• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제24권12호
• /
• pp.1674-1680
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the effects of glucose, chromium picolinate (CrP), and vitamin C (Vit C) on lipid metabolism in Korean native steers fitted with indwelling catheters. A total of 12 Korean native steers were randomly allocated to the following treatments: 1) normal control diet, 2) same as 1) +250 g of glucose by intravenous (IV) infusion, 3) same as 2)+13.5 g CrP administered orally, and 4) same as 3)+2.52 g Vit C by IV infusion. Glucose, Vit C, and CrP treatments were administered for five days. At days 1 and 3, serum insulin was higher in treated animals than in those fed the control diet (p<0.05). Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in the steers on treatment 2), control+13.5 g CrP, was lower than those on other treatments at 90 min post-infusion on days 1 and 3 (p<0.05). The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR${\gamma}$)2, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut 4) in the longissimus muscle of steers on treatment 2 was higher than those on other treatments. In conclusion, the results suggest that CrP is associated with the regulation of gene expression involved in adipogenesis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.310-316
• /
• 2009

Some environmental chemicals have been shown to cause liver-toxicity as the result of bioaccumulation. Particularly, fungicides have been shown to cause varying degrees of hepatictoxicity and to disrupt steroid hormone homeostasis in in vivo models. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the liver-toxic responses of environmental chemicals-in this case selected fungicides and parasiticides-in order to determine whether or not this agent differentially affected its toxicogenomic activities in hepatic tumor cell lines. To determine the gene expression profiles of 3 fungicides (triadimefon, myclobutanil, vinclozolin) and 1 parasiticide (dibutyl phthalate), we utilized a modified HazChem human array V2. Additionally, in order to observe the differential alterations in its time-dependent activities, we conducted two time (3 hr, 48 hr) exposures to the respective IC20 values of four chemicals. As a result, we analyzed the expression profiles of a total of 1638 genes, and we identified 70 positive significant genes and 144 negative significant genes using four fungicidic and parasiticidic chemicals, using SAM (Significant Analysis of Microarray) methods (q-value<0.5%). These genes were analyzed and identified as being related to apoptosis, stress responses, germ cell development, cofactor metabolism, and lipid metabolism in GO functions and pathways. Additionally, we found 120 genes among those time-dependently differentially expressed genes, using 1-way ANOVA (P-value<0.05). These genes were related to protein metabolism, stress responses, and positive regulation of apoptosis. These data support the conclusion that the four tested chemicals have common toxicogenomic effects and evidence respectively differential expression profiles according to exposure time.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.828-836
• /
• 2008

The biocontrol rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. M18 can produce two kinds of antibiotics, namely pyoluteorin (Plt) and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), and is antagonistic against a number of soilborne phytopathogens. In this study, a luxR-type quorum-sensing regulatory gene, vqsR, was identified and characterized immediately downstream of the Plt gene cluster in strain MI8. A vqsR-inactivated mutant led to a significant decrease in the production of Plt and its biosynthetic gene expression. However, this was restored when introducing the vqsR gene by cloning into the plasmid pME6032 in trans. The vqsR mutation did not exert any obvious influence on the production of PCA and its biosynthetic gene expression and the production of N-acylhomoserine lactones (C4 and C8-HSLs) and their biosynthetic gene rhlI expression. Accordingly, these results introduce VqsR as a regulator of Plt production in Pseudomonas spp., and suggest that the regulatory mechanism of vqsR in strain M18 is distinct from that in P. aeruginosa. In addition, it was demonstrated that vqsR mutation did not have any obvious impact on the expression of Plt-specific ABC transporters and other secondary metabolic global regulators, including GacA, RpoS, and RsmA.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2020

A high-cholesterol diet can reduce male fertility. However, it is not known whether a high-cholesterol diet can regulate the expression of genes involved in sperm maturation and sperm fertilizing ability. Quercetin, a natural product, is known to have cytoprotective effects by regulating lipid metabolism in various cell types. This study aimed to confirm the expression of genes involved in sperm maturation in the testes of mice fed a high-cholesterol diet and to determine whether quercetin can reverse the genetic regulation of cholesterol. Mice were divided into groups fed a normal chow diet and a high-cholesterol diet. Mice fed the high-cholesterol diet were dose-dependently supplemented with quercetin for 6 weeks. Investigations using quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that the high-cholesterol diet alters the expression of genes associated with sperm maturation in the testes of mice, and this was reversed with the supplementation of quercetin. In addition, the high-cholesterol diet regulated the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of mice. Under a high-cholesterol diet, quercetin can improve male fertility by regulating the expression of genes involved in sperm maturation.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.375-380
• /
• 2005

Autonomous ultradian metabolic oscillation (T$\simeq$50 min) was detected in an aerobic chemostat culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A pulse injection of GSH (a reduced form of glutathione) into the culture induced a perturbation in metabolic oscillation, with respiratory inhibition caused by $H_2S$ burst pro-duction. As the production of $H_2S$ in the culture was controlled by different amino acids, we attempted to characterize the effects of GSH on amino acid metabolism, particularly with regard to branched chain and sulfur-containing amino acids. During stable metabolic oscillation, concentrations of intra-cellular glutamate, aspartate, threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and cysteine were observed to oscil-late with the same periods of dissolved $O_2$ oscillation, although the oscillation amplitudes and maximal phases were shown to differ. The methionine concentration was stably maintained at 0.05 mM. When GSH (100 $\mu$M) was injected into the culture, cellular levels of branched chain amino acids increased dramatically with continuous $H_2S$production, whereas the cysteine and methionine concentrations were noticeably reduced. These results indicate that GSH-dependent perturbation occurs as the result of the promotion of branched chain amino acid synthesis and an attenuation of cysteine and methionine synthesis, both of which activate the generation of $H_2S$. In a low sulfate medium containing 2.5 mM sulfate, the GSH injections did not result in perturbations of dissolved $O_2$ NAD(P)H redox oscillations without burst $H_2S$ production. This suggests that GSH-dependent perturbation is intimately linked with the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and $H_2S$ generation, rather than with direct GSH-GSSG redox control.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.297-307
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation, fertilization capacity and subsequent development in porcine oocytes. The oocytes were incubated with 0, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}M$ ALA. Cumulus expansion was measured at 22 h, and gene expresison and nuclear maturation were analyzed at 44 h after maturation. Then, mature oocytes with ALA were inseminated, and fertilization parameters and embryo development were evaluated. In results, both of cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation were increased in $50{\mu}M$ ALA groups compared to control groups (p<0.05). However, expression of gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1, cumulus expansion-related gene), delta-6 desaturase (FADS1, fatty acid metabolism-related gene), and delta-5 desaturase (FADS2) mRNA in cumulus cells were reduced by $50{\mu}M$ ALA treatment (p<0.05). Cleavage rate was enhanced in 25 and $50{\mu}M$ ALA groups (p<0.05), especially, treatment of $50{\mu}M$ ALA promoted early embryo develop to 4 and 8 cell stages (p<0.05). However, blastocyst formation and number of cells in blastocyst were not differ in 25 and $50{\mu}M$ ALA groups. Our findings show that ALA treatment during maturation could improve nuclear maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development through enhancing of cumulus expansion, however, fatty acid metabolism- and cumulus expansion-related genes were down-regulated. Therefore, addition of ALA during IVM of oocytes could improve fertilization and developmental competence, and further studies regarding with the mechanism of ALA metabolism are needed.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권8호
• /
• pp.1309-1320
• /
• 2021

Objective: Investigation of muscle growth at different developmental stages is an appropriate strategy for studying the mechanisms underlying muscle development and differences in phenotypes. In particular, the muscle development mechanisms and the difference between the fastest and slowest growth rates. Methods: In this study, we used a growth curve model to fit the growth inflection point (IP) of QingYu pigs and compared differences in the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptome of muscle both at the growth IP and plateau phase (PP). Results: The growth curve of the QingYu pig had a good fit (R² = 0.974) relative to a typical S-curve and reached the IP at day 177.96. At the PP, marbling, intramuscular fat, and monounsaturated fatty acids had increased significantly and the percentage of lean muscle and polyunsaturated fatty acids had decreased. A total of 1,199 mRNAs and 62 lncRNAs were differentially expressed at the IP compared with the PP. Additional to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses, these differentially expressed protein coding genes were principally related to muscle growth and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, could play roles in muscle growth, fat deposition and regulation of fatty acid composition at the IP and PP.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제61권1호
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 2022

인슐린(insulin)과 insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)은 척추동물에서 대사, 생장, 수명 등의 여러 생리대사를 조절하는 중요한 호르몬이다. 곤충에서도 IGF-1과 구조적으로 유사한 insulin-like peptide (ILP)들이 존재하며 이들이 곤충 생리 조절에 중요하게 관여함이 밝혀졌다. 이번 총설에서 곤충 ILP 및 초파리(Drosophila melanogaster) 유전체 분석을 통해 척추동물에 존재하는 인슐린 및 IGF-1 수용체 신호전달계와 유사하다고 확인된 ILP 수용체 신호전달계에 대해 설명하고자 한다. 추가적으로, 곤충 체내의 영양 상태에 따라 조절되는 뇌에서의 ILP의 합성과 분비, ILP에 의한 대사의 생리적 조절에 대해 논한다. 또한 ILP가 생장, 발달, 생식, 휴면에 기여하는 바도 논의하고, 마지막으로 ILP 수용체 신호전달계 제어를 통한 해충 방제에의 이용 가능성에 대해 제안하고자 한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.94-103
• /
• 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, and there is a global increase in its incidence owing to changes in lifestyle and diet. Recent findings suggest that p53 is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; however, the association between p53 expression and the disease remains unclear. Doxorubicin, an anticancer agent, increases the expression of p53. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of doxorubicin-induced p53 upregulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. HepG2 cells were pretreated with 0.5 ㎍/mL of doxorubicin for 12 h, followed by treatment with FFA (0.5 mM) for 24 h to induce steatosis. Doxorubicin pretreatment upregulated p53 expression and downregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress- and lipid synthesis-associated genes in the FFA -treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, doxorubicin treatment upregulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase, a key modulator of lipid metabolism. Notably, siRNA-targeted p53 knockdown reversed the effects of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. Moreover, doxorubicin treatment suppressed FFA -induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 spheroids. Conclusively, these results suggest that doxorubicin possesses potential application for the regulation of lipid metabolism by enhance the expression of p53 an in vitro NAFLD model.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.28.1-28.20
• /
• 2023

Lipid accumulation in macrophages is a prominent phenomenon observed in atherosclerosis. Previously, intimal foamy macrophages (FM) showed decreased inflammatory gene expression compared to intimal non-foamy macrophages (NFM). Since reprogramming of lipid metabolism in macrophages affects immunological functions, lipid profiling of intimal macrophages appears to be important for understanding the phenotypic changes of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. While lipidomic analysis has been performed in atherosclerotic aortic tissues and cultured macrophages, direct lipid profiling has not been performed in primary aortic macrophages from atherosclerotic aortas. We utilized nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to provide comprehensive lipid profiles of intimal non-foamy and foamy macrophages and adventitial macrophages from Ldlr^-/- mouse aortas. We also analyzed the gene expression of each macrophage type related to lipid metabolism. FM showed increased levels of fatty acids, cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelin. However, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and ceramide levels were decreased in FM compared to those in NFM. Interestingly, FM showed decreased triacylglycerol (TG) levels. Expressions of lipolysis-related genes including Pnpla2 and Lpl were markedly increased but expressions of Lpin2 and Dgat1 related to TG synthesis were decreased in FM. Analysis of transcriptome and lipidome data revealed differences in the regulation of each lipid metabolic pathway in aortic macrophages. These comprehensive lipidomic data could clarify the phenotypes of macrophages in the atherosclerotic aorta.