• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1995

A new method for preparation of thin nickel foam for Ni-MH battery was investigated. In this method, fine graphite powders of $1\mu\textrm{m}$～$2\mu\textrm{m}$ diameter were pasted into pores of thin polyurethane foam film in order to supply electric conducting seeds for nickel deposition by electroless plating reaction. After electroless plating, remaining polyurethane foam was removed chemically by organic solvent treatment and graphite particles also removed by ultrasonic cleaning. Porosity of formed nickel foam was about 85% During electroplating, porosity of the nickel foam decreased less than 5% up to $30\mu\textrm{m}$ coating thickness. And then it was electroplated and heat-treated to improve mechanical strength and ductility. Finally, thin nickel foam for Ni electrode of Ni-MH battery with 80% porosity and $350\mu\textrm{m}$～X$400\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness was obtained.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

Ni-Cr-Al metal-foam-supported catalysts for steam methane reforming (SMR) are manufactured by applying a catalytic Ni/Al₂O₃ sol-gel coating to powder alloyed metallic foam. The structure, microstructure, mechanical stability, and hydrogen yield efficiency of the obtained catalysts are evaluated. The structural and microstructural characteristics show that the catalyst is well coated on the open-pore Ni-Cr-Al foam without cracks or spallation. The measured compressive yield strengths are 2-3 MPa at room temperature and 1.5-2.2 MPa at 750℃ regardless of sample size. The specimens exhibit a weight loss of up to 9-10% at elevated temperature owing to the spallation of the Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst. However, the metal-foam-supported catalyst appears to have higher mechanical stability than ceramic pellet catalysts. In SMR simulations tests, a methane conversion ratio of up to 96% is obtained with a high hydrogen yield efficiency of 82%.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.627-634
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 탄소폼 흡착소재를 이용하여 산업도금폐수로부터 중금속을 흡착 제거한 후 탈착용액을 이용하여 제거된 중금속을 용출하고 회수하는 과정의 특성을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 용액의 조성에 따른 복합 중금속의 탈착 특성을 살펴본 결과 증류수 조건에서는 용출이 관측되지 않았으며, 탈착용액으로 HCl과 $H_2SO_4 $를 이용한 경우 높은 중금속 농도를 나타내었다. 탈착 용액을 이용함과 더불어 물리적 기술인 초음파 처리를 이용한 경우 중금속의 용출이 증진되는 것을 확인하였으며, 초음파 장치의 출력이 높고 반응 시간이 길수록 효율도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 탄소폼 흡착소재를 구리도금 세척수 처리에 적용시켜본 결과 200 반응기부피(Bed volume) 동안 안정적인 제거 성능을 나타내었으며, 흡착된 구리는 탈착용액을 이용하여 용출시킨 후 직류 전원 장치를 이용하여 회수할 수 있었다. 또한 구리가 회수된 탈착용액은 재이용 효율은 84.2%로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.971-977
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• 2015

발포금속은 우수한 물리적 특성과 역학적 성능 때문에 많은 첨단기술 분야에 널리 사용되고 있다. 폐쇄형 알루미늄 폼은 발포금속 중에 하나이며, 우수한 충격에너지 흡수하는 성능 때문에 자동차와 항공기에 많이 쓰이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐쇄형 알루미늄 폼의 충격 실험을 통해 두께에 따른 기계적 특성을 분석하였으며, 검증으로 시뮬레이션 해석을 하였다. 시뮬레이션 해석 방법으로서는 ANSYS 를 이용하여 실험과 똑 같은 경계조건으로 유한요소해석을 진행하였다. 실험과 해석의 결과들을 비교해보면 10mm, 20mm, 30mm 인 경우에 20mm 인 경우는 제일 효율적인 것으로 사료된다. 20mm 의 경우가 시험편의 두께에 비하여 세가지 모델들의 경우에 있어 충격 에너지의 흡수가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과들을 이용하면, 알루미늄 폼으로 된 기계 구조물의 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.314-319
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• 2011

Melt foaming method is one of cost-effective methods to make metal foam and it has been successfully applied to fabricate Mg foams. In this research, AZ31 Mg alloy ingot was used as a metal matrix, using AlCa granular as thickening agent and $CaCO_3$ powder as foaming agent, AZ31 Mg alloy foams were fabricated by melt-foaming method at different foaming temperatures. The porosity was above 41.2%~73.3%, pore size was between 0.38~1.52 mm, and homogenous pore structures were obtained. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ31 Mg alloy foams were investigated by optical microscopy, SEM and UTM. The results showed that pore structure and pore distribution were much better than those fabricated at lower temperatures. The compression behavior of the AZ31 Mg alloy foam behaved as typical porous materials. As the foaming temperature increased from $660^{\circ}C$ to $750^{\circ}C$, the compressed strength also increased. The AZ31 Mg alloy foam with a foaming temperature of $720^{\circ}C$ had the best energy absorption. The energy absorption value of Mg foam was 15.52 $MJ/m^3$ at a densification strain of 52%. Furthermore, the high energy absorption efficiencies of the AZ31 Mg alloy foam kept at about 0.85 in the plastic plateau region, which indicates that composite foam possess a high energy absorption characteristic, and the Vickers hardness of AZ31 Mg alloy foam decreased as the foaming temperature increased.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2014년도 제49회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.347-348
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• 2014

After-treatment system for gasoline direct injection engines should be considered due to the regulation standard for particle number emitted from spark ignition engine vehicles. A metal foam particulate filter, which is thought to be more proper for gasoline engines for its unique filtration and heat resistance characteristics, has been evaluated via engine dynamometer tests.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Onboard fire extinguishing system is important to protect cargo and human lives and every oil tanker has foam type fire extinguishing system. Because of environmental problem, agent which contains materials such as Perfluorinated compounds are regulated and the development of the environmental friendly agent is required. The protein foam has less environmental pollution problem and has an excellent fire extinguish performance to oil fire. In the research, bivalency metal salts were added as stabilizer to increase fire resistance and stability of the foam. Ferrous sulfate, Iron chloride and Nickel chloride were used and to adjust to vessel, sea water was applied. As a stabilizer increased, the expansion ratio was raised. However 25% drainage time was decreased over 2.0 wt.% which is knowable that the foam brokes easily. The amount of generated foam was measured to check fluidity of foam and it appeared that when $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, the amount of generated foam reached large and also the 25% drainage time was high. To evaluate the fire extinguishing performance for oil fire, the small scale oil fire test was executed. When $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, fire extinguishing time was in its shortest which informs fluidity of foam and stability are important factors on fire extinguishing efficiency.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.266-270
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• 2014

Metal foams have a cellular structure consisting of a solid metal containing a large volume fraction of pores. In particular, open, penetrating pores are necessary for industrial applications such as in high temperature filters and as a support for catalysts. In this study, Fe foam with above 90% porosity and 2 millimeter pore size was successfully fabricated by a slurry coating process and the pore properties were characterized. The Fe and $Fe_2O_3$ powder mixing ratios were controlled to produce Fe foams with different pore size and porosity. First, the slurry was prepared by uniform mixing with powders, distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA). After slurry coating on the polyurethane(PU) foam, the sample was dried at $80^{\circ}C$. The PVA and PU foams were then removed by heating at $700^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. The debinded samples were subsequently sintered at $1250^{\circ}C$ with a holding time of 3 hours under hydrogen atmosphere. The three dimensional geometries of the obtained Fe foams with an open cell structure were investigated using X-ray micro CT(computed tomography) as well as the pore morphology, size and phase. The coated amount of slurry on the PU foam were increased with $Fe_2O_3$ mixing powder ratio but the shrinkage and porosity of Fe foams were decreased with $Fe_2O_3$ mixing powder ratio.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2017

메탈폼은 매우 많은 기공을 포함하는 세포상 구조를 갖는 고체금속을 일컫는다. 특히 관통 기공 같은 개기공들은 고온용 필터 및 촉매 지지체 등으로 산업적으로 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 슬러리 코팅공정으로 90% 이상의 기공율과 2 mm 이상의 기공크기를 갖는 Fe 폼을 제조하였다. 이때 Fe 분말과 $Fe_2O_3$ 분말의 혼합비를 달리하여 기공율과 기공크기를 제어하였다. 이를 위해 우선 분말, 증류수 및 폴리비닐알콜(PVA)를 균일하게 혼합하여 슬러리를 제조하였다. $Fe_2O_3$ 분말의 혼합 비율이 증가할수록 PU 폼에 코팅된 슬러리의 양이 증가한 반면 Fe 폼의 수축 및 기공율은 각각 감소하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.289-304
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• 2023

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of porosity on the buckling behavior of thick functionally graded sandwich plate resting on various boundary conditions under different in-plane loads. The formulation is made for a newly developed sandwich plate using a functional gradient material based on a modified power law function of symmetric and asymmetric configuration. Four different porosity distribution are considered and varied in accordance with material propriety variation in the thickness direction of the face sheets of sandwich plate, metal foam also is considered in this study on the second model of sandwich which containing metal foam core and FGM face sheets. New quasi-3D high shear deformation theory is used here for this investigate; the present kinematic model introduces only six variables with stretching effect by adopting a new indeterminate integral variable in the displacement field. The stability equations are obtained by Hamilton's principle then solved by generalized solution. The effect of Pasternak and Winkler elastic foundations also including here. the present model validated with those found in the open literature, then the impact of different parameters: porosities index, foam cells distribution, boundary conditions, elastic foundation, power law index, ratio aspect, side-to-thickness ratio and different in-plane axial loads on the variation of the buckling behavior are demonstrated.