• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2016

FPS Games are usually centered on a combat game play where the player plays through a first-person perspective as the in-game character, in order to strike the opponent in accordance with each level's objective. In such type of game play, the decision making that leads the player to take certain actions is carried out based on the player's visual cognitive information, and information collected both directly/indirectly via previous game play experiences. Particularly in the case of a FPS game where the mutual interaction between the player and each game level is the key, an analysis of a FPS game player's visual cognitive information can provide intelligence which can help design or adjust structures of a game level. For this thesis, a sample group has been collected and divided into a novice group and an expert group based on their level of experience with FPS games. Then, using eye-tracking equipments, the point of gaze of players in each group were recorded whilst they were playing levels of a well-known FPS title. The point of gaze in the moment the player starts to take actions -right before/after the start of a combat- was recorded in 500 play videos, and as a result each group's intrinsic pattern of gaze could be identified. Through these results, the author plans to develop a methodology that can enhance the difficulty setting and the playability of FPS game levels.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.286-290
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• 2010

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and production optimization of ovotransferrin hydrolysates were studied. Ovotransferrin was hydrolyzed by several enzymes (protamex, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, neutrase, and flavorzyme) and acid (0.03 N HCl). Ovotransferrin hydrolysate reduced ACE activity by 60.2%, 55.8%, and 42.6% when treated with trypsin, acid, and pepsin, respectively. Trypsin was selected for production of peptide having maximum AC inhibitory effect, which was greatest with 7 h hydrolysis. Central composite design determined that optimum composition of ACE inhibitory substances using substrate concentration of 20-35%, temperature of $35-55^{\circ}C$, and pH of 6.0-8.0. The optimum composition was 1% trypsin, substrate concentration of 26.32%, $51.29^{\circ}C$, and pH 6.32. Under this conditions, a maximum ACE inhibitory effect of 69.1% was evident, similar to the predicted value.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to examine the effect of audience attitude toward product placement, or PPL, on product attitude and purchase intention. PPL has increasingly been prevailing in TV dramas since the revision of the Broadcasting Act in January 2010, and it is quite widespread in today's society. Therefore, this study intends to investigate how the audience would take a particular attitude toward PPL in TV dramas and how their attitude would affect their product attitude and purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology - The sample for the current study was drawn from college students in Seoul in December 2013, as the main targets of the products and brands that were advertised by PPL are young people. The questionnaire for this study comprised nine parts, such as the knowledge of PPL, experience of PPL, TV drama watching time, impulsive buying propensity, celebrity imitating buying propensity, attitude toward PPL, attitude toward product, purchase intention, and demographic characteristics. The questionnaire items were measured by 5-point Likert scales. Whether the demographic characteristics and propensity to consume would affect PPL attitude was analyzed and how the PPL attitude would affect purchase intention through product attitude was analyzed as well. To analyze the relationship between variables, structural equation modeling analysis was performed with Amos 18.0. Results - The major findings of the study were as follows. First, whether the demographic characteristics and propensity to consume would affect PPL attitude was analyzed, and it is found that out of the demographic characteristics, only gender and knowledge of PPL exerted an influence on PPL attitude. In addition, celebrity-imitating buying propensity had an impact on PPL attitude. Second, whether PPL attitude would affect purchase intention through product attitude was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Consequently, it is found that PPL attitude impacted purchase intention through product attitude. Conclusions - The findings of the study had the following implications. First, in theoretical aspects, previous studies have proven only that attitude toward PPL influenced attitude toward product and purchase intention separately; however, the current study has investigated the mediated role of attitudes toward PPL. Second, regarding the practical aspects, as PPL attitude exercised an effect on purchase intention as well as product attitude, PPL should be utilized in a manner to stimulate the audience to take a positive attitude to it. Finally, gender, PPL knowledge, and celebrity-imitating buying orientation were identified as influential factors for PPL attitude. Specifically, female consumers showed a lower attitude toward PPL than males, and the consumers who have no knowledge showed a lower attitude toward PPL. The consumers who have celebrity imitating buying propensity expressed a higher attitude toward PPL. These factors should consequently be taken into account when PPL is planned and conducted. The current study has limitations such as the sample object, non- experimental method, and media biases. Therefore, future research should be conducted to address these limitations.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 2005

Microwave-assisted process (MAP) was applied to extract antioxidant-related components from Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica Hara. Microwave power(2,450 MHz, $0{\sim}160$ W) and extraction time($1{\sim}5\;min$) were used as independent variables($X_i$) for central composite design to yield 10 different extraction conditions. Response surface methodology was applied to predict optimum extraction conditions for dependent variables of extracts, such as total yield, total phenolics, flavonoid, and electron donation ability depending on different powers and extraction times of MAP. Determination coefficients($R^2$) of regression equations for dependent variables were higher than 0.93 excluding that of total phenolics, and microwave power was predicted more influential than extraction time in MAP (p<0.05). The optimal extraction time for each dependent variable was ranged from 3.36 to 4.97 min, but microwave power showed wide ranges depending on variables. The superimposed contour maps for maximized dependent variables illustrated extraction conditions of 64 to 100 W in microwave power and 2.9 to 4.0 min in extraction time.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.153-170
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• 2020

Purpose - As the US-China trade war intensifies and lasts long time, there is growing concern about its potential effects on the global economy. In particular, for the countries like Korea that have a large economic dependence on the economy of the two countries, the US-China trade war may have a great repercussion in many ways. The aim of this paper is to investigate the global productivity and market structure implications of the US-China trade war for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Design/methodology - In this paper, we develop a full multi-country/region multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of global trade incorporating heterogeneous workers and firms in individual skill levels and used technologies. We then calibrate the model using a global Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) dataset extracted from the recently released GTAP 10 Database, and assess the potential effects of the US-China trade war on the aggregate real productivity and the market structure for Korea, as well as for other surrounding countries and regions. Findings - We show that the US-China trade war may largely affect the aggregate productivity in each sector in each country/region, as well as the global market structure through entry and exit of firms, which results finally in considerable changes in the industrial comparative advantage of each country/region. Though the effects are diverse sector by sector, the results show that Korea may also be affected significantly: concerning the real productivity implications, it is shown that the machinery industry may be affected the most negatively; on the other hand, it is shown that the number of exporting firms may decrease the most in the other transports industry. Originality/value - As the US-China trade war intensifies, many studies have tried to estimate the possible implications, and for this usually the CGE models have largely been used as the standard tool for evaluating the impacts of changes in trade policies. Standard CGE models, however, cannot be used to assess the global productivity and market structure implications due to the symmetric and simplified base assumptions. This paper is the first to analyze and quantify the possible impacts of the US-China trade war on the aggregate productivity and global market structure using a CGE model incorporating endogenous skill-technology assignment of heterogeneous workers and firms.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2019

When simulating the daily rainfall amount by existing Markov Chain model, it is general to simulate the rainfall occurrence and to estimate the rainfall amount randomly from the distribution which is similar to the daily rainfall distribution characteristic using Monte Carlo simulation. At this time, there is a limitation that the characteristics of rainfall intensity and distribution by time according to the rainfall duration are not reflected in the results. In this study, 1-day, 2-day, 3-day, 4-day rainfall event are classified, and the rainfall amount is estimated by rainfall duration. In other words, the distributions of the total amount of rainfall event by the duration are set using the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), the daily rainfall in each day are estimated from the distribution of each duration. Total rainfall amount determined for each event are divided into each daily rainfall considering the type of daily distribution of the rainfall event which has most similar rainfall amount of the observed rainfall using the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (KNN). This study is to develop the limitation of the existing rainfall estimation method, and it is expected that this results can use for the future rainfall estimation and as the primary data in water resource design.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Purpose: Fast food franchise companies are trying a variety of innovative services to increase their competitiveness in response to changes in population composition in the fast food market and rapid changes in consumption trends due to technological development. From this point of view, franchise companies that have focused on offline store operations are providing O2O (offline to online) service as a core service for customer convenience. This new attempt is a strategy to increase loyalty by applying an interaction method based on understanding the characteristics of new generation consumers. However, existing studies are focused on the relationship between O2O service and acceptance, so very little is known about how O2O service affects customer loyalty. Therefore, this study examines the impacts of customer involvement and relative advantages of fast food O2O service on customer brand engagement (cognitive and affective engagement) and store loyalty for MZ(Millennials - Z) generations. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to achieve the purposes of this research, several hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 247 questionnaires in their 16-30s and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 program. Measurement model analysis was carried out to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Also, common method bias was tested using the values of VIF (variance inflation factor). The hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. Result: First, involvement has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Second, relative advantages have has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Third, cognitive influences affective engagement. Finally, both cognitive and affective engagement affect store loyalty, but affective engagement has a stronger effect on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Conclusions: In the process of consumer-brand interaction, it was confirmed that store loyalty was influenced by cognitive and affective engagement sequentially. However, the results show that affective engagement has a relatively stronger on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an O2O service strategy to maintain long-term loyal customers by inducing cognitive participation with high-involved consumer, as well as affective interaction, in order to obtain new customers and increase customer loyalty.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.49-70
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• 2020

Purpose - The UCP is recognized as the governing law for L/C transactions, but it covers only the general details of the transaction and does not cover all complex practices. In view of this limitation, this paper examines a negotiation transaction which is most actively utilized in L/C transactions via a thorough review of the UCP provisions, analyzes the problems of the negotiation clause in the UCP, and suggests appropriate countermeasures to deal with unnecessary litigation costs. By doing so, the parties involved in the negotiation transaction would be able to avoid financial costs such as having to pay for lawsuits. Design/methodology - The present study first differentiates the general types of L/Cs (e.g., sight payment L/C, deferred payment L/C, acceptance L/C, and negotiation L/C), explains and the Article 2 and Article 12(b) of the UCP 600 where the term 'negotiation' is used, digs into the drawbacks of 'negotiation' occurring under the UCP 600, and discusses solutions to the problems found by analyzing the drawbacks descriptively. Findings - After a review of the UCP provisions on negotiation in detail, several possible problems which may occur in practice were discovered. First, as the UCP stipulates, the negotiating bank will want to delay payment to the maximum extent possible and make payment on the banking day on which the issuing bank reimburses the amount. This may lead the beneficiary towards bankruptcy or put it in financial crisis. Second, when a fraudulent transaction occurs, the negotiating bank can neither request the issuing bank to reimburse nor can it exercise its recourse right against the beneficiary because it has obtained all the rights of the beneficiary by purchasing the documents. Third, there is a practice in which the beneficiary sells the documents to its transaction bank which is not the nominated bank if the nominated bank specified in the credit is located in a third country or the exporter has no relationship with the nominated bank in the credit. In this case, whether to accept this and reimburse the non-nominated negotiating bank entirely depends on the issuing bank's decision even though such practice frequently occurs in Korea. Originality/value - There has been little research effort pertaining to negotiation transactions in detail even though negotiation L/C transactions account for around 70% in world trade notwithstanding deferred payment L/Cs and acceptance L/Cs that are also negotiated in practice. Thus, if the negotiations clause under the UCP 600 provisions were reviewed and the drawbacks of the negotiation transactions most actively used in L/C transactions were identified and examined, specific countermeasures could ultimately help smoothen the operation of L/C transactions and prevent financial losses.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.457-464
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• 2021

This study is a study on the development of board games using local cultural contents. As a prior study related to this study, basic research on board game development, research on cultural products based on cultural heritage, and storytelling development research using local cultural and tourism resources were considered. Among them, for the main purpose of board games and development process, discussions were conducted on the research methodology of Lee Dae-woong and Oh Seung-taek (2004). As a result, it was possible to successfully proceed with planning meetings, proposal preparation, board game design, board game 3D graphic production process, and prototype development. What is peculiar is that characters (dried persimmons, strawberries, jujube, and salted seafood) containing Nonsan's unique regional characteristics were searched and utilized. In addition, major cultural heritages such as Donamseowon Confucian Academy and Gwanchoksa Temple, designated as Nonsan-si cultural properties, were combined with important treasure hunt contents of board games to enhance interest and education at the same time. The theme of this paper, Nonsan, Finding Lost Treasure, is a new educational alternative that can solve the problems of computer games, and has the advantage of having the nature of community leisure play, not individual play. Based on this board game development research in the future, we intend to expect the results of game production using cultural elements from other regions.