• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.60-63
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we investigated the possibility of replicating patterned media by nano-injection molding process with a metallic nano-stamper. The original nano-master was fabricated by E-beam lithography and ICP etching process. The metallic nano-stamper was fabricated using a nanoimprint lithography and nano-electroforming process. Finally, the nano-patterned substrate was replicated using a nano-injection molding process without additional etching process. The replicated patterns using nano-injection molding process were as small as 50 nm in diameter, 150 nm in pitch, and 50 nm in depth.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2000

PM10, which is below 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in a diameter, has a high deposition in the lung or the bronchus by breathing and is generally composed of a lot of organic matters, viruses, algae, mold, and metallic elements that are very toxic to people. This study identified the characteristics of concentration of PM10 and air-borne jmetallic elements produced in the industrial city, Ulsan, and analyzed the correlatuion between sources and generation patterns of PM10 and metallic elements. We classified the five areas(green, residential, heavy traffic, mechanic, and petrochemcal and non-ferrous metal) which might have different characteristics of sources of PM10 and metallic elements. The average concentrations of PM10 in the five areas were as follows(petrochemical and non-ferrous metal(99.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>mechanic(77.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>heavy traffic(47.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>residential(39.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>green(32.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)). Those of petrochemical and non-ferrous metal areas were higher than other areas. In this study, the average concentration trend of metallic elements contained in PM10 are shown as follows: Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu>Mn>Cr>As>Cd>Sn>Hg, respectively. The metallic elements identified in PM10 showed the highest concentration in the petrochemical and non-ferrous areas. Metal combinations showed that a high correlation among concentrations of heavy metals were as follows: As, Cd and Fe in the residential area; Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb in the mechanical area; and Zn, Cu, As, Pb in the petrochemical and non-ferrous industrial area.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제26권8호
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2009

Fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) metallic mold for multi-production of a microstructure was studied to settle the problem of long processing time in 3D microfabrication. To date, complicated 3D microstructures including 3D photonic crystals, 3D microlens array, 3D filter for microfludics, and something else were created successfully using the two-photon polymerization (TPP) which was considered as paving the way to fabricate a real 3D shape in nano/microscale. However, for those fabrications, much processing time and efforts were inevitably required. To solve this issue, a simple and effective way was proposed in this paper; 3D master patterns were prepared using TPP, and then counter-shaped Ni molds were fabricated by electroforming process. By using these molds, 3D microstructures can be reproduced with short-processing time and low-effort comparing to the conventional approach, TPP We report some parameters to fabricate a metallic mold precisely.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2008

The multi-films of a metallic film and a transparent conducting oxide (TCO, indium-tin oxide, ITO) film were formed on the stainless steel 316 and 304 plates by a sputtering method and an E-beam method and then the external metallic region of the stainless steel bipolar plates was converted into the metal nitride films through an annealing process. The multi-film formed on the stainless steel bipolar plates showed the XRD patterns of the typical indium-tin oxide, the metallic phase and the metal substrate and the external nitride film. The XRD pattern of the thin film on the bipolar plates modified showed two metal nitride phases of CrN and $Cr_2N$ compound. Surface microstructural morphology of the multi-film deposited bipolar plates was observed by AFM and FE-SEM. The metal nitride film formed on the stainless steel bipolar plates represented a microstructural morphology of fine columnar grains with 10 nm diameter and 60nm length in FE-SEM images. The electrical resistivity of the stainless steel bipolar plates modified was evaluated.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.646-648
• /
• 2008

The multi-films of a metallic film and a transparent conducting oxide (TCO, indium-tin oxide, ITO) film were formed on the stainless steel 316 and 304 plates by a sputtering method and an E-beam method and then the external metallic region of the stainless steel bipolar plates was converted into the metal nitride films through an annealing process. The multi-film formed on the stainless steel bipolar plates showed the XRD patterns of the typical indium-tin oxide, the metallic phase and the metal substrate and the external nitride film. The XRD pattern of the thin film on the bipolar plates modified showed two metal nitride phases of CrN and $Cr_2N$ compound. Surface microstructural morphology of the multi-film deposited bipolar plates was observed by AFM and FE-SEM. The electrical resistivity of the stainless steel bipolar plates modified was evaluated.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2018

We propose a novel bi-focal metallic Fresnel zone plate (MFZP) with shallow depth-of-field (DOF) characteristics. We design the specific annular slit patterns, exploiting the phase-selection-rule method along with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, which we have recently proposed. We numerically investigate the novel characteristics of the bi-focal MFZP in comparison with those of another bi-focal MFZP having equivalent functionality but designed by the conventional multi-zone method. We verify that whilst both bi-focal MFZPs can produce dual focal spots at $15{\mu}m$ and $25{\mu}m$ away from the MFZP plane, the former exhibits characteristics superior to those of the latter from the viewpoint of axial resolution, including the axial side lobe suppression and axial DOF shallowness. We expect the proposed bi-focal MFZP can readily be fabricated with electron-beam evaporation and focused-ion-beam processes and further be exploited for various applications, such as laser micro-machining, optical trapping, biochemical sensing, confocal sensing, etc.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2000

One of perspective direction of microfabrication is direct laser writing technology that allows to create metal, semiconductive and dielectric micropatterns on substrate surface. In this work, a two step method, the combination of seed forming process, in which metallic Al seed was selectively generated on AlN ceramic substrate by direct writing technique using a pulsed Nd : YAG laser and subsequent electroless Ni plating on the activated Al seed, was presented. The effects of laser parameters such as pulse energy, scanning speed and pulse frequency on shape of Alseed and conductor line after electroless Ni plating were investigated. The nature of the laser activated surface is analyzed from XPS data. The line width of this metallic Al and Ni is analyzed using SEM. As a results, Al seed line with 24㎛ width and 100㎛ isolated line space is obtained. Finally, laser direct writing can be applied in the field between thin and thick film technique in electronic industry.

• Current Applied Physics
• /
• 제18권11호
• /
• pp.1235-1239
• /
• 2018

We present a novel process to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) metallic patterns from 3D printed polymeric structures utilizing different hygroscopic swelling behavior of two different polymeric materials. 3D patterns are printed with two different polymers as cube shape. The surface of the 3D printed polymeric structures is plated with nickel by an electroless plating method. The nickel patterns on the surface of the 3D printed cube shape structure are formed by removing sacrificial layers using the difference in the rate of hygroscopic swelling between two printing polymer materials. The hygroscopic behavior on the interfaced structure was modeled with COMSOL Multiphysics. The surface and electrical properties of the fabricated three-dimensional patterns were analyzed and characterized.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.309-322
• /
• 1990

지난 20년간(年間) 한국경제(韓國經濟)의 지속적(持續的)인 산업발전(産業發展)은 광물자원(鑛物資源)의 대량소비시대(大量消費時代)를 이룩하였다. 그러나 이와 같은 소비(消費)의 급성장(急成長)은 대부분(大部分) 외국(外國)으로부터의 수입(輸入)에 의존(依存)하였다· 한국(韓國)에서는 330여(余) 광종(鑛種)이 알려져왔으며, 그중에서 50여종(種)이 산업원료(産業原料) 광물자원(鑛物資源)으로 이용(利用)되고 있다. 1988년(年) 연료광물자원(燃料鑛物資源)을 제외(除外)한 전체(全體) 금속(金屬) 비금속(非金屬) 원료광물자원(原料鑛物資源)의 국내(國內) 자급도(自給度)는 29% 였고, 26종(種)의 비금속(非金屬) 광물(鑛物)은 그 자급도(自給度)가 66%로 비교적(比較的) 높은 편이나, 18종(種)의 금속광물(金屬鑛物)의 경우는 그 자급도(自給度)가 6.3%에 불과한 실정(實情)이다. 1970년대(年代) 이후(以后) 우리나라의 경제발전(經濟發展) 단계에서 국민총생산량(國民總生産量)과 광물소비(鑛物消費)와의 관계는 아주 완만한 변화양상(變化樣狀)을 보이고 있다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2002

Fashion has been analyzed and explained in diverse ways. Fashion, like every phase of culture, is a reflection of the Zeitgeist. In order to understand the changing fashion we must understand the changing society. For fashion of a period are expressions of the interrelation of the various elements of the culture, including the social and political values, the economic and industrial progress, art, the development of technology, etc... Particularly fashion is closely connected with a style of art. In a style of art, futurism focused on the "dynamism" resulting from super-speed and high-technology. This study aimed to review literatures, fashion magazines, web-site in order to know how the dynamism of futurism is expressed in modern fashion. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Dynamism was expressed by means of lines, colors, patterns through the eyesights visually. Asymmetrical oblique lines, zig-zag lines or bold cutting expressed the mechanical and offensive dynamism. In contrast, such lines as curves and spirals expressed the soft and natural dynamism. Primary colors or complementary contrast expressed energetic and rhythmical dynamism. The geometrical patterns and automobile wheels patterns expressed dynamism resulting from mechanical aesthetics. 2. Dynamism was expressed through repeat of lines, colors, patterns, and textiles. Particularly Vinyl material, fluorescent material, metallic material, beads, and spangle expressed a strong dynamism. On the other hand, natural materials, paper and other similar ones are used to signify the orientation towards a futuristic high-technology society.y society.