• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1140-1146
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 항균작용, 항암작용, 항산화작용이 있는 것으로 알려져 있는 마늘을 이용하여 소비자의 요구에 부합하는 기능성 전통 고추장 개발을 목표로 마늘죽을 첨가한 고추장을 제조한 후 이에 대한 성분 분석, 항산화능력 및 항암 능력을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 고추장의 품질 기준으로 평가되는 아미노태 질소함량분석 결과, 마늘죽 첨가 고추장이 시판 고추장에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으며 숙련된 패널을 대상으로 관능 평가한 결과 생마늘 첨가 고추장이 색을 제외한 항목에 있어 마늘 특유의 향에 대한 거리감으로 인해 낮게 평가된 반면 마늘죽 형태로 첨가한 고추장의 경우 평가항목 모두에서 높은 점수를 얻었다. 질량 분석기를 이용하여 마늘죽 첨가 고추장을 정성 분석한 결과 diallyl disulfide (C6H10S2)와 diallyl trisulfide (C6H10S3)와 같은 유효 기능성 성분인 설파이드계 화합물이 존재하는 곳으로 확인되었다. 항산화 능력은 마늘죽 첨가고추장이 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력에 있어서 모두 시판 고추장에 비해 높은 것으로 조사되었으며 특히 MTT assay법으로 위암(MKN45), 대장암(HCT116), 폐암세포(NCI-H460)를 대상으로 항암효과를 조사한 결과 마늘죽 첨가 고추장의 경우 모든 암세포에 대해 항암효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 위암(MKN45)세포에 대한 항암효과가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 마늘죽 첨가 고추장(마늘 함량 23%, w/w)이 시판 고추장 및 생마늘 첨가 고추장(마늘 함량 10%, w/w)보다 항산화 및 항암효과가 높은 이유는 마늘 함유량이 높기 때문으로 생각된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 참나무 수종을 달리하여 톱밥재배한 표고의 항산화 활성을 알아보기 위해 건조된 표고를 70% methanol로 추출하여 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거활성, ferric reducing antioxidant capacity(FRAP), reducing power를 측정하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과, 갈참나무로 톱밥재배 한 표고가 3.12 mg GAE/g과 0.84 mg QE/g으로 다른 수종에 비해 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 측정 결과, 10 mg/mL일 때 다른 수종에서 재배한 표고에 비해 갈참나무(89.4%)와 상수리나무(87.9%)에서 가장 높았다. FRAP은 갈참나무일 때 0.425로 가장 높게 나타났고, reducing power도 역시 갈참나무에서 0.359로 가장 높게 나타내었다. 참나무 수종에 따른 표고의 항산화 활성은 갈참나무로 톱밥재배한 것이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로 동일한 균주를 이용하더라도 톱밥재료에 따라 표고의 항산화 활성이 차이가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.676-681
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• 2008

To obtain a natural antioxidant from a marine biomass, this study investigated the antioxidative activity of methanolic extracts from the marine brown alga, Ishige okamurae collected off Jeju Island. A potent free radical scavenging activity was detected in the ethyl acetate fraction containing polyphenolic compounds, and the potent antioxidant elucidated as a kind of phlorotannin, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, by NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The free radical scavenging activities of the diphlorethohydroxycarmalol were investigated in relation to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), alkyl, and hydroxyl radicals using an electron spin resonance (ESR) system. The diphlorethohydroxycarmalol was found to scavenge DPPH ($IC_{50}=3.41{\mu}M$) and alkyl ($IC_{50}=4.92{\mu}M$) radicals more effectively than the commercial antioxidant, ascorbic acid. Therefore, these results present diphlorethohydroxycarmalol as a new phlorotannin with a potent antioxidative activity that could be useful in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2016

사람과 어류에게 감염증을 유발하는 Edwardsiella sp., Streptococcus sp. 및 Vibrio sp. 의 해양 유해세균에 대한 해조류 추출물의 항균 활성을 조사하였다. 연구에 사용된 4종의 식용 해조류 중에서 감태 MeOH 추출물이 본 연구에서 사용 된 6종의 모든 해양 유해세균에 대해 넓은 범위의 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 감태의 MeOH 추출물의 유기용매 분획 추출물들 중에서, EtOAc 분획 추출물이 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내었으며 6종의 해양 유해세균에 대하여 $128{\mu}g/mL$에서 $256{\mu}g/mL$의 MIC 값을 나타내었다. 또한, HPLC 분석에 의해 감태 EtOAc 분획 추출물에 phlorotannin 화합물인 dieckol이 다량 존재하고 있는 것이 확인 되었다. 결론적으로, 감태 추출물의 phlorotannin 화합물이 여러 유해세균에 대한 강한 항균활성을 나타내는 것처럼, 해양 유해세균에 대해서도 강한 항균활성을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2019

Phlox subulata is a perennial herbaceous flower and is a member of the Polemoniaceae family. This plant is known to resist to various stresses including salt, drought, heat, and cold stresses. In this investigation, we evaluated the ant-inflammatory effect of the methanolic extract of P.subulata(PSM) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglia. PSM reduced the production of nitric oxide(NO) in LPS-stimulated both RAW264.7 and BV2 cells, but did not affect to the production of prostaglandin E2(PGE₂). It inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 in both cells. In addition, PSM suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. These inhibitory effects were contributed by inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) pathways by PSM. Thus, these results suggested that P.subulata can be a candidate material to treat inflammatory diseases.

• ALGAE
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2012

Cyanobacteria are well known for their production of a multitude of highly toxic and / or allelopathic compounds. Among the photosynthetic microorganisms, cyanobacteria, belonging to the genus Nostoc are regarded as good candidate for producing biologically active secondary metabolites which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. Since so many reports have been published on the poisoning of different animals from drinking water contaminated with cyanobacteria toxins, it might be assumed that bioactive compounds are found only in aquatic species causes toxicity. However, the discovery of several dead dogs, mice, ducks, and fish around paddy fields, prompted us to study the toxic compounds in a strain of Nostoc which is most abundant in the paddy fields of Iran, using polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and mass spectrophotometer. Results of molecular analysis demonstrated that the ASN_M strain contains the nosF gene. Also, the result of ion chromatograms and $MS^2$ fragmentation patterns showed that while there were three different peptidic compound classes (anabaenopeptin, cryptophycin, and nostocyclopeptides), there were no signs of the presence of anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, hassallidin or microcystins. Moreover, a remarkable antifungal activity was identified in the methanolic extracts. Based on the results, this study suggests that three diverse groups of potentially bioactive compounds might account for the death of these animals. This case is the first documented incident of toxicity from aquatic cyanobacteria related intoxication in dogs, mice, and aquatic organisms in Iran.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

During austral summer 1998 we examined the impacts of artificial UV-B and solar radiation on chlorophyll a content and fresh weight of four species of Antarctic red algae namely, Georgiella confluens, Iridaea cordata, Pantoneura plocamioides and Porphyra endiviifolium. These subject species were taken in consideration of clear demarcations of their vertical distribution and classified as shallow water group (Iridaea and Porphyra) and deep water group (Georgiella and Pantoneura). When irradiated with artificial UV-B at the irradiance of $2.0Wm^{-2}$ the shallow water inhabitants were much more resistant than the algae from deep water the fresh weight of which was reduced by 40-50% relative to control apart from loss of pigmentation. Direct solar radiation was lethal to the deep water group with a sign of complete bleaching whereas the shallow water group did not show any change in the physiological parameters. We were unable to discriminate difference in the algal sensitivity between UV-filtered and UV-transparent treatments since samples tested were either all unaffected or dead. Spectrophotometric measurements of methanolic extracts revealed a strong absorption peak in the UV range in the shallow water group of algae, Iridaea and Porphyra, but not in the deep water counterparts. Species difference in sensitivity to artificial UV-B and solar radiation is discussed in relation to biochemical and morphological characteristics and the role of the radiation in the algal vertical distribution is suggested from ecological perspective.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2014

With the continuing demand for new solutions in the development of effective and safe candidiasis therapies, we investigated the efficacy of an antifungal agent from the marine brown alga Eisenia bicyclis. The methanolic extract of E. bicyclis evinced potential antifungal activity against Candida species. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble extract from E. bicyclis demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against Candida species among five solvent-soluble extracts. Indeed, the EtOAc-soluble extract showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 4 to 8 mg/mL. Furthermore, the EtOAc-soluble extract considerably reversed high-level fluconazole resistance of Candida species. The MIC values of fluconazole against Candida species decreased substantially (from 64 to $4{\mu}g/mL$) in combination with the MIC of the EtOAc-soluble extract (4 mg/mL). The fractional inhibitory concentration indices of fluconazole ranged from 0.531 to 0.625 in combination with 4, 2, or 1 mg/mL of the EtOAc-soluble extract against Candida isolates, indicating that these combinations exert a marked synergistic effect against Candida isolates. These findings imply that compounds derived from E. bicyclis can be a potential source of natural antifungal agents against Candida species.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2005

가시오갈피 유식물체의 함유성분을 밝히고, 분리된 화합물들을 대상으로 DPPH를 이용한 항산화활성을 측정하여 대체 약용자원으로서의 사용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 가시오갈피 유식물체를 MeOH로 추출, 농축하고 Hexane, EtOAc 및 BuOH순으로 분획하여 얻은 각각의 분획을 대상으로 성분연구에 착수하였다. 각종 column chromatography를 이용하여 성분을 분리한 결과 EtOAc분획으로부터 1종의 화합물을 분리하였고, BuOH 분획으로부터 1종의 화합물을 분리하였다. 이들 화합물에 대하여 UV, IR, Mass, $^1H-NMR$ 및 $^{13}C-NMR$ spectrum과 문헌치를 대조하여 그 구조를 동정한 결과그 구조는 각각 Chlorogenic acld (1)과 1,4-di-O-caffeoyl-quinic acid (2)이였다. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picry-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity를 이용하여 측정한 항산화활성의 $RC_{50}$ value는 각각 1.2 및 $0.4\;{\mu}g/ml$였다. 이상의 결과로부터 가시오갈피 유식물체 (Eleutherococcus senticosus Max.)는 천연 항산화제로서의 개발가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2007

Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) is an oriental medicinal herb distributed in China and Taiwan, and its heartwood has been traditionally used as an analgesic, a therapy for thrombosis or tumor. This study was to investigate the proliferation and inhibition effects of Caesalpinia sappan extracts against human epithelial cell and cancer cell lines. The methanol extract of dried C. sappan heartwood was evaporated (KS-6), and then sequentially extracted by hexane (KS-01), chloroform (KS-02), ethyl acetate (KS-03), n-butanol (KS-04), and water (KS-05). After 48 hr of exposure, these fractions at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased, and reduced cell proliferation in both human normal epithelial and cancer cell lines. The ethyl acetate fraction (KS-03) among organic solvent fractions was 120.2% of the most proliferation activity ($50{\mu}g/ml$) against HaCaT human epithelial cell. However, fractions from chloroform, butanolic and methanolic extract had 7.2, 28.7 and 20.8% of antiproliferative effect on HaCaT cell, respectively. In cell proliferation effects of C. sappan extract on HeLa, SiHa and C33A human cervical cancer cells, chloroform fraction (KS-2) was the most antiproliferative activity, its antiproliferative rate (dosage, $50{\mu}g/ml$) relative to control was 25.8, 12.2 and 17.4% for SiHa, HeLa and C33A, respectively. The results indicated that the six extract fractions could induce cell cycle stimulate or arrest in some way. Finally, further investigation is needed to assess the molecular mechanisms mediated anticancer activities of this plant.