• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.507-517
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• 2015

The bark of Magnolia officinalis has been used in traditional oriental medicine to treat a variety of mental disorders including anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of M. officinalis ethanol extract on stress-induced alterations in learning and cognitive function using a passive avoidance test (PAT) and also on anxiety-related behavior using the elevated plus-maze test (EPM) in female rats . The degree of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the region of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC) was measured using an immunohistochemical method. Corticosterone concentrations in serum were also measured. The ethanol extract from Magnolia officinalis was orally administered to female rats 30 minutes before evaluating their immobilization stress and anxiety-related behavior using an elevated plus-maze test and a passive avoidance test. Time spent in the open arms of the EPM increased in the M. officinalis-treated group compared with that of the saline-treated control group. In the passive avoidance test, the memory and cognitive function improved in the M. officinalis extract-treated group. M. officinalis extracts reduced elevated corticosterone concentrations in serum. Also, stress-induced TH increases were suppressed in the M. officinalis extract-treated group in the LC and the VTA region. These results suggest that M. officinalis might prove to be an effective anxiolytic anti-stress agent.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자에게 적용된 조기 인지훈련과 맞춤형 전화코칭 프로그램의 효과를 확인하기 위함이다. 연구 대상 총 28명은 실험군(n=15)과 대조군(n=13)에 배정되었다. 실험군에게만 4주간의 인지 훈련과 11회기 맞춤형 전화코칭이 제공되었다. 프로그램의 효과는 우울, 간이정신상태검사, 신경심리검사, 일상생활수행능력에 관한 도구를 이용하여 총 4회(사전, 4주째, 8주째, 12개월째) 측청하였다. 반복측정 분산분석법을 통한 자료 분석 결과 실험군은 대조군에 비해 간이 정신상태검사, 언어기억력 및 집행기능의 유의미한 향상이 나타났다. 특히 일상생활수행과 관련성이 깊은 집행기능의 향상은 괄목할 만한 결과였다. 이는 뇌졸중 후 인지기능의 회복과 독립적인 일상생활을 위해 조기 개입이 매우 중요하며 중·장기적 효과를 위해 주기적인 전화코칭이 함께 이루어져야 함을 시사한다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between symptom severity and neurocognitive factors in traumatic head injury patients. In addition, the effect of frontal lobe damage on these parameters was examined. Methods : We selected 18 patients who had brain damage for the moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) group, and 17 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) without the finding of brain damage for the comparison group. For the evaluation of neurocognitive function, K-WAIS, Rey-Kim Memory Test, K-FENT, WCST, and MMPI-2 were used. Results : The results of the comparison (using the malingering scale) revealed that the values of PDS and PK, which express the severity of symptoms, and the values of the validity scale F, F (B), and F (P) were significantly higher in the overly-expressed group. F (B) in overly-expressed group and PK, Pt, and Sc in the properly-expressed group had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. F (B), S, and Stroop error inhibition in PTSD, and PK, Pt, Sc, and MQ in MSTBI had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. The results of the comparison based on the finding of frontal lobe damage revealed that PDS, EIQ, and MQ ware significantly higher in the group without brain damage. Conclusions : It was revealed that each neurocognitive factor was correlated with the severity of symptoms. There was a decrease in complaints or symptoms reported by the frontal lobe injury group, and this is believed to be due to degenerative change in the personality and emotional functioning of these patients following frontal lobe damage.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.492-500
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• 2018

본 연구는 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 경도인지장애 노인에게 적용하여 인지기능, 균형과 뇌파에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 중재한 실험군 집단과 전통적인 작업치료를 중재한 대조군 집단은 1회 30분, 1주일 5회, 총 6주에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 시행한 실험군이 전통적인 작업치료를 시행한 대조군에 비해 인지기능 중 기억력 항목과 균형 항목에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 둘째, 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램을 시행한 실험군이 전통적인 작업치료를 시행한 대조군에 비해 ${\beta}$파와 SMR파의 세기가 유의하게 증가하였다. 결과를 종합해보면, 이중과제 병합 가상현실 프로그램이 경도인지장애 노인에게 효과적인 치료방법이었고, 다양한 질환을 겪고 있는 대상자들에게 도움이 되는 기초 자료의 초석이 되기를 바란다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of landscape details in representing symbolic images in memorials on the themes of war, tragedy, and the democratization movement. In considering the characteristics of memorial landscapes, the researcher divided the characteristics of landscape details into 3 analysis categories. They are the symbolic application of landscape elements, the embodiment of landscape details, and the organization of landscape details to represent symbolic images, for example, memory, mourning, reflection, healing, glory, and identity. Among details in 24 memorials designed in or after 1970. 133 symbolic details were selected including 64 items in Korea. The analysis revealed that among 30 elements used by designers for memorialization, walls, ponds, sculptures were used more often than other elements in representing the meaning of mourning, reflection, and healing that are the basic function of memorial. In regard to detail form, the designers used basic shapes like circles, squares and rectangles, horizontal and vertical lines to heighten the symbolic effect of shapes in confined form. Stone and water utilized from nature were also used as main materials because of their materiality meaning of death, eternity, life, and healing. The techniques of using lighting, fire, and sound were introduced to make details more effective. Details were organized in harmony and repetition to represent the flew of time and space in symbolic images. The study identified the following characteristics of memorial landscapes in Korea that were different from other country first, in designing memorials, most designers in Korea have been more focused on the organization of space than the details in memorials, and so, they have been neglecting to deliver symbolic image through detail design, while depending mainly on the introduction of art works. Lastly, because they introduced traditional elements which have little relation with the symbolic image needed, there have been many details which inaccurately represent symbolic meanings.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2020

The protective effect of pig skin gelatin water extracts (PSW) and the low molecular weight hydrolysates of PSW generated via enzymatic hydrolysis with Flavourzyme® 1000L (LPSW) against scopolamine-induced impairment of cognitive function in mice was determined. Seventy male ICR mice weighing 20-25 g were randomly assigned to seven groups: Control (CON); scopolamine (SCO, 1 mg/kg B.W., intraperitoneally (i.p.); tetrahydroaminoacridine 10 [THA 10, tacrine; 10 mg/kg B.W. per oral (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.)]; PSW 10 (10 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); PSW 40 (40 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); LPSW 100 (100 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.); LPSW 400 (400 mg/kg B.W. (p.o.) with SCO (i.p.). All treatment groups, except CON, received scopolamine on the day of the experiment. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of LPSW 400 at 1 mg/mL was 154.14 μM Trolox equivalent. Administration of PSW and LPSW for 15 weeks did not significantly affect on physical performance of mice. LPSW 400 significantly increased spontaneous alternation, reaching the level observed for THA and CON. The latency time of animals receiving LPSW 400 was higher than that of mice treated with SCO alone in the passive avoidance test, whereas it was shorter in the water maze test. LPSW 400 increased acetylcholine (ACh) content and decreased ACh esterase activity (p<0.05). LPSW 100 and LPSW 400 reduced monoamine oxidase-B activity. These results indicated that LPSW at 400 mg/kg B.W. is a potentially strong antioxidant and contains novel components for the functional food industry.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.637-642
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• 2004

본 연구는 탈지 참깨 및 탈지 들깨의 메탄올추출물이 기억과 학습능력 감퇴의 특성을 가지고 있는 노화촉진마우스 SAMP8의 인지기능 및 항산화체계에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 각 추출물 0.3% 첨가 식이로 3개월간 섭취시킨 후 passive avoidance test로 인지기능변화를 측정하였고, 뇌중 acetylcholinesterase 활성, 지질과산화물 및 항산화효소활성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 탈지 참깨 및 탈지 들깨의 메탄올 추출물이 노화촉진으로 감소한 step through latency가 증가하였으나, 혈액과 뇌조직의 anetylcholinesterase 활성에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 체내 지질 과산화물은 SAMP8 대조군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나, 탈지 참깨와 탈지 들깨의 메탄올 추출물을 첨가함으로써 유의하게 감소하였으며, SOD와 GPx의 활성은 증가하였다. 따라서 탈지 참깨와 탈지 들깨의 메탄올 추출물은 노화촉진마우스의 인지 기능을 개선시키며, 이는 cholinergic 신경전달체계의 변화보다는 체내 지질 과산화물 억제 및 항산화효소 활성을 통한 메카니즘으로 생각된다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.488-490
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 급격한 스위칭 특성을 달성하기 위해 싱글단일-게이트 실리콘 채널에서 전하 캐리어의 양의 피드백을 이용하는 새롭게 설계된 피드백 전계 효과 트랜지스터를 제안한다. 에너지 밴드 다이어그램, I-V 특성, 문턱전압 기울기 및 on/off 전류 비는 TCAD 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 분석한다. 피드백 전계 효과 트랜지스터의 중요한 특징 중 하나인 히스테리시스의 특성을 보기 위해 게이트 절연막 물질과 게이트 전극물질을 변경하여 시뮬레이션을 진행했다. 이러한 특성변화는 피드백 전계효과 트랜지스터의 문턱전압 ($V_{TH}$)을 변화시켰고, 메모리 윈도우 폭이 작아지는 현상을 보였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2011

본 연구는 흰쥐 해마에서 c-fos, c-jun 발현에 수영운동이 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 실험 대상은 생후 4주 흰쥐(4-weeks aged rat)와 생후 4개월 흰쥐(16-weeks aged rat)를 사용하였다. 두 집단 모두 대조군, 실험군으로 분류하였으며, 수영 운동은 1일 1시간 하였으며 1, 3, 7일 실시한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. c-fos, c-jun 단백질 발현에 있어서 두 실험군 모두 운동 1, 3, 7일에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 7일이 가장 많이 증가하였고 3일, 1일 순으로 증가 하였다. 두 실험군을 비교했을 때 생후 4주 그룹이 4개월 그룹보다 더 많은 c-fos, c-jun 단백질 발현을 보여 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 따라서 수영 운동이 해마에서 c-fos, c-jun 단백질 발현을 증가시키는 것으로 나타나 운동의 효과가 있는 것으로 보이며, 수영 운동에 의한 초기발현 유전자의 활성화로 인하여 학습 및 기억과 같은 인식 기능을 예방 및 개선시키며 신경성장 및 회복에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 보인다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2007

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive loss of cognitive function and memory. Amyloid beta peptide ($A{\beta}$) is the major component of senile plaques and is known to exert its cytotoxic effect mainly by producing $H_2O_2$. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain of AD patients, and $H_2O_2$ is one of the factors that induce VEGF. Therefore, we tested whether $A{\beta}$ might be responsible for the increased VEGF synthesis. We found that $A{\beta}$ induced the production of $H_2O_2$ in vitro. Comparison of the amount of $H_2O_2$ required to induce VEGF synthesis in HN33 cells and the amount of $H_2O_2$ produced by $10{\mu}M\;A{\beta}_{1-42}$ in vitro suggested that a toxic concentration of $A{\beta}$ might induce VEGF synthesis in these cells. However, toxic concentrations of $A{\beta}$ failed to induce VEGF synthesis in several cell systems. They also had no effect on antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and peroxiredoxin in HN33 cells. $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ are known to accumulate in the brains of AD patients and promote aggregation of $A{\beta}$, and $Cu^{2+}$ by itself induces synthesis of VEGF. However, there was no synergistic effect between $Cu^{2+}$ and $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ in the induction of VEGF synthesis and $Zn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ also had no effect on the synthesis of VEGF, alone or in combination with $A{\beta}$.