• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

본 연구는 산기관(diffuser) 형태로 운전되는 중공사막 생물반응기(Hollow Fiber Membrane Diffuser) 시스템을 복합오염물질(benzene, toluene, p-xylene, BTX)처리에 적용해 보고, 생물반응기에 의한 각 물질의 생분해 특성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우선 toluene을 단일오염물질로 적용한 예비 실험기간 동안에 75%수준의 안정적인 처리 효율을 확인할 수 있었다. 이후 BTX 복합오염물질을 적용한 본 실험기간 동안에도 별도의 적응기간 및 악영향 없이 70%수준의 처리효율을 얻어낼 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 toluene분해 미생물의 benzene, p-xylene의 분해 능력을 확인하였으며, toluene의 경우 복합오염물질 적용 시 다른 두 물질에 의해 소폭의 분해 저해가 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 분해능 실험에서 측정한 생물반응기의 BTX 분해능은 약 360 $g/m^3/hr$이었으며, 이는 기존의 생물여과공법에 제시된 최대분해능보다 높은 우수한 분해능이었다. 따라서 산기관 형태의 중공사막 생물반응기는 복합오염물질 처리에도 안정적인 운전특성을 나타내었으며, 기존의 VOCs 저감기술을 대체할 수 있는 친환경적인 기술이라고 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 고분자 중공사막 모듈을 산기 도구로 사용하여 미세 기포 발생을 도모하였고 영상정보를 기반으로 하는 이미지 분석 기법을 적용하여 발생한 기포 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 기포의 이미지 분석 결과, 고분자 중공사막 모듈을 통해 수중에 분사된 기포는 산기석을 통한 기포보다 약 30~64% 작은 크기로 발생되는 것을 관찰하였고, 기포의 70% 이상이 0.2~0.82 mm 범위에 분포된 반면, 산기석의 경우는 0.77~1.08 mm의 범위에 속한 기포가 80% 이상이었다. 산기석과 고분자 중공사막모듈을 각각 기포발생 장치로 사용한 부상조를 운영하였을 때 반응조에 잔존하는 플록의 크기는 산기석을 이용했을 때가 고분자 중공사막 모듈의 경우보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고분자 중공사막 모듈에 의해 발생한 미세기포가 충돌 효율의 증가 때문에 크기가 작은 콜로이드 입자들까지 응집/부상할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였기 때문이다. 따라서 부상공정에 고분자 중공사막모듈을 산기장치로 활용하였을 경우 응집부상 제거효율이 증가할 수 있는 가능성을 보였다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용한 이미지 분석기법은 제공된 영상정보를 기반으로 기포의 기초 특성들과 관련된 정보습득을 위한 분석도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

The diffuser which is conventionally adapted to MBR, has problem that decreasing the cleaning effect of membrane module by inflexible air supply due to the occlusion of sludge from diffuser hole. To solve this problem, diffuser structure of submerged module should be improved to discharge sludge which is flow into the diffuser for prevent occlusion in the diffuser. In this study, the structure of the diffuser was reformed to open lower part for preclusion the blocking. And the outlet diameter of the diffuser was drawn through the condition for the depth of water and air rate, to prevent air-leak condition of improved diffuser. Moreover, application is evaluated by comparing test with occlusion effect of the conventional and improved diffuser. From the results, air-water boundary changes are steady with changes of water depth and it shows linear relation about air rate. By using this linear numerical formula, the height of diffuser's outlet can be decided. Also, it displays that it can prevent the occlusion effect during the comparing test. Hereafter, if this diffuser is applied to practical MBR process, the occlusion problem of diffuser will be disappeared.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2008

The pilot study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of air flotation(AF) processes combined with biological nutrient removal(BNR) for the retrofitting of conventional wastewater treatment facilities. The BNR system was operated in pre-denitrification and intermittent aeration; developed ceramic membrane diffusers were installed to separate the solid-liquid of activated sludge at the bottom of a flotation tank. Before performing a pilot scale study, the size distribution of microbubbles generated by silica or alumina-based ceramic membrane diffusers was tested to identify the ability of solid-liquid separation. According to the experimental results, the separation and thickening efficiency of the alumina-based ceramic membrane diffuser was higher than the silica-based ceramic membrane diffuser. In a $100m^3/d$ pilot plant, thickened and return sludge concentration was measured to be higher than 15,000mg SS/L, therefore, the MLSS in the bioreactor was maintained at over 3,000mg SS/L. The effluent quality of the AF-BNR process was 4.2mg/L, 3.7mg/L, 10.6mg/L and 1.6mg/L for $BOD_5$, SS, T-N and T-P, respectively. Lastly, it was revealed that the unit treatment cost by flotation process is lower than about $1won/m^3$ compared to a gravity sedimentation process.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2007

This study has been conducted to investigate pumping characteristics of diffuser/nozzle based piezoelectric micropumps. The micropumps include a piezo disk (an actuator), a chamber and a set of diffuser and nozzle. Flow in the current micropumps is controlled by a set of diffuser and nozzle, not by a nap valve. The diffuser/nozzle based micropumps are more reliable in operation and are easier in manufacturing than the flap valve based micropumps. The flow rates of the piezoelectric micropumps have been closely analyzed with a numerical calculation. It has been found that the positions of the inlet and outlet of the micropump can influence the performance of the diffuser/nozzle based piezoelectric micropumps. This study may provide fundamental understanding for the design and analysis of the piezoelectric micropumps.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.654-661
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• 2007

This study has been conducted to investigate the pumping characteristics of diffuser-nozzle based thermopneumatic micropumps with different input voltages and frequencies. In this study, the displacements of the membrane have been obtained changing the input voltage and frequency in load-free state because it is very difficult to measure the displacement of the membrane in an actual load state. It has been found that the amplitude of the membrane displacement increases as the input voltage increases. The pressure head of the thermopneumatic micropump increases almost linearly over some range of the input voltage and decreases almost linearly as the frequency increases. Also, the results show that the thermopneumatic micropump can pump the fluid over a certain input voltage. This study can be utilized as basic data for design and evaluation of thermopneumatic micropumps.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

Methanotrophic denitrification under a non-aerated condition (without external supply of oxygen or air) was investigated in a bioreactor coupled with a membrane diffuser. Batch experiment demonstrated that both methane consumption and nitrogen production rates were not high in the absence of oxygen, but most of the nitrate was reduced into $N_2$ with 88% recovery efficiency. The methane utilized for nitrate reduction was determined at 1.63 mmol $CH_4$/mmol $NO_3{^-}$-N, which was 2.6 times higher than the theoretical value. In spite of no oxygen supply, methanotrophic denitrification was well performed in the bioreactor, due to enhanced mass transfer of the methane by the membrane diffuser and utilization of oxygen remaining in the influent. The denitrification efficiency and specific denitrification rate were 47% and 1.69 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/g\;VSS{\cdot}hr$, respectively, which were slightly lower than for methanotrophic denitrification under an aerobic condition. The average concentration of total organic carbon in the effluent was as low as 2.45 mg/L, which indicates that it can be applicable as a post-denitrification method for the reclamation of secondary wastewater effluent. The dominant fatty acid methyl ester of mixed culture in the bioreactor was $C_{16:1{\omega}7c}$ and $C_{18:1{\omega}7c}$, which was predominantly found in type I and II methanotrophs, respectively. This study presents the potential of methanotrophic denitrification without externally excess oxygen supply as a post-denitrification option for various water treatment or reclamation.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.642-648
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• 2005

This study has been conducted to investigate the thermopneumatic and flow characteristics of diffuser/nozzle based thermopneumatic micropumps. In this study, a transient three-dimensional numerical analysis using FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) model has been employed to analyze the effects of the interaction between the membrane and two fluids (air and water) in the thermopneumtic micropump. The transient temperature and pressure in the cavity, the transient displacements of the membrane and the net flow rate of the micropump have been closely calculated for the frequency of 1 Hz. It has been found that the difference of the flow rates at the inlet and outlet is larger in the cooling period than in the heating period and that the duty ratio is very important in association with pump performance because the temperature in the cavity ascends drastically in the heating period and descends slowly in the cooling period. This study can be regarded as fundamental understandings for the design and analysis of thermopneumatic micropumps.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2672-2677
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• 2007

An investigation of low Reynolds number flow in nozzles and diffusers which are widely used in the valveless micropump is presented. Flow characteristics in the nozzle and diffuser are explained in view of viscous effect and flow oscillation induced by pumping membrane. These calculation results show that the rectification property of valveless micropump is due to a flow separation in the diffuser and the separation is largely originated from the flow oscillation. Under the assumptions of steady flow velocity profile and flow separation in the diffuser, simplified analytical models are provided to see the dependency of rectification on the micropump geometry. Geometric parameters of channel length, nozzle throat, chamber size, and converging/diverging angle are depicted through the analytical models in low Reynolds number flow, and the prediction and experimental results are compared. This theoretical study can be used to determine the optimum geometry of valveless micropump.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3104-3109
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• 2007

The present study has been carried out to investigate the pumping characteristics for different figures of inlet and outlet in diffuser/nozzle based on piezoelectric micropump. Piezoelectric micropump system consists of several parts like a pumping chamber, diffuser/nozzle, piezoelectric element and tubes. Parts of the micropump connected with diffuser/nozzle and tubes have been analyzed.. The magnified parts have been classified into two different models based on their resistance. These models have been further classified into six models with each one having three different angles at the magnified parts. Each model has been compared and analyzed using the simulation tool, namely, CFD-ACE depending on their flow rates and characteristics.