• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2001

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was obtained from the clinical specimens at Pusan national university Hospital, Pusan, Korea. The sensitivities against various antibiotics were examined by using disc diffusion test and associated genes such as mecA, mecR1, mecI and femA were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Among Seventy-nine strains of MRSA, 38 strains(48.1%)were sensitive to streptomycin and 32 strains(40.5%) to cefoperazone, while one strain(1.3%) were resistant to vancomycin. In considering the result of this study, 7 strains showed resistance to 9 kinds of different antibiotics, 12 strains were to 8 kinds, 24 strains were to 7,25 strains were to 6, 9 strains were to 5, and 2 strains were to 4 antibiotics. Among 79 strains of MRSA, 67 strains were coagulase positive and 12 were coagulase negative. In the detection of MRSA associated genes by PCR method, mecA, mecR1, mecI, and femA genes were detected in 30 strains(44.8%), 28 strains(41.8%), 23 strains(34.3%) and 15 strains(22.4%), respectively. MecA type that is without femA were found in 21 strains(31.3%), femA type that is without regulator genes were shown in 4 strains(6.0%), while mecA-mecR1-mecI type with regulator genes were shown more to be 17 strains(25.4%). There was little statistical significance between multidrug resistance and MRSA associated genes. Considering these result, it is necessary to include moecular biological studies of related genes to the study drug resistance.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2003

Water-insoluble chitosan with molecular weight of 2,000,000, 500,000, 80,000, and 40,000 and more than 90% of degree of deacetylation were used to test antibacterial activity of chitosan against a pathogenic bacteria, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), which is being issued in the world. As experimental method, Agar plate Smear Method and Agar plate Contact Method were used. The moleculur weight of chitosan didn't exert significant influences on its antibacterial activity against MRSA but chitosan having molecular weight 40,000, 80,000 and 150,000 showed the excellent antibacterial activity. The antibacterial efHciency was excellent in applying it after chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, while the antibacterial efficiency was not expressed nearly in case of applying after chitosan was dissolved in neutral water. Therefore, it is considered that chitosan can show the antibacterial efficiency only if a positive ion status of -NH₃/sup +/ is maintained. MIC of chitosan/acetic acid solution and cotton fabrics finished with chitosan/acetic acid solution showed in concentration of 0.05%.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.557-563
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• 2002

Water-soluble chitosan and water-insoluble chitosan with molecular weight of 2,000,000, 500,000, 80,000, and 40,000 with more than 90%of degree of deacetylation were produced to test antibacterial activity of chitosan against a pathogenic bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). the AATCC Test Method 100and Modified AATCC Test Method 100 were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan. Antibacterial activity of chitosan/acetic acid solution was the same when they were tested by two different methods, but those of polyester fabrics treated with chitosan/acetic acid solution were different in different antibacterial test. So several problems were found in the experimental methods. The AATCC Test Method 100 seems that excessive nutrition exists in inoculum solution by quantitative analysis on the basis the result of antibacterial activity on chitosan/acetic acid solution and amount of chitosan attached to the surface of treated fabrics.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2002

These cases were performed on the bases of clinical consideration about patients who had Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection. One patient was a 67-years-old women who had sequela of inter cranial hemorrhage & inter ventricular hemorrhage, hypertention, urinary tract infection and pneumonia. Clinical symptoms were intermittent fever, sputum, Lt. side hemiparesis and dysphagia. She was chronic, repeated infection state. It could be regarded as "unpreparedness of the spirit which animates and controls the universe; 正氣虛", the oriental term which indicates a condition of chronic disease or general weakness. According to the oriental medicine principle, oriental medicine was taken such as Wunggunza-tang(六君子湯) and the patient had taken a turn for the better. After 3 months, MRSA infection diappeared. The other patient was a 43-years-old women who had Both brain stem infarction, Lt. cerebellar infarction, hypercholesterolemia, urinary tract infection and pneumonia, Clinical symptoms were quadriplegia, dysphagia(levin tube insert state), aphasia, respiration disorder(tracheostomy cannular keep state) and sputum. She was chronic, repeated infection state. It could be regarded as "unpreparedness of spleen energy, unpreparedness of both energy and blood; 脾氣虛, 氣血兩虛", the oriental term which indicates a condition of chronic disease or immunodeficiency. According to the oriental medicine principle, oriental medicine was taken such as Bojungyggi-tang(補中益氣湯), Palmul-tang(八物湯) and the patient had taken a turn for the better. After I month, MRSA was turned into Escherichia coli.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the current status of isolation precautions of multidrug resistant organisms(MDROs) in general hospitals with more than 200bed. The questionnaires were mailed from 3rd, April 2013 to 30th, April 2013. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus:(MRSA), vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus:(VRSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococcus(VRE), multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were enrolled. MRSA(100.0%) and VRE(98.7%) were isolated respectively. VRE(97.3%) and MRSA(64.0%) were regulated strictly respectively. VRE(91.5%) and VRSA(50.7%) were isolated in a single room respectively. Hospital being located in Seoul(p<0.001), and beds(${\geq}600$)(p=0.008) were different significantly. The isolation space limitation(71.1%) was the highest difficulty. The development of refunding the costs of the extra supplies and other hygienic materials for infection control was discovered as the most urgent strategy.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing compliance of multidrug-resistant organism infection control in intensive care units (ICU) nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 254 ICU nurses who were working at 6 general and advanced general hospitals in D city and G Province. Results: 77.2% and 84.4% of the subjects correctly answered to questions about Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE), respectively. The scores of MRSA infection control compliance and VRE infection control compliance were 3.41 and 3.43, respectively. The factors influencing MRSA infection control compliance were empowerment, environmental safety recognition, and education satisfaction, which explained 30% of MRSA infection control compliance. The factors significantly related to VRE infection control compliance were empowerment, hospital types, environmental safety recognition, number of education sessions, and neonatal ICU, which explained 37% of VRE infection control compliance. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop efficient educational programs for infection control including educational contents to improve empowerment and environmental safety recognition of nurses. Furthermore, administrative support for those infection control programs is also necessary.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.12.1-12.10
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• 2024

Background: Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius are the major etiological agents of staphylococcal infections in humans, livestock, and companion animals. The misuse of antimicrobial drugs has led to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus spp., including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). One novel therapeutic approach against MRSA and MRSP is a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) that can bind to the target nucleotide strands and block expression. Previously, two PNAs conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides (P-PNAs), antisense PNA (ASP)-cmk and ASP-deoD, targeting two essential genes in S. aureus, were constructed, and their antibacterial activities were analyzed. Objectives: This study analyzed the combined antibacterial effects of P-PNAs on S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius clinical isolates. Methods: S. aureus ATCC 29740 cells were treated simultaneously with serially diluted ASP-cmk and ASP-deoD, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured. The combined P-PNA mixture was then treated with S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius veterinary isolates at the determined MIC, and the antibacterial effect was examined. Results: The combined treatment of two P-PNAs showed higher antibacterial activity than the individual treatments. The MICs of two individual P-PNAs were 20 and 25 µM, whereas that of the combined treatment was 10 µM. The application of a combined treatment to clinical Staphylococcus spp. revealed S. aureus isolates to be resistant to P-PNAs and S. pseudintermedius isolates to be susceptible. Conclusions: These observations highlight the complexity of designing ASPs with high efficacy for potential applications in treating staphylococcal infections in humans and animals.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2010

무화과는 뽕나무 과에 속하며 세계에서 가장 오래된 과일 중 하나이고, 국내에서는 주로 소화장애, 염증성궤양 그리고 가려움증 등에 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 무화과 잎을 메탄올로 추출한 후 임상진료실에서 분리된 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균(MRSA)에 대한 항균활성을 보았다. 그 결과 분리된 MRSA 1-20에서 최소억제농도 (MIC)는 2.5 mg/mL에서 20 mg/mL 농도로 측정되었으며, 최소살균농도(MBC)는 5 mg/mL에서 20 mg/mL 농도로 관찰되었다. Oxacillin이나 ampicillin과 병용투여 시 4-8배 이상의 MIC/MBC농도가 감소되었으며, FICI 값도 0.0375-0.5이하로 병용효과를 나타내었다. 더불어 메탄올추출물 단독 사용시 보다 항생제와 병용투여 시 빠른 사멸효과를 보였다. 결론적으로 무화과 잎이 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균에 항균활성을 나타냄을 확인하였으며, 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균 감염에 천연 치료제로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

The aims of this study were to investigate the nosocomial infection route of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and explore preventative methods for this pathogen that involve blocking its dispersion. We cultured MRSA from nasal cavity swabs collected between June and July 2008 that we obtained from eight dental healthcare providers, 32 nurses and the sputum specimens of two patients from our hospital. In addition, we used VITEK 2 equipment to measure drug sensitivity, and we further performed biochemical testing and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to isolate MRSA colonies. The incidence of these bacteria on the nasal swabs was 25.0% from dental clinic healthcare providers, 13.6% from the internal medicine ward nurses and 30.0% from intensive care unit nurses. Moreover, MRSA was detectable in sputum specimens of ward patients. The antimicrobial agents resistance and partial PFGE types of MRSA showed a similar pattern. We suggest from these analyses that nasal cavity infection by MRSA could occur by cross contamination between healthcare providers and patients which underscores the importance of stringent MRSA management practices.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2013

In an effort to discover an alternative antibiotic for treating infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas sp. UJ-6, a marine bacterium that exhibited antibacterial activity against MRSA, was isolated. The culture broth and its ethyl acetate extract exhibited bactericidal activity against MRSA. The extract also exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria, which were not susceptible to vancomycin. The treatment of MRSA with the extract resulted in abnormal cell lysis. The extract retained >95% of its anti-MRSA activity after heat treatment for 15 min at $121^{\circ}C$. Thus, although most antibiotics are unstable under conditions of thermal stress, Pseudomonas sp. UJ-6 produces a heat-stable anti-MRSA substance. The results of this study strongly suggest that Pseudomonas sp. UJ-6 can be used to develop a novel, heat-stable, broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of MRSA infections.