• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of organic solvent mixtures in air of rotogravure printing workplaces. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic solvents contained in the gravure inks used at rotogravure factories had been done. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The gravure inks mainly consist of toluene, methyl ethyl ketone(MEK), and ethyl acetate(EA), and traces of isopropyl alcohol(IPA), xylene, 2-butanol, cyclohexane, cellosolve etc were also contained in them. 2. Thinner used as a diluent consist of toluene, MEK, and EA. 3. Geometric mean concentration of toluene in ambient air were 23.81 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 42.10 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper, 16.95 ppm at gravure printing of plastic bottle for beverage and 4.31 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. Concentrations of toluene in ambient air showed statistically significant difference between types of printing. 4. Concentrations of MEK in ambient air were 12.43 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 5.47 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper, 16.78 ppm at gravure printing of plastic bottle for beverage and 16.44 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. MEK concentrations in ambient air showed no significant difference. 5. Conentrations of EA were 14.30 ppm at gravure printing of packing material, 1.92 ppm at gravure printing of wallpaper and 21.12 ppm at gravure printing of plywood printing or floor covering. EA concentrations in ambient air shown significant difference. 6. Percentage of the workplaces where the ambient air concentration of organic solvent mixtures exceeded the Korean Permissble Exposure Level(KPEL) amounted to 18.03%. 7. Toluene concentrations in ambient air of rotogravure printing workplaces ranged from 0.69 to 156.02 ppm and urinary hippuric acid excretion ranged from 0.10 to $1.32g/{\ell}$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 1999

Taurine is a major $\beta$-amino acid in various tissues. Taurine transporter (TAUT) is responsible for the transportation of taurine in the cell. The transporter is affected by various stimuli to maintain its cell volume. Macrophage cell volume varies in its activated states. In our experiment, it was found that the murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, expressed TAUT protein in its membrane. Its transportation activities could be blocked by a $\beta$-amino acid such as $\beta$-alanine, but not by $\alpha$-amino acids in this cell line. When assessed in RAW264.7 under the influence of immunosuppressive reagents, the activity of the TAUT was decreased by the treatment of rapamycin (RM) or cyclosporin A (CsA). However when ionomycin (IM) was added to this system, TAUT activity was recovered only in CsA-treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In order to inhibit the voltage gated {TEX}$Ca^{+2}${/TEX} channel, calmidazolium was added to the RAW264.7 cell line. Treatment of the cell with calmidazolium completely blocked TAUT. Furthermore, addition of IM to this system recovered the activity of TAUT again. When we added phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to the cell line, secretion of nitric oxide (NO) was increased 4-fold and the TAUT activity was decreased 5-fold. However, the addition of N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, to the PMA-treated cells, resulted in the recovery of TAUT activity. These results showed that the activity of TAUT was sensitive to the intracellular concentrations of both {TEX}$Ca^{+2}${/TEX} and NO.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1986

Equimolar aqueous solutions of D-glucose and glycine were heated at $50^{\circ}C\;and\;95^{\circ}C$ at pH 6.7. The headspace volatiles and the ether extracts from the reaction mixture were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a fused silica capillary column. The major components formed were identified as diacetyl, three furfurals, two pyrroles, one furanone, two pyranones and two amides. In order to elucidate the formation mechanisms of the amides formed front amino-carbonyl reaction, two model systems were adopted. N-butylacetamide were formed as major components from diacetyl-butylamine ana glyoxal-butylamine systems, respectively. The results obtained suggest that such ${\alpha}-dicarbonyls$ as 3-deoxy-D-erythro-2,3-hexodiulose and diacetyl generated in the amino-carbonyl reaction react with amino compounds, amides then being formed by cleavage of the C-C bond in the ${\alpha}-dicarbonyls$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the neurototoxicity of the environmental pollutant lead acetate(LA) and the protective effect of the D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid(APV), N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor antagonist on LA-induced cytotoxicity in cultured C6 glioma cells. Materials and Methods: For this study, cell viability in cultured C6 glioma cells was assessed by XTT assay and antioxidative effect, such as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, by LDH detection kit. Results: LA significantly decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and the XTT50 value was determined to be 33.3 uM of LA. The cytotoxicity of LA was deemed highly toxic according to Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. The vitamin E antioxidant significantly increased cell viability damaged by LA-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. For the protective effect of APV on LA-induced cytotoxicity, APV significantly increased not only cell viability, but also inhibition of LDH activity. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the neurotoxicity of LA, and APV effectively protected against LA-induced cytotoxicity via an antioxidative effect as an inhibotory activity of LDH. Conclusions: Natural resources like APV may be putative therapeutic agents for the toxic diminution of environmental pollutants such as LA correlated with oxidative stress.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.634-638
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• 2005

The effects of ingredients added (first cutting ingredients vs. both first and second cutting ingredients), and cooking method (smoking vs. boiling) on product quality and volatile compounds were examined for low-fat and regular-fat sausages. Regular-fat sausages had slightly higher pH values (6.2-6.3) than those (6.1-6.2) of low-fat counterparts. However, the pH values of the sausages were not significantly affected by the different ingredients and cooking methods (p>0.05). Approximately 30 volatile compounds were identified from these comminuted sausages. The headspace concentrations of 4-methyl-1-[1-methylethyl]-3-cyclohexen-1-ol, ${\alpha}$- terpenyl acetate, eugenol, trans-caryophyllene and myristicine were lower in low-fat and regular-fat sausages containing the first cutting ingredients alone, than in those with both cutting ingredients. The volatile compounds of the smoked comminuted sausages were mostly phenols and hetero-compounds, and a lot of volatile compounds were shown before the retention time (RT) of 30 min. However, not many volatile compounds were detected in the boiled sausages prior to the RT of 30 min.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.255-258
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• 2004

Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp pekinensis) is one of the most popular green vegetables in Cruciferae family, which consisted in many Korean food. All kinds of Chinese cabbage are used both fresh and cooked with certain varieties being more suitable than others for some uses. A unique dish, Kimchi, has been developed in Korea and elsewhere by fermenting Chinese cabbage and pickling it in salt solution. Though lots of beneficial effect of Kimchi on human health has been published before, it is still debatable and in vague on the active origin of the Kimchi or of the Chinese cabbage responsible for the corresponding biological activities. We have recently conducted photochemical investigation of the Chinese cabbage, which is the main ingredient of the Korean traditional food, Kimchi. The MeOH extract of Chinese cabbage was partitioned with ethylacetate and BuOH, successively. The ethyl acetate soluble part was subjected to column chromatography with silica gel and RP-18, which gave finally five minor components, i.e., ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (1), indole-3-acetonitrile (2), 4-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile (3), methyl ferulate (4), glycerol 1-(9,12,15-octadecatrienoate) (5). The structures of them were established on the basis of spectral $(^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR)$ evidences.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

We have demonstrated the resonant resistance pattern changes of the polymer film in the quartz crystal analysis by the function of the molecular polarity phase transition phenomena. PVA and PMMA/PVAc blend films were used as hydrophilic and/or hydrophbic film, respectively. In the comparison between the hydrophilic shows the pattern changes near by the phase transition temperature. For more detailed explanation, the static capacity in the oscillation parameter was measured and the morphology of Au quartz crystal electrode was studied by AFM. It is suggested that the different resonant resistance pattern change is reliable in the condition of different polarity, and the conclusion is important to analysis of the real mechanism a normal quartz crystal experiments.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.221-226
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Allium victoriolis using Ames test and cytotoxicity. Allium victorialis extracted with ethanol and then further fractionated to chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. The inhibition rate of ethanol extract (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate) of Allium victorialis in the Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain showed 88.2% against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). The suppression ratio against 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO) in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains showed 76.4% and 83.0%, respectively. The cytotoxicity effects of Allium victorialis extract against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human gastric cacinoma (KATOIII) were inhibited with the increase of extract concentration. The treatment of 0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate Allium victorialis of ethanol extract showed strong cytotoxicities of 74.2%, 71.3% and 67.4% against A549, MCF-7 and KATOIII, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 1972

The polymerization rates of monomer or monomer mixture impregnated with catalyst into domestic soft woods such as pinus densiflora, pinus rigida and poplus deltoides e. t. c. were measured. The results were compared with those obtained by radiation curing method and the following conclusions were derived ; (1) Pinus densiflora and pinus rigida are superior to the poplus deltoides, and methyl methacrylate(M. M. A. ) is more effective than other monomers as far as the polymerization rates are only taken into account. (2) The polymerization rate of vinyl acetate is generally slow. And the polymerization rate of the monomer is the slowest in case of being impregnated into poplus deltoides. However, the polymerization rate of the comonomer composed of vinylacetate and M. M. A. is the fastest among the other monomers or monomer mixtures in woods regardless of the curing method. (3) The general trend of polymerization of monomer in wood is similar to that of monomers themselves in both curing methods if the woods contain not much resin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.651-655
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• 2001

To investigate the antimutagenic effect of Platycodon grandiflorum DC, methanol extract of Platycodon grandiflorum DC was investigated. In Ames test, the methanol extract showed inhibitory effects of 80-90% on the mutagenicity induced by indirect mutagen of IQ(2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) and direct mutatgen of MNNG(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. And then the methanol extract was further fractionated. Among the solvent extracted fractions from the methanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction exhibited the greatest antimutagenic effect suppressing the mutagenicity IQ and MNNG with inhibition rate of 99% and 98%.