단독 처리보다 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대하여 높은 유인력을 가지는 것을 미뤄 이 곤충의 꽃에 대한 높은 선호성을 뒷받침하였다. 본 연구는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 사용되는 상용유인제들의 한계성을 지적하며 추후 고추 꽃을 중심으로 새로운 유인물질의 탐색에 대한 기초자료를 제공한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 1997

The role of the lower esophageal sphincter(LES) is characterized by the ability to maintain tone and to relax allowing the passage of a bolus. It is known that LES relaxation during swallowing may be induced by the cessation of the tonic neural excitation and the activation of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic(NANC) inhibitory neurons. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that the relaxation of the smooth muscle is mediated primarily by the elaboration of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate(cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic mono-phosphate(cyclic GMP) via activation of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase, respectively. It is thus possible that cyclic nucleotides might be a second messenger involved in neural stimulation-induced relaxation of LES, although a relationship between relaxation and changes in cyclic nucleotides after neural stimulation has not been established. The present study was performed to define the participation of cyclic nucleotides in the relaxation of LES of dog in response to neural stimulation. Electrical field stimulation(EFS) caused relaxation of the canine isolated LES strips in a frequency-dependent manner, which was eliminated by pretreatment with tetrodotoxin$(1{\mu}M)$, but not by atropine$(100{\mu}M)$, guanethidine$(100{\mu}M)$ and indomethacin$(10{\mu}M)$. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$, $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester and $N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine$ inhibited EFS-induced relaxation. Additions of sodium nitroprusside, a nitrovasodilator and forskolin, a direct adenylate cyclase stimulant, caused a dose-dependent relaxation of LES smooth muscle. Effects of sodium nitroprusside and forskolin were selectively blocked by the corresponding inhibitors, methylene blue for guanylate cyclase and N-ethylmaleimide(NEM) for adenylate cyclase, respectively. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic GMP caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of the LES smooth muscle tone, which was not blocked by NEM or methylene blue, respectively. However, both NEM and methylene blue caused significant antagonism of the relaxation in LES tone in response to EFS. EFS increased the tissue cyclic GMP content by 124%, whereas it did not affect the tissue level of cyclic AMP. Based on these results, it is suggested that one of the components of canine LES smooth muscle relaxation in response to neural stimulation is mediated by an increase of cyclic GMP via the activation of guanylate cyclase. Additionally, an activation of cyclic AMP generation system was, in part, involved in the EFS-induced relaxation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

상처회복과정은 염증, 재상피화, 그리고 기질의 재형성등을 포함한 포괄적인 생물학적 반응이다. 생물학적 분류체계에서, 회복능력은 매우 다양한데, 일반적으로 하등동물이 고등동물에 비교해 단순하며 뛰어난 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서, 하등동물들을 이용한 실험모델은 상처회복과 치유의 기작을 연구하는데 자주 이용되고 있다. 양서류를 이용한 피부 상처회복과정 동안의 조직화학적 특성들을 규명하기 위하여 한국산 무당개구리(Bombina orientalis)를 이용하였다. 1일, 10일 그리고 16일의 조직에서 점액물질이 활발하게 분비되는 것을 확인하였으며, PAS (periodic acid shiff)와 Alcian blue (pH 2.5) 반응에 강하게 염색되었다. PTAH(phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin) 염색을 통하여 상처 후 10일 조직에서 상처주변의 진피층에서 콜라겐의 합성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 세포의 유사분열의 시점을 확인하기 위한 MG-P (methyl green pyronin)염색에서 초기에는 3시간과 6시간에 강한 염색반응을 관찰하였고, 이는 23일과 27일 조직에서도 동일한 패턴으로 이어졌다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2009

The effect of photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation for different dyes with the CNT/$TiO_2$ electrode was studied. The prepared electrode was characterized with surface properties, structural crystallinity, elemental identification, and PEC activity. The $N_2$ adsorption data showed that the composites had decreased surface area compared with the pristine CNT. This indicated the blocking of micropores on the surface of CNT, which was further supported by observation via FESEM. XRD patterns of the composites showed that the CNT/$TiO_2$ composite contained a mixing anatase and rutile phase. EDX spectra showed the presence of C, O and Ti peaks for all samples. The decomposition efifciency of the prepared electrode was evaluated by the PEC degradation of three dyes (methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RH.B), methyl orange (MO)). The variations of the FT-IR spectra and pH value of dye solutions were measured during the PEC system; it was found that the CNT/$TiO_2$ electrode has better PEC degradation for MB solution than that of RH.B and MO. The proposed degradation mechanism was present.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1382-1386
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• 2004

This study was performed for the investigation of vasodilatory efficacy and its underlying mechanisms of Samhwangsasim-tang(SST), herbal remedy. SST relaxed vascular strips precontracted with phenylephrine or KCI(51 mM), but the magnitude of relaxation was greater in phenylephrine(PE) induced contraction. The relaxation effects of SST was endothelium-independent. L-NAME, iNOS inhibitor, and methyl en blue(MB), cGMP inhibitor, did not attenuate the relaxation responses of SST. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, pre-incubation of the aortic rings with SST significantly reduced the contraction by PE, suggesting that the relaxant action of the SST includes inhibition of Ca/sup 2+/ influx and release of Ca/sup 2+/ from intracellular stores (SR). In addition, the cell death was induced by SST in human aortic smooth muscle cells but not that of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We conclude that in rat thoracic aorta, SST may induce in part vasodilation through inhibition of Ca/sup 2+/ influx and release of Ca/sup 2+/ from intracellular stores.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to develop models to predict SCC (somatic cell count) in unhomogenized milk by visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technique. Total of 100 milk samples were collected from dairy farms and preserved to minimize propagation of bacteria cells during transportation. Reductive reagents such as methyl red, methylene blue, bromcresol purple, phenol red and resazurin were added to milk samples, and then colors of milk were changed based on SCC of milk. For optimal reductive reagents, reaction time was controlled at 3 level of reaction time. A spectrophotometer was used to measure reflectance spectra from milk samples. The partial least square (PLS) models were developed to predict SCC of unhomogenized milk. The PLS results showed that milk samples with reductive reagents had a good correlation between predicted and measured SCC at 5 minutes of reaction time in the visible range. The PLS models with resazurin reagent had the best performance in $400{\sim}600\;nm$. The prediction results of milk samples with resazurin had 0.86 of correlation coefficient and 14,184 cell/mL of SEP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 1992

The initial growth of Clostridium acetobutylicum was not inhibited by 1 atm of H$_2$ while H$_2$ reduced glucose consumption in a solventogenic culture of a phosphate limited 2-stage chemostat. Under 1 atm of H$_2$, a solventogenic culture consumed hydrogen, but an acidogenic culture produced hydrogen. H$_2$ consumption by the solventogenic culture was enhanced by the addition of 5 mM neutral red, an artificial electron carrier with a redox potential of -325 mV. Hydrogenase activity, measured in both directions of production and consumption, showed that activity coupled with methyl viologen is higher in an acidogenic culture than in a solventogenic culture, and that the two cultures have similar activities for methylene blue reduction. The solventogenic culture showed a higher activity coupled with neutral red than the acidogenic culture. From these results, it is hypothesized that hydrogen producing hydrogenase activity is high during the acidogenic phase, and decreases as solventogenesis starts, and that the solventogenic culture produces a second hydrogenase which uses an electron carrier other than ferredoxin. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that enzyme activities involved in electron flow can be coupled to neutral red, indepedent of ferredoxin, and that neutral red addition to the fermentation system increased butanol yield, with a decrease in production of less reduced fermentation products, and $H^2$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 2013

In this paper, an air isolate (NITT6L) has been screened based on hemolytic activity, emulsification activity, drop collapsing test, and oil displacement test, as well as lipase activity. It was found that strain NITT6L was able to reduce the surface tension of the medium from 61.5 to 39.83 mN/m and could form stable emulsions with tested vegetable oils. Morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA sequencing analyses, and fatty acid methyl ester analysis using gas chromatography confirmed that the air isolate under study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Characterization of the biosurfactant using agar double diffusion assay revealed that the biosurfactant was anionic in nature, and CTAB-methylene blue assay and Molisch test revealed its glycolipid nature. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed that the crude biosurfactant was a rhamnolipid. Using unoptimized medium containing sucrose as the carbon source, the isolate was found to produce 0.3 mg/ml of rhamnolipid in batch cultivation (shake flask) at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH 7. Optimization of the medium components was carried out using design of experiments and the yield of rhamnolipid has been enhanced to 4.6 mg/ml in 72 h of fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

졸가시나무 탄화물에 대해 주요 기능 특성을 규명하였다. 졸가시나무 탄화물을 지금까지 보고된 탄화물들과 비교해 보면, 고정탄소율 85% 이상이었고, 비중은 1.0 이상으로 다른 상업용 흑탄이나 백탄보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. MBA (0.73 mg/g), 흡습성 및 수소이온농도는 낮은 경향이었으며, 발열량은 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 원적외선 방사율은 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 졸가시나무 탄화물의 기능성을 이용한 사용 시는 기능 성질에 따른 선택적 사용이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2010

The Fe-treated CNT/$TiO_2$ photocatalysts mixed with anatase and rutile phase have been developed for the decomposition of non-biodegradable different organic dyes like methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (Rh.B), and methyl orange (MO) in two conditions as ultraviolet and visible light respectively. The results indicate that all the Fe-CNT/$TiO_2$ composites proved to be more efficient photocatalysts since degradation of MB at higher reaction rates, tthe decomposition rate of different dyes increases with an increase of $Fe^{3+}$ concentration in composites the highest rate of decomposition of different dyes was noted under UV irradiation. These results can indicate that the large CNT network is facilitate the electron transfer and strongly adsorb dye molecules on the texted photocatalysts, iron is reactive in the photo-Fenton process resulting in high production of OH radicals and also high activity of the photocatalyst. And Fe particles can generate more photoinduced electrons to conduction band of $TiO_2$ under visible light irradiation. The composites of Fe-CNT/$TiO_2$ photocatalysts synthesized by a sol-gel method were characterized by BET, TEM, SEM, XRD and EDX.