• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives and methods: We investigated 17 books to study symptoms, pathology and acupuncture & moxibustion treatment of Hu-Ro(fatigue). Results and Conclusions: 1. The symptoms of Hu-Ro are the deafness, the amblyopia, the mass of sweat, the stiff joint, etc. There are also symptoms such as the fever of palm and legs, avoiding cold temperature in the afternoon, the fever during night time, the stomach fullness and diarrhea, the powerlessness of limbs, red colored urine. 3. The representing pathological mechanisms of Hu-Ro are Yang-deficiency(陽虛), Yin-deficiency(陰虛), Energy(Qi)-deficiency(氣虛), Blood(Hyul)-deficiency(血虛). The other pathological mechanisms are deficiency of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney and the basic Energy. 4. The fundamental treatment of Hu-Ro is "warming on worned ones(勞者溫之), supplying on damaged ones(損者益之), strengthening the weakened ones(虛卽補之)" as basis and also supplying blood with fostering spleen(養血建脾) and droping fever with clearing the clogged(降火淸鬱). 5. The meridians that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are the urinary bladder meridian, the conception vessel meridian(任脈), governor channel meridian(督脈), kidney meridian(腎經), liver meridian, heart meridian, spleen meridian, lung meridian, stomach meridian, small intestine meridian, gall bladder meridian, pericardium meridian and triple-warmer meridian in order of frequently refered. 6. The meridian points that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are Joksamni (足三里:25times), Sinsu(腎兪:20回), Bisu(脾兪:19回), Pyesu(肺兪:18回), Qihye(氣海:17回), Gohwang(膏肓:15回), Kwanwon(關元:14回), Sameumgyo(三陰交:13回), Eumgeuk(陰郄:12回), Daechu(大樞:12回), Sinmun(神門:11回), Simsu(心兪:11回), Nyegwan(內關:10回), Jungwan(中脘:10回) in order of frequently refered.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

By studying the portions and layers(分部), left and right, superior and inferior, location of yin and yang, and beginning and end of diseases of skin, which is the core point of the theory of cutaneous region(皮部論) in "Naejing(內經)", in the physiological and pathological perspective, based on opinion of historic memorial doctors, arrived to the conclusion as below. Cutaneous region means not only the distribution of three yin and three yang(三陰三陽) of the surface, but also inside and outside, shallowness and depth, and it is the system which unites meridians, networks, and vessels. It is divided into portions and layers. The origin and beginning of diseases and the rule of favorable pattern and unfavorable pattern can be known through it. The portion of skin is not only the area that meridian vessels belongs to skin, but also the area that activation of twelve meridian vessels are expressed in the surface. The layer of skin is consisted in order of skin-tertiary collateral vessel-collateral vessel-meridian vessel-bone. In "Naejing", there are two preconditions to divide three yin and three yang into yin and yang. The first is standing while looking the south, and second is the quotation "outside is side of yang(外者爲陽 內者爲陰)." According to this preconditions, yang of outside of yang brightness, lesser yang, and greater yang is the whole body, except inside of hand and foot which yin of lesser yin, pericardium, and greater yin. Superior and inferior of the portions and the layers is designated as hand and foot, theological basis of which superior and inferior work in same diagnostic method can be found in the root and the basis(標本) and the origin and the insertion(根結). In conclusion, cutaneous region not only manages layer of the skin, but also it is divided into layers and portions, so it has close relations between meridian vessels and collateral vessels. The in-depth study of cutaneous region and meridians should be progress, in order to practice of diagnosis and acupuncture and moxibustion more.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate acupuncture treatment of alopecia patients by researching literature and to standardize acupuncture treatment. Methods: We extracted the parts about acupuncture treatment of alopecia which are called 'Tal Bal(說髮), 'Ban Dok'(斑禿), 'Tal Mo'(脫毛), 'Bal Rak'(髮洛), 'Wonhyung Talmo'(圓形脫老) from 2 ancient and 49 modern oriental medicine literal sources. We surveyed the frequency and characteristics of the acupoints used for treatment of alopecia, and the acupoint was classified according to its meridian or demonstration. The results of this study were recorded as follows: 1. The most frequently used acupoints were GB20(風紙), GV20(百會), BL13(膈兪), SP6(三陰交), ST36(足三里), BL23(腎兪), SP10(血海), LI11(曲池), in that order. 2. The most frequently used meridians were the urinary bladder meridian (足太湯膀胱經), the Governor Vessel(督豚), the spleen meridian(足少陰脾經), and the gall bladder meridian(足少陰膽經), in that order 3. The most frequently used regions were the head, under the knee, and the back, in that order. 4. The most frequently used Jang organs and Bu organs were the spleen(脾), the stomach(胃), the liver(肝), the gall bladder(擔), the lungs(肺), and the large intestines(大腸), in that order. 5. Common methods of differentiation of alopecia are Hyulyulsaengpung(血熱生風), Gichehyutea(氣滯血瘀), Gihyulyanghea(氣血兩瘀), and Gansinbugok(肝腎不足). Conclusions : For treatment of alopecia, all the patient's symptoms, including alopecia, must taken into consideration and demonstrated.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

Objectives : Recently the case of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid appliment was reported. In this study, anti-inflamation effects and anti-allergy effects were studied by stimulus of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid extracts in HaCaT cells. Methods : The atopic dermatitis were induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ and interferon-${\gamma}$ in HaCaT cells. TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, RANTES/CCL5 and ROS production were investigated to explain anti-inflamation and allergy effects of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid with cell-enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay in 450 nm, 485 nm, 535 nm with spectro-fluorometer. Results : The extracts of lactobacillus mixture culture fluid were decreased TARC/CCL17, MDC/CCL22, RANTES/CCL5 expressions and ROS production with a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions : The effects mechanism of Lactobacillus mixed culture fluid for atopic dermatitis symptoms were considered to be explain anti-inflamation and allergy effects via control of cytokine, chemokine and ROS production, and the fluid could be applied in skin cells directly. But classified AD symptom degrees reported in clinical case before as Reaction Period, Reduction Period, Effect Period, Reproduction Period and Rebound Period could not be explained. Further study will be expected.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.884-892
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• 2005

Seeing through the reference of literatures ${\ll}$Internal Classic${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$ and Master Jisan's theory about Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki, the writer came to conclusions as follows. In ${\ll}$Internal Classic${\gg}$ Ki-Hyul is expressed into being orderly and ordinate, but Hyul-Ki is described differently into making Hyul-Ki or operating Hyul-Ki. In ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$ Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki are not distinguished between two things, but Ki-Hyul is mentioned as harmony of Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki, and Hyul-Ki as ascending and descending or as deficiency and excess. In Hyungsang medicine the special characters of Ki-Hyul is seized the essence of the meanings from the deflection between left and right, changes of skin, flesh, meridian, muscle and bones. And the distinctive marks of Hyul-Ki is got hold from changes of complexion, many or few hairs, ascending or descending spirits of ears, eyes, mouth and nose. Also Ki-Hyul is recognized by laying stress on rise and fall, after birth, breast, upper limbs, eight extra meridians. And Hyul-Ki is recognized by laying stress on going up and down, the inborn constitution, abdomen, lower limbs, and twelve meridians. Jisan distinguished Ki-Hyul from Hyul-Ki theoretically and he applied the theory to clinical examination proved the facts that the theory and the examination are in accord with each other. This attempts was for the first time in Oriental medicine history and the theory was set up. It is thought that the defects of the theory about Ki-Hyul and Hyul-Ki which Jisan insisted on need much more study from now on.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2015

Objectives: Recently lactic acid formulation was known as the adjuvant therapy on atopic dermatitis(AD) symptoms because of little side effects. In this study, it was studied that Lactobacillus mixed culture appliment was effective on not on AD symptoms. Methods: The case-photos 30-40 times of AD symptoms from case were observed with literatures. The case-photos were acquired with environmental AD dermatitis experience program which is conducted in SUNCHANG RESERCH INSTITUTE OF HEALTH AND LONGEVITY from 2014.01 to 2014.08. Experience applicants were limited the oral administration and chemical external administration. Results: Lactobacillus mixed culture appliment was effective because of the mitigation or disappearance of AD primary symptoms like pruritus, erythema, edema, effusion, dry skin, scaly, scab etc. AD symptom degree was dependent on lactobacillus mixed culture appliment times, and classified as Reaction Period (RAP), Reduction Period (RDP), Efection Period (EP), Reproduction Period (RPP) on a single mixed culture appliment time. And AD symptoms which were appeared in RPP were classified as Rebound Period (RBP), Effection Period (EP), Subclinical Period (SCP). Conclusions: Lactobacillus mixed culture appliment is considered to be useful for AD symptoms and is estimated to be effective by different mechanism with oral administration or steroid ointment application. Lactobacillus mixed culture appliment is expected to induce a synergistic effects on AD symptom reliefs with the other oral administration.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture and electro-acupuncture (EA) of low and high frequencies at Haegye (ST41) in rats. Methods: The intestinal motility of rats was experimentally suppressed with loperamide. Acupuncture, low frequency EA and high frequency EA were carried out before the loperamide administration in the pre-treatment group, and after the loperamide administration in the post-treatment group. The rats were fed charcoal and the travel rate of charcoal in the gastrointestinal track was measured to analyze the effect of acupuncture, low frequency EA and high frequency EA on the intestinal hypo-motility. Results: 1. None of acupuncture, low frequency EA or high frequency EA at ST41 showed significant influences on intestinal motility of rats in normal status. 2. Pre-treatment with acupuncture at ST41 showed no significant effect on the intestinal hypo-motility induced by loperamide in rats. 3. Pre-treatment with low frequency EA and high frequency EA at ST41 significantly reduced the suppression of intestinal motility by loperamide in rats. 4. Post-treatment of acupuncture, low frequency EA and high frequency EA at ST41 had no significant influences on the intestinal hypo-motility induced by loperamide in rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that low and high frequency EA at ST41 may be effective to prevent gastric disorders such as intestinal hypo-motility.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2002

Objective : To study of Literature on the Ying Qi and Wei Qi One of thing that is among basis theory of Oriental medicine is Vital Essence, Vitality, Qi and Blood(精神氣血) justly. Results : Physiological special quality of Ying Qi(營氣) first, flows within Blood Circulation and the temper is mild and second, transform blood and grow up whole body, and follow through Pectoral Qi(宗氣). Wei Qi(衛氣) means running regeneration of material that do guard action of human body as refined nutritious substances transformed in food. Physiological special quality of Wei Qi(衛氣) first, nature is fast, smooth, and sharp. And it flows outside Blood Circulation. Second, go on muscslar gap without following through Pectoral Qi(宗氣). Ying blood(營血) flows within Blood Circulation means living body ingredient which thing reveals by circulation of the blood change phenomenon. Ying Qi(營氣) is Ying(營) in meaning which go on meridians, therefore meridians as wandering living body reaction route mean. This Ying Qi(營氣)'s physiology transform blood and grows up whole body and flows within Blood Circulation. It becomes most important ingredient of composition of blood, Wei Qi(衛氣) transforms and becomes nutrition constantly by running regeneration of material which transform in Jungcho(中焦) and spread by spreading action of upper chest exhaust in lower belly above the blader of apriority, Kidney-yang.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2012

The strength theory of concrete is significant to structure design and nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete structures because concrete utilized in engineering is usually subject to the action of multi-axial stress. Experimental results have revealed that lightweight aggregate (LWA) concrete exhibits plastic flow plateau under high compressive stress and most of the lightweight aggregates are crushed at this stage. For the purpose of safety, therefore, in the practical application the strength of LWA concrete at the plastic flow plateau stage should be regarded as the ultimate strength under multi-axial compressive stress state. With consideration of the strength criterion, the ultimate strength surface of LWA concrete under multi-axial stress intersects with the hydrostatic stress axis at two different points, which is completely different from that of the normal weight concrete as that the ultimate strength surface is open-ended. As a result, the strength criteria aimed at normal weight concrete do not fit LWA concrete. In the present paper, a multi-axial strength criterion for LWA concrete is proposed based on the Unified Twin-Shear Strength (UTSS) theory developed by Prof Yu (Yu et al. 1992), which takes into account the above strength characteristics of LWA under high compressive stress level. In this strength criterion model, the tensile and compressive meridians as well as the ultimate strength envelopes in deviatoric plane under different hydrostatic stress are established just in terms of a few characteristic stress states, i.e., the uniaxial tensile strength $f_t$, the uniaxial compressive strength $f_c$, and the equibiaxial compressive $f_{bc}$. The developed model was confirmed to agree well with experimental data under different stress ratios of LWA concrete.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2005

Objective : <千金方(Qianjinfang)> which documents a great amount of prescription of Acupuncture and moxibustion takes an important role during the development of acupuncture and moxibustion. Thus, it have given rise us to the research-situation of Tang Dynasty China of previous period. This study was to outline the rules of choosing acupoints as well as the prescriptions of contemporary times in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, and to discuss the conception of acupuncture and moxibustion in <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Method : Based on <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, the parameters were categorized to a certain scope, syndromes in different type were classified. Also numbers of acupoints, route of meridians locations, utilities of special acupoints even prescription methods were statistically analyzed in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Results & Conclusion : Acupuncture prescription in <千金方(Qianjinfang)> was mostly presented by single acupoint and this was basic prescription of its rule of choosing acupoints. Choosing acupoint for the majority of various diseases started from choosing meridians with the disorder, but no rules for choosing acupoints was clear. There was basically various methods in choosing acupoints, but little were used by Biao-li meridian choosing method (表裏經配穴). In the high frequency of use, wu-shu acupoints was higher used than other specific acupoints (特定穴). While wu-shu acupoints treated the major parts of the diseases, shu-mo acupoints were strictly used on system. Consequently, The theoretical basis originating the choosing rules of the acupoints and prescriptions was shown in <手金方(Qianjinfang)> as representative clinical reference, through which it was valuable to analyze the prescription rule and specificity of the acupoints.