• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.398-399
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• 2001

A fungus. Penicillium sp. PS-113. with high phosphate-solubilizing activities was isolated from soil and tested the viability in POA medium supplemented with various concentrations of Trio in order to develop a dispersing agent for liquid formulation. Moreover, the number of Penicillium sp. PS-113 conidia, stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ with Trio(0.1%) and various concentrations of additives($Cu^{++}$ $Mo^{++}$, bio-ceramic, Tween 80, PEG 200. diatomite. SDS), was counted on PDA at the intervals of 2 weeks. As a result, the liquid formulation containing 0.1 %( v/v) Trio was remarkably improved in dispersing ability and the viability of the conidia, and each of the supplements (0,01% $Mo^{++}$, 0.5% bio-ceramic. 1.0% Tween 80, 1.0% PEG 200) was similar to the 0.1% Trio.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.315-317
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• 2015

In vitro culture of murine embryos is an important step for in vitro production systems including in vitro fertilization and generations of genetically engineered mice. M16 is widely used commercialized culture media for the murine embryos. Compared to other media such as potassium simplex optimization medium, commercial M16 (Sigma) media lacks of amino acid, glutamine and antibiotics. In the present study, we optimized M16 based embryo culture system using commercialized antibiotics-glutamine or amino acids supplements. In vivo derived murine zygote were M16 media were supplemented with commercial Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine solution (PSG; Gibco) or MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids solution (NEAA; Gibco) as experimental design. Addition of PSG did not improved cleavage and blastocyst rates. On the other hand, cleavage rate is not different between control and NEAA treated group, however, blastocyst formation is significantly (P<0.05) improved in NEAA treated group. Developmental competence between PSG and NEAA treated groups were also compared. Between two groups, cleavage rate was similar. However, blastocyst formation rate is significantly improved in NEAA treated group. Taken together, beneficial effect of NEAA on murine embryos development was confirmed. Effect of antibiotics and glutamine addition to M16 media is still not clear in the study.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 1993

Agricultural and forest wastes were tested as substrate for the production of Flammulina velutipes. Among the meranti, pine tree, mixed sawdust, coffee waste and peanut hull tested, coffee waste was the best basal substrate for the production of basidiocarps. When various supplements, such as ricebran, brewer's grain, defatted corn flour, defatted soybean flour and defatted rapeseed flour were tested, defatted corn flour was chosen for the production of basidiocarps. Maximum yield of basidiocarps(129.38 g/bottle) was obtained from the mixed medium at 4 : 1 ratio of coffee waste and defatted corn flour.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2009

Dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum) has been widely utilized for medicinal purposes. However, the dandelion seeds are relatively difficult to germinate under cultivation conditions, which hampers seedling propagation of dandelion plants and reduces the opportunity of usage of such a useful medicinal plant. Thus, in this study, in vitro conditions for the dandelion seed germination were optimized to enhance the germination rate. In seed washing steps, the sequential treatments with 20% of ethanol, 20% of NaOCl, and distilled water avoided microbial contamination with the highest in vitro germination rate (67.5%) from seeds sown in germination media. The media supplemented with 1.4 g/L of MS salts and 1% of sucrose significantly enhanced the germination rate compared to the media with 4.4 g/L of MS and 3% of sucrose. Sowing the seeds vertically in the optimized media supplement conditions, 1.4 g/L of MS salts and 1% of sucrose, gave the maximum in vitro germination rate (61%), which was almost three times higher than sowing seeds on a soil pot (23%). Our results indicate that the seed washing and sowing methods including germination medium supplements can be optimized to enhance in vitro seed germination of dandelion.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2013

The development of species-specific fish cell lines has become a valuable tool for biological research. In recent years, marine medaka Oryzias dancena has been recognized as a good experimental model fish but there are no reports of establishment of cell lines from this fish. In this study, two cell lines from O. dancena blastula embryos were established from 41 total trials (4.9%). The two cell lines displayed typical in vitro morphology and have been cultured for >121 passages, which corresponds to 293 days. The doubling times of the cell lines were 29.84 and 28.59 h, respectively, and both possessed the potential to expand in a clonal manner, albeit with significant differences between the two cell lines. The absence of any of the four main medium supplements; i.e., fish serum, fetal bovine serum, basic fibroblast growth factor, and medaka embryo extract, significantly inhibited growth. The proportion of cells possessing normal chromosome number was 45% and 46.7% of the cell lines, respectively. Taken together, two cell lines that proliferate continuously were established from marine medaka and these cell lines may provide a basic tool for characterizing the unique features of this fish species.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

Objective: Objective of this study was to investigate community pharmacy-based pharmaceutical care accessibility in Korea. Survey on the current pharmaceutical care service provision was performed by PM2000 XE, a real-time pharmacy manager program, operated by Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center beginning November 4, 2013 until December 6, 2013 towards all community pharmacies throughout the nation which use the program. Method: The survey questionnaire consisted of four sections: pharmacy type, time-based accessibility, item-based accessibility, and spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs. Results: Number of pharmacy responded to the survey was 331, and size of the responding pharmacy was mostly medium-scale (66.47%) with 30-99 prescription fillings a day. Proportion of pharmacy with opening hour of 12 hours or longer was only 53.77% and it was less than 25% during saturdays and holidays. Item-based accessibility was generally acceptable for prescription and non-prescription drugs, medical devices, and health supplements. However, spatial accessibility for non-prescription drugs was problematic because only one quarter of the drugs was displayed over the counter, and most of the drugs were behind the counter so that customers could not reach out. Conclusion: Based on the survey result, current situation for accessibility of pharmaceutical care service in Korea is concluded inadequate and therefore needs multidimensional efforts to improve accessibility of the service at national level such as Korea Pharmaceutical Association and Ministry of Health and Welfare.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.234-237
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• 2008

The quality of sugar-snap cookie prepared with wheat flour supplemented with black rice flour was investigated. The pH of cookie batter decreased as the amount of black rice flour increased. Increasing proportions of black rice flour resulted in increase of width and spread factor of cookie, whereas thickness and fracturability decreased. L, a, and b values decreased as the amount of black rice flour increased. Sensory evaluation showed that supplements of 20, 25, and 20% black rice flour had the best overall preference in strong, medium, and weak flours, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.751-769
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chitosan and NOCC from different sources and of different molecular weights on cadmium toxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were blocked into 26 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 4 weeks. Cadmium chloride was given at the level of 0 or 400 ppm in diet. Various forms of chitosan and NOCC were given at the level of 0 or 4%(w/w) of diet. Cd toxicity was alleviated by various chitosan and NOCC supplements. However, the alleviating effects were different with fiber source(crab and shrimp), type(chitosan and NOCC), and molecular weight (low, medium, and high). Molecular weight had no significant effect. Compared with shrimp-source-fiber-fed groups, crab-source-fiber-fed groups showed lower Cd concentrations in blood and kidney, lower kidney metallothionein concentration, and lower liver and kidney MT-Cd contents. Compared with NOCC -fed groups, chitosan-fed groups showed lower intestine and liver Cd concentrations, lower liver and kidney MT concentrations and MT-Cd content, and higher fecal Cd excretion. Among cadmium-exposed group, low molecular weight shrimp chitosan group showed low Cd concentrations of liver and kidney, high fecal Cd excretions, and the lowest intestine and liver MT concentrations and liver MT-Cd content. In summary, a crab source fiber was more effective than shrimp source fiber, chitosan was more effective than NOCC, and the most effective one in alleviating Cd toxicity was low molecular weight shrimp chitosan.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2005

In order to optimize tissue culture conditions of Kentucky bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.), effects of culture medium supplements, media and cultivars on embryogenic callus induction and regeneration of plants were investigated. MS medium containing 3mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1mg/L BA was optimal for embryogenic callus induction from mature seeds. The highest plant regeneration frequency(57.7%) was observed when the embryogenic calli were cultured on N6 medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D and 3mg/L BA. Among several basic media, MS and N6 medium were optimal for callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. Genotype was an important factor in plant regenerability. ‘Newport’ showed to have higher regeneration frequency of 53.4%. Regenerated plants were grown normally when shoots transplanted to the soil. A short tissue culture period and high-frequency regeneration system would be beneficial for molecular breeding of Kentucky bluegrass through genetic transformation.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2002

In this study, plant regeneration through in vitro culture from plantlet stems of Yooja (C. junos Sieb.) and trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata Rafin.) was attempted to make mass-production system of virus-free plants having the same genotype with mother plant. In order to investigate physiological change depending on the developmental stage of plant regeneration, the changes of total protein, peroxidase and esterase activity and their isozyme patterns as well were examined in 1/2 MS medium. The results are as follows : 1. The MS medium for the optimal callus induction and shoot formation was utilized. The medium was supplemented either with 2,4-D and Kinetin or with BA and NAA. The optimal concentrations were the combination of 1.0mg/ 2,4-D +0.3mg/ Kinetin and 1.0mg BA +0.3mg NAA in callus induction and shoot formation, respectively. 2. For the plant regeneration from somatic embryos, 1/2 MS medium was used with supplements of growth regulators (free, 1.0mg/ IBA +1.0mg/ BA ,0.5mg/ IBA +0.5mg/ BA). Shooting and rooting were the best in the treatment of 0.5mg/ IBA and 0.5mg/ BA combination. 3. The total protein content has a tendency of increase with the developmental stage of embryo, but it was decreased at the plantlet. Also it was the highest at 8 and 6 weeks stage in C. junos Sieb. and P. trioliata Rafin, respectively. In the SDS-PAGE pattern of protein, C. junos Sieb. showed bands of 29.0 and 40kDa at 10 weeks. The 45,66 and 97.4 kDa bands at 10 weeks of culture were shown in P. trifoliata Rafin. 4. The highest esterase activity was shown at the 6 and 8 weeks of culture in C.junos Sieb. and P. trifoliata Rafin.., respectively. 5. Esterase isozyme patterns were shown difference according to the developmental stage. In C. junos Sieb. a new band was observed at pl 7.7 following 4 weeks culture. On the other hand, new bands in P. trifoliata Rafin. were observed at pl 7.5~6.5 following 4 and 6 weeks culture, respectively.