• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2016

FPS게임은 플레이어가 1인칭 캐릭터의 시점에서 게임레벨의 목표에 따라 상대방을 타격하는 전투형태를 주된 게임플레이 구조로 가진다. 이러한 플레이 상황에서 플레이어의 행동을 유도하는 의사결정은 시각적 인지정보와 이전의 플레이경험을 통한 직 간접적 정보 수집을 통해 이루어진다. 특히 플레이어와 게임레벨간의 즉각적인 상호작용을 주된 플레이로 하는 FPS게임에서 플레이어의 시각적 인지정보에 대한 분석은 특정 게임레벨을 설계하고 수정할 수 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 FPS게임의 플레이 경험수준에 따라 플레이어를 초보자와 숙련자 그룹으로 나누고 아이트래킹 장비를 사용하여 대표적인 FPS게임 레벨에 대한 그룹별 시선경로 데이터를 수집하였다. 플레이어의 행동이 발생하는 시점인 전투시작 전후의 시선경로를 500개의 플레이영상으로 기록하고 그룹별 고유한 시선경로 패턴을 도출하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 FPS게임 레벨의 난이도조절과 플레이가능성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.286-290
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• 2010

본 연구를 통해 난백 단백질인 ovotransferrin 및 가수분해물의 항고혈압 효과를 얻을 수 있는 ACE 저해효과가 최초로 확인되었다. Ovotransferrin과 산 분해 및 효소 가수분해물의 ACE 저해효과 순서는 trypsin>pepsin>산 분해순인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, trypsin에 의해 가수분해되어 생산된 가수분해물이 가장 큰 ACE 저해효과(60.2%)를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이 결과를 토대로 trypsin에 의한 가수분해물의 최적화 연구를 수행하였다. ACE 저해효과를 효소 반응시간에 따른 생산을 검토한 결과, 7시간 일 때 64%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 7시간을 반응시간으로 최적화 실험을 계속 진행하였다. 기질과 효소의 비, pH, 반응온도를 변수로 사용하여 중심합성계획에 의해 총 16개의 조건으로 하여 최적화 하였다. 회귀식의 전체 $R^2$는 0.9908이었고, 0.01% 유의수준을 나타내었다. 중심합성계획에 따른 maximum response는 기질 농도 26.32%, pH 6.32, $51.29^{\circ}C$에서 ACE 저해효과 70.67%로 예측되어졌으며, 실제 실험으로 검증한 결과도 이와 유사하게 69.1%로 확인됨으로써, 본 실험을 통해 ACE 저해활성을 나타내는 가수분해물의 생산이 최적화되었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to examine the effect of audience attitude toward product placement, or PPL, on product attitude and purchase intention. PPL has increasingly been prevailing in TV dramas since the revision of the Broadcasting Act in January 2010, and it is quite widespread in today's society. Therefore, this study intends to investigate how the audience would take a particular attitude toward PPL in TV dramas and how their attitude would affect their product attitude and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - The sample for the current study was drawn from college students in Seoul in December 2013, as the main targets of the products and brands that were advertised by PPL are young people. The questionnaire for this study comprised nine parts, such as the knowledge of PPL, experience of PPL, TV drama watching time, impulsive buying propensity, celebrity imitating buying propensity, attitude toward PPL, attitude toward product, purchase intention, and demographic characteristics. The questionnaire items were measured by 5-point Likert scales. Whether the demographic characteristics and propensity to consume would affect PPL attitude was analyzed and how the PPL attitude would affect purchase intention through product attitude was analyzed as well. To analyze the relationship between variables, structural equation modeling analysis was performed with Amos 18.0. Results - The major findings of the study were as follows. First, whether the demographic characteristics and propensity to consume would affect PPL attitude was analyzed, and it is found that out of the demographic characteristics, only gender and knowledge of PPL exerted an influence on PPL attitude. In addition, celebrity-imitating buying propensity had an impact on PPL attitude. Second, whether PPL attitude would affect purchase intention through product attitude was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Consequently, it is found that PPL attitude impacted purchase intention through product attitude. Conclusions - The findings of the study had the following implications. First, in theoretical aspects, previous studies have proven only that attitude toward PPL influenced attitude toward product and purchase intention separately; however, the current study has investigated the mediated role of attitudes toward PPL. Second, regarding the practical aspects, as PPL attitude exercised an effect on purchase intention as well as product attitude, PPL should be utilized in a manner to stimulate the audience to take a positive attitude to it. Finally, gender, PPL knowledge, and celebrity-imitating buying orientation were identified as influential factors for PPL attitude. Specifically, female consumers showed a lower attitude toward PPL than males, and the consumers who have no knowledge showed a lower attitude toward PPL. The consumers who have celebrity imitating buying propensity expressed a higher attitude toward PPL. These factors should consequently be taken into account when PPL is planned and conducted. The current study has limitations such as the sample object, non- experimental method, and media biases. Therefore, future research should be conducted to address these limitations.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.344-349
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• 2005

섬백리향의 항산화 기능성 성분에 대한 마이크로웨이브 추출특성을 확인하고자 microwave power($0{\sim}160\;W$)와 추출시간($1{\sim}5$분)을 독립변수($X_i$)로 하여 중심합성계획에 의해 10개구간의 추출조건을 설계하였다. 또한 추출물의 기능성분인 총 추출수율, 총 페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량 및 전자공여능을 종속변수($Y_n$)로 하여 반응표면분석을 실시하여 최적 추출조건을 예측하였다. 도출된 회귀식의 $R^2$는 총 페놀성분을 제외하고는 모두 0.93 이상을 나타내었으며, microwave power는 추출시간보다 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 종속변수들의 최적 추출시간은 $3.36{\sim}4.97$분이었으나 microwave power는 넓은 분포를 보였으며, 기능성 성분들 모두를 추출하기 위한 추출조건 범위는microwave power $64{\sim}100\;W$, 추출시간 $2.9{\sim}4.0$분으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.153-170
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• 2020

Purpose - As the US-China trade war intensifies and lasts long time, there is growing concern about its potential effects on the global economy. In particular, for the countries like Korea that have a large economic dependence on the economy of the two countries, the US-China trade war may have a great repercussion in many ways. The aim of this paper is to investigate the global productivity and market structure implications of the US-China trade war for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Design/methodology - In this paper, we develop a full multi-country/region multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of global trade incorporating heterogeneous workers and firms in individual skill levels and used technologies. We then calibrate the model using a global Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) dataset extracted from the recently released GTAP 10 Database, and assess the potential effects of the US-China trade war on the aggregate real productivity and the market structure for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Findings - We show that the US-China trade war may largely affect the aggregate productivity in each sector in each country/region, as well as the global market structure through entry and exit of firms, which results finally in considerable changes in the industrial comparative advantage of each country/region. Though the effects are diverse sector by sector, the results show that Korea may also be affected significantly: concerning the real productivity implications, it is shown that the machinery industry may be affected the most negatively; on the other hand, it is shown that the number of exporting firms may decrease the most in the other transports industry. Originality/value - As the US-China trade war intensifies, many studies have tried to estimate the possible implications, and for this usually the CGE models have largely been used as the standard tool for evaluating the impacts of changes in trade policies. Standard CGE models, however, cannot be used to assess the global productivity and market structure implications due to the symmetric and simplified base assumptions. This paper is the first to analyze and quantify the possible impacts of the US-China trade war on the aggregate productivity and global market structure using a CGE model incorporating endogenous skill-technology assignment of heterogeneous workers and firms.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2019

기존의 Markov Chain 모형으로 일강우량 모의시에 강우의 발생여부를 모의하고 강우일의 강우량은 Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션을 통해 일강우 분포 특성에 맞는 분포형에서 랜덤으로 강우량을 추정하는 것이 일반적이다. 이때 강우 지속기간에 따른 강도 및 강우의 시간별 분포 등의 강우 사상의 특성을 반영할 수 없다는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 개선하기 위해 강우 사상을 1일 지속강우, 2일 지속강우, 3일 지속강우, 4일이상 지속강우로 구분하여 강우의 지속기간에 따라 강우량을 추정하였다. 즉 강우 사상의 강우 지속일별로 총강우량의 분포형을 비매개변수 추정이 가능한 핵밀도추정(Kernel Density Estimation, KDE)를 적용하여 각각 추정하였고, 강우가 지속될 경우에 지속일별로 해당하는 분포형에서 강우량을 구하였다. 각 강우사상에 대해 추정된 총 강우량은 k-최근접 이웃 알고리즘(k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm, KNN)을 통해 관측 강우자료에서 가장 유사한 강우량을 가지는 강우사상의 강우량 일분포 형태에 따라 각 일강우량으로 분배하였다. 본 연구는 기존의 강우량 추정 방법의 한계점을 개선하고자 하였으며, 연구 결과는 미래 강우에 대한 예측에도 활용될 수 있으며 수자원 설계에 있어서 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Purpose: Fast food franchise companies are trying a variety of innovative services to increase their competitiveness in response to changes in population composition in the fast food market and rapid changes in consumption trends due to technological development. From this point of view, franchise companies that have focused on offline store operations are providing O2O (offline to online) service as a core service for customer convenience. This new attempt is a strategy to increase loyalty by applying an interaction method based on understanding the characteristics of new generation consumers. However, existing studies are focused on the relationship between O2O service and acceptance, so very little is known about how O2O service affects customer loyalty. Therefore, this study examines the impacts of customer involvement and relative advantages of fast food O2O service on customer brand engagement (cognitive and affective engagement) and store loyalty for MZ(Millennials - Z) generations. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to achieve the purposes of this research, several hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 247 questionnaires in their 16-30s and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 program. Measurement model analysis was carried out to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Also, common method bias was tested using the values of VIF (variance inflation factor). The hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. Result: First, involvement has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Second, relative advantages have has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Third, cognitive influences affective engagement. Finally, both cognitive and affective engagement affect store loyalty, but affective engagement has a stronger effect on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Conclusions: In the process of consumer-brand interaction, it was confirmed that store loyalty was influenced by cognitive and affective engagement sequentially. However, the results show that affective engagement has a relatively stronger on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an O2O service strategy to maintain long-term loyal customers by inducing cognitive participation with high-involved consumer, as well as affective interaction, in order to obtain new customers and increase customer loyalty.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2020

Purpose - The UCP is recognized as the governing law for L/C transactions, but it covers only the general details of the transaction and does not cover all complex practices. In view of this limitation, this paper examines a negotiation transaction which is most actively utilized in L/C transactions via a thorough review of the UCP provisions, analyzes the problems of the negotiation clause in the UCP, and suggests appropriate countermeasures to deal with unnecessary litigation costs. By doing so, the parties involved in the negotiation transaction would be able to avoid financial costs such as having to pay for lawsuits. Design/methodology - The present study first differentiates the general types of L/Cs (e.g., sight payment L/C, deferred payment L/C, acceptance L/C, and negotiation L/C), explains and the Article 2 and Article 12(b) of the UCP 600 where the term 'negotiation' is used, digs into the drawbacks of 'negotiation' occurring under the UCP 600, and discusses solutions to the problems found by analyzing the drawbacks descriptively. Findings - After a review of the UCP provisions on negotiation in detail, several possible problems which may occur in practice were discovered. First, as the UCP stipulates, the negotiating bank will want to delay payment to the maximum extent possible and make payment on the banking day on which the issuing bank reimburses the amount. This may lead the beneficiary towards bankruptcy or put it in financial crisis. Second, when a fraudulent transaction occurs, the negotiating bank can neither request the issuing bank to reimburse nor can it exercise its recourse right against the beneficiary because it has obtained all the rights of the beneficiary by purchasing the documents. Third, there is a practice in which the beneficiary sells the documents to its transaction bank which is not the nominated bank if the nominated bank specified in the credit is located in a third country or the exporter has no relationship with the nominated bank in the credit. In this case, whether to accept this and reimburse the non-nominated negotiating bank entirely depends on the issuing bank's decision even though such practice frequently occurs in Korea. Originality/value - There has been little research effort pertaining to negotiation transactions in detail even though negotiation L/C transactions account for around 70% in world trade notwithstanding deferred payment L/Cs and acceptance L/Cs that are also negotiated in practice. Thus, if the negotiations clause under the UCP 600 provisions were reviewed and the drawbacks of the negotiation transactions most actively used in L/C transactions were identified and examined, specific countermeasures could ultimately help smoothen the operation of L/C transactions and prevent financial losses.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2021

본고는 지역문화콘텐츠를 활용한 보드게임 개발에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구와 관련된 선행연구로서 보드게임 개발의 기초연구 및 문화유산을 소재로 한 문화 상품 관련 연구 그리고 지역의 문화관광자원을 활용한 스토리텔링 개발 연구 등을 고찰하였다. 그 중 주목적인 보드게임의 및 개발 과정을 위해 이대웅·오승택(2004)의 연구방법론 기대어 논의를 진행하였다. 그 결과 기획회의, 제안서 작성, 보드게임 설계와 보드게임 3D 그래픽 제작 과정, 프로토타입 개발 등을 성공적으로 진행할 수 있었다. 특이할 점은 논산의 독보적인 지역 특성을 담은 캐릭터(곶감, 딸기, 대추, 젓갈)를 탐색하여 활용하였다. 또한 논산시 문화재로 지정된 돈암서원과 관촉사 등 주요 문화유산을 보드게임의 중요한 보물찾기 내용으로 접목시켜서 흥미성과 교육성을 동시에 높일 수 있었다. 본고의 주제인 '논산, 잃어버린 보물을 찾아서'라는 보드게임 놀이는 컴퓨터 게임의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 새로운 교육용 대안으로 교육적 기여도가 높으며 개인의 놀이가 아닌 공동체적 여가놀이의 속성이 지녔다는 장점도 가지고 있다. 향후 이 보드게임 개발 연구를 토대로 다른 지역의 문화요소를 활용한 게임제작의 결과물을 기대하고자 한다.