• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1623_1624
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• 2009

The use of arc tubes made of ceramic material further enhanced some of the metal halide lamp’s properties. These properties translate into higher efficacy with better color rendering, stable color through lamp long life. Recently, due to an increase in the application of the ceramic metal-halide lamp, the study for the property etc. according to Ballast's driving scheme and the study for arc tube material, optimization of gas and so on are being proceeded to improve the property of the lamp. Especially, to control ceramic metal-halide lamp, the vigorous study and practical use with respect to Electronic Ballast, which has been improved in the disadvantages of the conventional Magnetic Ballast are made. In this paper, Electrical characteristics and gas insulation destroy time are analyzed by comparing magnetic ballast with electronic ballast.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권12호
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• pp.2238-2243
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• 2008

The use of arc tubes made of ceramic material further enhanced some of the metal halide lamp's properties. These properties translate into higher efficacy with better color rendering, stable color through lamp long life. Recently, due to an increase in the application of the ceramic metal-halide lamp, the study for the property etc. according to Ballast's driving scheme and the study for arc tube material, optimization of gas and so on are being proceeded to improve the property of the lamp. Especially, to control ceramic metal-halide lamp, the vigorous study and practical use with respect to Electronic Ballast, which has been improved in the disadvantages of the conventional Magnetic Ballast are made. In this paper, Electrical, optical and thermal characteristics are analyzed by comparing magnetic ballast with electronic ballast.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.829-831
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• 2003

In the present study, the electroless plating method was applied instead of the sputtering as a formation method of metallic bus electrodes. No additional blackening step is needed in this method since this process provides a metallic seed layer with black color by a single step. The parameters which affects color and morphology of the metallic seed layer in the electroless plating solution were investigated

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.567-567
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• 2013

Surface plasmon resonance is the enhancement of electromagnetic wave caused by oscillation on the metal and dielectric interfaces. Surface plasmons with nanohole arrays provides an enhancedresonance for the specific wavelengths of interests. Asymmetric array of nanoscale structures can enable orientation dependent shift of resonance wavelengths when combined with the control of polarization for incident visible light, thus providing color tunability. Appropriate lattice constants along the direction of polarization in rectangular nanohole arrays can determine the resonance condition generating red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors and potentially be applied to display applications. In ourprevious report, we have optimized the ion beam nanomachining conditions to fabricate the nanostructures on the metal film. We apply the fabrication conditions to make nanoscale hole arrays using 100 nm thick gold layer on the glass substrate with the optimal design of periodicities along x, y, and diagonal directions of a=440 nm, b=520 nm, c=682 nm, and the hole diameter of d=200 nm. Using the reflective light in dark field mode of optical microscope, we can observe different colors. When the polarizer is paralleled along a, b, or c direction, the represented color is changed to R, G, and B, respectively. We further map the color using i1 to correlate the conditions of the nanohole arrays with their characteristic color.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2005

The study has objective in raising value of the gray color as a meaningful color suiting sentiments of modern people by expressing the gray color in various perspective utilizing natural dyes that is natural at the same time having aesthetic color tones. For example, the main ingredient used for coloring black and gray color is the pyrogallol tannin and the gray tone dye can be acquired by combining the tannin with iron. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of Gallapple pyrogallol tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of Gallapple tannin was at around 273 nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of Gallapple tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consist highly of gray tones and showed red tone after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Lightfastness was more on a normal fading. I hope this study opens up possibilities towards presenting gray color expressed from tannin as color with diversity and aesthetic value. In future, comparative study between dye expressed from catechol tannin dye materials will be helpful.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 산화주석(IV) 첨가량을 달리하여 동화유약 시편을 제조하고 발색기구를 분석하기 위하여 분광 분석, 결정상 분석, 미세구조 분석을 실시하여 색상과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 산화주석(VI) 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 동화유약의 붉은색은 사라지고 CIEab 값이 감소하여 무채색으로 발색하였다. 산화주석은 유약층에 고르게 분포하여 Cu nuclei가 성장하여 붉은색으로 발색하는 것을 방해하고 기포 주변의 metal Cu와 반응하여 합금을 형성하였다. 이로 인해 산화주석 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 금속 Cu 피크는 사라지고 미세한 $Cu_2O$ 피크만 남게 된다. 산화주석을 3.79 % 첨가하였을 때는 유약에 붉은색을 내는 $Cu_2O$보다 검정색을 나타내는 CuO와 Cassiterite $SnO_2$가 색상에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권12호
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• pp.2446-2452
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• 2009

A Ceramic Metal-halide lamp is achieved by adding multiple metals to a basic mercury discharge. Because the vapor pressure of most metals is very much lower than mercury itself, metal-halide salts of the desired metals, having higher vapor pressures, are used to introduce the material into the basic discharge. The metal compounds are usually polyatomic iodides, which vaporize and subsequently dissociate as they diffuse into the bulk plasma. Metals with multiple visible transitions are necessary to achieve high photometric efficiency and good color. Compounds of Sc, Dy, Ho, Tm, Ce, Pr, Yb and Nd are commonly used. The maximum visible efficacy of a Ceramic Metal Halide lamp, under the constant of a white light source, is predicted to be about 450lm/W. This is controlled principally by the chemical fill chosen for a particular lamp. Current these lamps achieve 130lm/W and these life time are the maximum 16,000[hr]. So factors of performance lower are necessary to improve lamp performance. In this paper, we analyzed factors of performance lower by accelerated deterioration test. The lamp was operated with short duration turn-on/turn-off procedure to enhance the effect due to electrode sputtering during lamp ignition. The tested lamp that was operated with a longer turn-on/off(20/20 minutes) showed blackening, changed distance between electrodes and lowered color rendering & color temperature by losses of Dy at 421.18nm, I at 511nm, T1 at 535nm and Na at 588nm compared with the new lamp.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 $1,040^{\circ}C$에서 예비소결한 Y-TZP 시편을 크롬 염화물 0.03~0.08 wt%, 테르븀 염화물 0.03~0.07wt%를 함유한 금속염화물 수용액에 3분간 침지하고서 $1,450^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안 소결하였으며, 이를 금속염화물 침투가 Y-TZP 소결체의 색상, 소결밀도, 굴곡강도 및 미세조직의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 지르코니아 예비소결체에 대한 크롬과 테르븀 염화물 침투로 A1, A2 및 A3에 근사한 색조의 재현이 가능하였다. 크롬과 테르븀 염화물을 첨가했을 때 지르코니아의 결정립 크기가 증가하였다. Y-TZP 소결체의 2축 굴곡강도는 크롬과 테르븀 염화물 침투에 의해서 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). X-선 회절 분석결과, 크롬과 테르븀 염화물의 첨가 여부와 함량에 따른 지르코니아 결정상의 차이점은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 크롬과 테르븀 염화물을 사용하여 지르코니아의 색상을 조절할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 착색된 지르코니아의 색상은 Vita shade guide의 색상과 다소 차이가 있었지만 임상에서 이중구조 세라믹 보철물 재작 시 사용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2001

Development of new ceramics and esthetic needs of patients increase the use of all ceramic restorations. Fractured teeth often need metal post and core as foundation for final restoration. When all ceramic restorations are planned, metal post and core may lead to compromised esthetics because of opacity and gray color of metal post and core. Many techniques have been proposed to solve this problem such as application of an opaque porcelain to the metal core or all ceramic post and core. This study was performed to evaluate effect on color of Empress 2 crown according to various post systems. Color was evaluated by the CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ systems and measured by spectrophotometer (Model CM-3500, Minolta, Japan). Specimens were divided into 4 groups as follows Group 1 : gold cast post specimen + Empress 2 crown specimen Group 2 : application of an opaque porcelain to gold cast post specimen + Empress 2 crown specimen Group 3 : cosmopost specimen + Empress 2 crown specimen Group 4 : In-ceram post specimen + Empress 2 crown specimen. The results obtained as follows, 1. $L^*$ Values showed that group 2, 3, 4 were higher than group 1 with significant difference and group 2, 3, 4 were not significantly different. 2. $a^*$ Values and $b^*$ values also showed that group 2. 3, 4 were higher than group 1 with significant difference and group 2, 3, 4 were not significantly different. 3. ${\Delta}E^* ab$ Values showed that ${\Delta}E^* ab$ 3 was the highest value and ${\Delta}E^* ab$ 5 was the lowest value.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

Purpose: To know the transmittance of light when wearing shading goggles and to protect eyes from blue light emitted from dental scanner when using CAD/CAM works or inducing polymerization reactions of dental resin with curing unit and infrared light occurred when melting Dental precious metal and non-precious metal alloys. Methods: By measuring and comparing the average transmittances of blue light, visible light and infrared ight by using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analysis measuring instrument, I compared 3 GREEN Color Goggles worn when casting Dental precious metal and non-precious metal alloys, and compared each of YELLOW, ORANGE Color Goggles worn when using Dental CAD/CAM scanners and Light Curing(LED) the Dental resin. Results: In blue light range, YELLOW Color Goggles are more effective than ORANGE Color Goggles. In infrared light range, No.12 Goggles are more effective than No.10 and No.11 Goggles. Conclusion: When wearing blue light shading goggles to avoid harmful blue light occurred in using dental scanner and curing light, and when wearing infrared light shading goggles to avoid harmful infrared light during casting, to avoid the Side Effects like transmittance rate of blue light and infrared light goggles becomes too high to block appropriate amount of harmful light or too low that causing lower image clarity.