• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of the study is to measure the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the fatigue of rescuers wearing PPE (Level D) during a CPR session and to ultimately provide suggestions of safety standards for rescuers. Methods: 36 subjects were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided randomly into three groups of two-members, three-members, and four-members. Each group performed CPR for 30 minutes. Blood lactate concentration, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, chest compression depth and rate were measured before experiment and after each cycle. Results: There was a difference in the blood lactate concentration during CPR cycle by member of shifts (p=.014). The blood lactate concentration increased during CPR (p=.000). Subjective fatigue was a significant difference of chest compression in cycles 3, 4, and 5 for the member of shifts during CPR (p=.049, p=.009, p=.015). Depth and rate of chest compression were not different for the member of shifts during CPR. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish standards for the member of shifts during CPR, to reduce the fatigue of rescuers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2015

The $sdu1^+$ gene encodes Sdu1, a PPPDE superfamily member of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Sdu1 was previously shown to contain an actual ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) activity using the recombinant plasmid pYSTP which harbors the $sdu1^+$ gene. This work was designed to assess a thermotolerant role of Sdu1 against high incubation temperatures. In the temperature-shift experiments, the S. pombe cells harboring pYSTP grew much better after the shifts to $37^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$, when compared with the vector control cells. After being shifted to $37^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$ for 6 h, the S. pombe cells harboring pYSTP contained lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, compared with the vector control cells. The nitric oxide (NO) levels of the S. pombe cells harboring pYSTP were slightly lower than those of the vector control cells in the absence or presence of the temperature shifting. The total glutathione (GSH) levels of the S. pombe cells harboring pYSTP were significantly higher than those of the vector control cells. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH peroxidase activities were also higher in the S. pombe cells harboring pYSTP after the temperature shifts than in the vector control cells. In brief, the S. pombe Sdu1 plays a thermotolerant role against high incubation temperature through the down-regulation of ROS and NO and the up-regulation of total GSH content, total SOD and GSH peroxidase activities.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

Adjustable autonomy architecture provides various ways for a human operator to participate as a member of a human-robot team in improving the performance of the team by resolving issues that the robots cannot deal with or performing tasks that the robots alone would unable to do. According to the level of involvement of the human operator, the robots have to adjust their level of autonomy and, in consequence, the operation mode of the overall system shifts. This paper deals with the implementation issues of seamless switching when the level of autonomy of the human-robot team shifts from one level to another. Especially, we focus on developing reliable methods for monitoring the task progress and maximizing the system flexibility by coping with the detailed differences between humans and robots in their characteristics of motions and their choices of positions, paths, and sequences of sub-goals to achieve a given task. To test and motivate the proposed methods, we have assembled three heterogeneous robots which work together to dock both ends of a suspended beam into stanchions.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2007

This paper presents an impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technique considering temperature effects. The temperature variation results in a significant impedance variation, particularly both horizontal and vertical shifts in the frequency domain, which may lead to erroneous diagnostic results of real structures. A new damage detection strategy has been proposed based on the correlation coefficient (CC) between the reference impedance data and a concurrent impedance data with an effective frequency shift which is defined as the shift causing the maximum correlation. The proposed technique was applied to a lab-sized steel truss bridge member under the temperature varying environment. From an experimental study, it has been demonstrated that a narrow cut inflicted artificially to the steel structure was successfully detected using the proposed SHM strategy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1043-1046
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• 2009

Human protein tyrosine kinase-6 (PTK6) is a member of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase family and it is found in two-thirds of all breast tumors. Very recently, we proposed that the SH3 domain of PTK6 interacts with the linker region (Linker) between the SH2 and kinase domains, proving that the interaction between SH3 domain and Linker plays an important role in auto-inhibition mechanism. Residues from 1 to 191 corresponding region of SH3-SH2-Linker (SH32L) of PTK6 was cloned into the pET32a expression vector with Tobbaco etch virus (TEV) protease enzyme site by sequence homology and 3D structural model. The purified PTK6-SH32L was determined as a monomer conformation in solution. The amide proton resonances in the $^{15}N-^{1}H$ 2D-HSQC spectrum suggest that PTK6-SH32L possesses disordered structural region of the flexible/unstructured linker region. In addition, the backbone amide proton chemical shifts of the SH3 domain in the PTK6-SH32L differ from that of the independent domain, indicating that intra-molecular interaction between SH3 and Linker in the PTK6-SH32L is present.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.39-55
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• 2016

The rapid expansion of China's trade surplus since the mid-eighties and picking up until the onset of 2008-09 global financial crisis has been a key development in the world economy. While growing trade surplus of China has been viewed with cynicism borne out of an undervalued Yuan and for having being a member of WTO since 2001, many others argue that China's trade surplus reflect changes in China's economic and trade structure and associated shifts in its role within regional and global production chains. We address this issue by analyzing: (i) China's growing and changing trade structure as well as changing structure of trade surplus with the rest of the world, USA, Europe, Japan and rest of Asia, (ii) China's revealed comparative advantage (RCA) with the rest of the world, and (iii) how China's trade policies resulted into a shift in China's trade structure. We find that, not only China has made significant inroads in the world trade since its admission to WTO, but also there has been a noticeable shift in China's trade structure with specialization in high-end technology industries wherein China's exports aided by a well calibrated FDI policy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.566-572
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• 2016

Lysosomes are cellular organelles containing diverse classes of catabolic enzymes that are implicated in diverse cellular processes including phagocytosis, autophagy, lipid transport, and aging. Lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMP-1 and LAMP-2) are major glycoproteins important for maintaining lysosomal integrity, pH, and catabolism. LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 are constitutively expressed in Salmonella-infected cells and are recruited to Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs) as well as Salmonella- induced filaments (Sifs) that promote the survival and proliferation of the Salmonella. LAMP-3, also known as DC-LAMP/CD208, is a member of the LAMP family of proteins, but its role during Salmonella infection remains unclear. DNA microarray analysis identified LAMP-3 as one of the genes responding to LPS stimulation in THP-1 macrophage cells. Subsequent analyses reveal that LPS and Salmonella induced the expression of LAMP-3 at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Confocal Super resolution N-SIM imaging revealed that LAMP-3, like LAMP-2, shifts its localization from the cell surface to alongside Salmonella. Knockdown of LAMP-3 by specific siRNAs decreased the number of Salmonella recovered from the infected cells. Therefore, we conclude that LAMP-3 is induced by Salmonella infection and recruited to the Salmonella pathogen for intracellular proliferation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The present study examines the effects of 30 mg/kg butachlor on the cyanobacterial diversity of rice fields in Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Western Bihar in India. A total of 40 samples were grouped into three classes [(i) acidic, (ii) neutral, and (iii) alkaline soils], based on physicochemical and principle component analyses. Acidic soils mainly harbored Westillopsis, Trichormus, Anabaenopsis, and unicellular cyanobacteria; whereas Nostoc, Anabaena, Calothrix, Tolypothrix, and Aulosira were found in neutral and alkaline soils. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA PCR and DGGE revealed the presence of 13 different phylotypes of cyanobacteria in these samples. Butachlor treatment of the soil samples led to the disappearance of 5 and the emergence of 2 additional phylotypes. A total of 40 DGGE bands showed significant reproducible changes upon treatment with butachlor. Phylogenetic analyses divided the phylotypes into five major clusters exhibiting interesting links with soil pH. Aulosira, Anabaena, Trichormus, and Anabaenopsis were sensitive to butachlor treatment, whereas uncultured cyanobacteria, a chroococcalean member, Westillopsis, Nostoc, Calothrix, Tolypothrix, Rivularia, Gloeotrichia, Fischerella, Leptolyngbya, and Cylindrospermum, appeared to be tolerant against butachlor at their native soil pH. Butachlor-induced inhibition of nitrogen fixation was found to be 65% (maximum) and 33% (minimum) in the soil samples of pH 9.23 and 5.20, respectively. In conclusion, low butachlor doses may prove beneficial in paddy fields having a neutral to alkaline soil pH.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2019

In this paper, a laser-based non-contact load cell is newly developed for measuring forces in prestressed concrete tendons. First, alumina particles have been sprayed onto an empty load cell which has no strain gauges on it, and the layer has been used as a passive stress sensor. Then, the spectral shifts in fluorescence spectroscopy have been measured using a laser-based spectroscopic system under various force levels, and it has been found that the relation of applied force and spectral shift is linear in a lab-scale test. To validate the field applicability of the customized load cell, a full-scale prestressed concrete specimen has been constructed in a yard. During the field test, it was, however, found that the coating surface has irregular stress distribution. Therefore, the location of a probe has to be fixed onto the customized load cell for using the coating layer as a passive stress sensor. So, a prototype customized load cell has been manufactured, which consists of a probe mount on its casing. Then, by performing lab-scale uniaxial compression tests with the prototype load cell, a linear relation between compression stress and spectrum shift at a specific point where laser light had been illuminated has been detected. Thus, it has a high possibility to use the prototype load cell as a force sensor of prestressed concrete tendons.