• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diabetes education program implemented in a community hypertension and diabetes education center. Methods: Participants were thirty nine diabetic patients who received the education program in the center from May 2014 through May 2015. The education program consisted of two sessions for 2 days (45 minutes per session) regarding clinical information, nutrition and exercise for type 2 diabetes patients. Initially, they were assessed for general characteristics, knowledge on diabetes, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors. Reassessment was performed on their knowledge and self-efficacy directly after the program, and on self-care behaviors at 12 weeks after the program. Results: The mean score of diabetes knowledge was significantly increased from $5.27{\pm}2.10$ to $8.21{\pm}1.20$ (p<0.001) between before and after the program. The self-efficacy score was also significantly increased from $6.88{\pm}1.72$ to $8.16{\pm}1.47$ (p<0.001). The self-care behavior score was significantly increased from $3.59{\pm}1.89$ before the program to $4.35{\pm}1.29$ (p<0.001) at 12 weeks after the program. Conclusion: The diabetes education program may be effective on the improvement of knowledge, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2178-2188
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• 2012

This study is based upon 200 final responses from a survey conducted for 153 nurses and 147 nursing students in Busan and Gyeongnam province from september to october 2011. It is carried out to compare and understand the spiritual needs of nurses and nursing students that are inclined to be more exposed unhealthy people rather than healthy people. In this study, the level of spiritual care needs was divided into five fields such as 'love and fellowship', 'hope and peace', 'meaning and purpose of life', 'acceptance of death' and 'relationship with God' and was investigated. As a result, the love and fellowship was the highest level in group of nurses (r = 3.82) and the relationship with God was the lowest one (r = 2.73). In contrast, a group of nursing students showed that love and fellowship was the highest level (r = 3.92) and relationship with God was the lowest (r = 2.99) among five fields. There were statistical significances between nurses and nursing students in 'acceptance of death' and 'relationship with God' (p < 0.05). When looking at correlation between fields of spiritual needs of nurses, the correlation between 'meaning and purpose of life' and 'hope and peace' was the highest (r = .699) and the correlation between 'relationship with God' and 'hope and peace' was the lowest (r = .247). As the result of analysis on correlation between fields of spiritual needs of nursing students, the correlation between 'meaning and purpose of life' and 'hope and peace' was the highest (r = .660) and the correlation between 'acceptance of death' and 'relationship with God' was the lowest (r = .277). Therefore, it would be imperative to develop a more efficient and systemized education program for the spiritual care of nursing patients, on the basis of understanding the spiritual needs of nurses and nursing students.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.563-570
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• 2009

This study carried out the survey of the actual condition targeting 303 patients with execution of treatment after medical examination among patients who visited from January 2, 2008 to December 31, 2008 at dental hospital where is located in K region, and analyzed by using a program of SPSS13.0. The ratio of treatment in posterior was high with 76.9% in central incisor, 62.3% in the 1st bicuspids, and 45.3% in the first permanent molars as for health in the right teeth of maxillary, and with 77.9% in central incisor, 64.4% in the 1st bicuspids, and 47.6% in the first permanent molars as for the left teeth. In the lower jaw, the ratio of treatment in posterior was high with 92.1% in central incisor, 73.9% in the 1st bicuspids, and 42.6% in the first permanent molars as for health in the right teeth, and with 92.1% in central incisor, 75.9% in the 1st bicuspids, and 43.2% in the first permanent molars as for the left teeth. The upper left cuspid was treated in older patients by age(${\chi}^2=32.33$, p=0.000), in the more patients with high blood pressure(${\chi}^2=12.60$, p=0.000), and in case of systemic disease. The significant difference was shown(${\chi}^2=6.37$, p=0.012). The older patients led to being treated cuspid among right teeth in the lower jaw. The significant difference was shown according in the more patients with high blood pressure(${\chi}^2=8.26$, p=0.004). The left cuspid in the lower jaw was treated in the older patients by age the statistically significant difference was shown(${\chi}^2=12.10$, p=0.007).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

PDiabetic neuropathy is one of the most common diabetes related complications including diabetic nephropathy and retinopahty. In clinical practices, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been used as a standard method for diagnosing diabetic neuropathy. However, it applies maximum current of 100mA to nerves causing stress and pain to patients. In this study, as a non-invasive method, $TcpO_2$ was utilized to investigate the difference and relationship between $TcpO_2$ and $SpO_2$ of normal and diabetic neuropathy subjects. In addition, a new method of diagnosing diabetic neuropathy using $TcpO_2$ is suggested. 50 normal subjects and 50 diabetic patients with neuropathy diagnosed by NCV participated in this study. Parameters used in this study were $TcpO_2$, $TcpCO_2$, and $SpO_2$. As a result of the $TcpO_2$ measurements, statistical significances were found from $TcpO_2$ of hands and feet from normal and patients group(p<0.01). $SpO_2$ measured from index finger of normal and patient groups showed no statistical significance(p>0.05). On the other hand, $SpO_2$ measured from great toes of normal and patient groups showed statistical significance(p<0.01). Correlation coefficient between $SpO_2$ of finger and $TcpO_2$ of hand was 0.400 (p<0.01) and $SpO_2$ of toe and $TcpO_2$ of foot was 0.471(p<0.01). Both correlation values were statistically significant. Sensitivities and specificities of the $TcpO_2$ method were found to be 66 % and 92 %, respectively. If the suggested $TcpO_2$ method is used periodically, prevention and early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy would be possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2019

The study was conducted surveying ultrasound room workers on hospital infection awareness in Daejeon and Choong-chunng region. The contamination of ultrasonic probes used in clinical trials was measured using ATP, and the results were verified after using 70% alcohol sterilization. It was measured on the group's general characteristics and the specific categories such as academic background, job type, having professional certificate and infection education. After the examination, the gel removal and method, disinfection status of the probe and variable correlation analysis were performed to analyze the recognition of the ultrasonic probe disinfection. After examination in ultrasound room, it was found that towels were used the most for cleaning, and the gel container was not replaced for more than three months. After 70% alcohol disinfection, ATP contamination was reduced from $1055.4{\pm}944.2$ to $133.5{\pm}93.2$ and the result was analyzed to be statistically significant.(${\rho}<0.01$) The found bacteria were CNS, Gram positive bacillus, and Micrococcus specs. In order to solve this problem, 70% alcohol sterilization was applied and the bacteria were not detected after the treatment. The research shows that regular training on infection control and efforts to prevent infection are necessary, and that 70% alcohol is effective in disinfect the bacteria. Therefore, the medical institution should provide active hospital infection control education to improve the awareness of hospital infection among workers and contribute to the prevention of patient infection. It is also understood that proper use of the results of this study will help prevent infection by means of ultrasonic probes.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.57-95
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• 2021

Korea's period for preservation of embryos is up to five years (the Bioethics Act). However, the study reviewed domestic and foreign laws and drew issues due to the recent demand that the development of related science and technology and the period limitation limit the rights of consent holder for embryo production. the first issue is that preserved embryos are intended for pregnancy, and it is important to ensure that the autonomy of the consent holder is protected through careful consideration based on information such as scientific evidence. the second is that regulations regarding the obligation to manage embryonic preservation institutions are needed. the third is to create a social atmosphere in which embryo creation, preservation, and disposal take place in a minimum range, considering the special status of embryos. based on this issue, the first of the proposals for rational improvement of the regulation and system about embryo preservation is the introduction of an environment in which sufficient explanation and appropriate consent can be exercised and to extend the reasons for the extension of the period, rather than specifying the specific period in law. the second is that institutionalization is necessary considering not only the obligation to manage preservation institutions but also the overall site, such as concerns that may arise as a result. lastly, we propose the introduction of a management method considering the future use of embryos, such as transfer to provide research purposes and donation of pregnancy purposes by others. this process should be a method of sufficient social discussion and consensus, as well as a general consideration of the family relationship with the born child.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of differences in grid focal distance used in general radiography on the exposure index and image quality, and to provide useful information for the application of grids in clinical radiography. With AEC applied and SID set to 110 cm, 30 images were obtained for each focus distance of the grid at 110 cm, 140 cm, and 180 cm under the same exposure conditions. The dose was measured using the DAP and ESD, while image quality was evaluated using the SNR and CNR. The exposure index (EI) was determined based on the values shown in the image. EI was derived from the values indicated in the images. The mean DAP values at focus distances of 180, 140, and 110 cm were 10.944±0.613, 10.687±0.516, and 9.74±0.588 cGy·cm², respectively. The ESD values were 1041.75±57.92, 1019.99±49.61, and 930.86±55.77 μGy, while the EI values were 205.97±11.77, 210.59±10.37, and 193.8±11.86. The SNR values were 28.48±0.62, 28.41±0.64, and 27.13±0.72 dB, and the CNR values were 0.09859±0.004276, 0.09864±0.004378, and 0.09026±0.004783 dB. The differences in the mean values were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The values were significantly higher at focal distances of 140 cm and 180 cm compared to 110 cm, but there was no significant difference between the focal distances of 140 cm and 180 cm. The correlation analysis results revealed significant negative correlations between FD and DAP (r = -0.642, p < 0.01), ESD (r = -0.629, p < 0.01), EI (r = -0.376, p < 0.01), SNR (r = -0.615, p < 0.01), and CNR (r = -0.575, p < 0.01) for all variables. The results of this study showed a moderate negative correlation between the focus distance of the grid and the SNR, CNR, DAP, and ESD, and a weak negative correlation with the EI. Therefore, radiological technologists should be aware that even when the same exposure conditions are applied using an AEC system, variations in focus distance of the grid can affect the exposure index, dose, and image quality. Careful consideration is needed when setting the target exposure index.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.186-202
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• 2024

Increase of extreme temperatures, including heatwaves and tropical nights, is causing significant human and property damage worldwide. In South Korea, the number of heat-related illnesses has exceeded fatalities from heavy rain and typhoons, showing a growing trend. Thus, proactive measures are urgently needed. This study aimed to predict the number of heat-related illness occurrence using sociodemographic and meteorological factors from 229 districts in South Korea. Data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (2021-2023), including heat-related illness cases, 24 of 35 sociodemographic variables and 32 of 70 meteorological variables, were anlyzed for model development. A prediction model was built using machine learning models (Ridge, Support Vector Regressor, Decision Tree Regressor, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest Regressor, XGBoost, LightGBM) to forecast the number of heat-related illnesses per 100,000 people. The XGBoost model (R² = 0.76) showed the highest explanatory power. Sociodemographic factors such as non-urban population (%), apartment housing area (%), nursing medical institutions status, and population over 65 years old (%) were the most important variables contributing to the increased occurrence of heat-related illnesses. Among meteorological variables, variables indicating sustained high temperatures, such as consecutive days with minimum temperature ≥ 25℃ and cumulative days with maximum temperature ≥ 29℃, showed higher importance. These results emphasize that the number of heat-related illnesses is influenced not only by social systems and structures, but also by combined effects of vulnerable populations and meteorological factors. Thus, comprehensive strategies addressing both sociodemographic and meteorological factors are needed for effective prevention.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the present status of patients' satisfaction and the reasons for any satisfaction or dissatisfaction in cancer pain management Methods : A cross-sectional survey was used to obtain the feedback about pain management. The results of the survey were collected from 59 in- or out-patient who had cancer treatment at two of the teaching hospitals in Seoul from July, 2002 to November, 2002. The data was obtained by a structured questionnaire based on the American Cancer Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire(APS-POQ) and other previous research. The clinical information for all patients were compiled by reviewing their medical records. Resuts : 1) The subjects' mean score of the worst pain was 6.77, the average pain score was 3.80, and the pain score after management was 2.93 for the past 24 hours. The mean score of total pain interference was $25.03{\pm}12.82$. Many of the subjects had false beliefs about pain such as 'the experience of pain is a sign that the illness has gotten worse', 'pain medicine should be 'saved' in case the pain gets worse' and 'people get addicted to pain medicine easily'. 2) 66.1% of the subjects were properly medicated with analgesics. 33.9% of the subjects reported use of various methods in controlling pain other than the prescribed medication. Only 33.9% of the subjects had a chance to be educated about pain management by doctors or nurses. 3) The mean score of patients' satisfaction with pain management was $4.19{\pm}1.14$. 72.9% of the subjects answered 'satisfied' with pain management. The reasons for dissatisfaction were 'the pain was not relieved even after the pain management', 'I was not quickly and promptly treated when I complained of pain', 'doctors and nurses didn't pay much attention to my complaints of pain.', and 'there was no appropriate information given on the methods of administration, effect duration and side effects of pain medicine.' The reasons for satisfaction were: 'the pain was relieved after the pain management.', 'doctors and nurses quickly and promptly controlled my pain.', 'doctors and nurses paid enough attention to my complaints of pain.' and 'trust in my physician'. 4) In pain severity or pain interference, no significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. On the belief 'good patients avoid talking about pain', a significant difference was found between the satisfied group and dissatisfied group. Conclusions : The patients' satisfaction with cancer pain management has increased over the years but still about 30% of patients reported to be 'not satisfied' for various reasons. The results of this study suggest that patients' education should be done to improve satisfaction in the pain management program.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2001

Purpose : To determine whether there exist gender differences in pain in Korean cancer patients and whether the depression and performance that are often expressed differently between men and women with cancer interact with pain. Method : The results of survey were collected from 140 in- and out-patients (78 male and 62 female) who had cancer treatment at one of the university hospital in Seoul for four months from February of 1999. The severity and interference of pain were examined with the self-reported survey based on Korean version of Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-K). Demographic and clinical information for all patient were compiled by reviewing their medical records, and the level of depression was examined with the Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-K). Usual statistical methods, e.g., frequences, means and SDs were used to characterize the sample. The chi-square tests for categorical data and t-test for numerical data were used for group comparison. And the correlation between variables were performed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Resuts : 1) The mean scores of the worst pain for last 24-hours measured with the pain severity of BPI-K were 5.77 in male and 6.45 in female. The pain interference of BPI-K in men was in the order of mood (5.49), enjoy (5.36), and work (5.00), and in women were work (7.48), enjoy (7.16), and mood (6.53). 2) In pain severity, significant difference was found between men and women in the average pain for last 24-hours (t=-2.130, P=.035). In pain interference, significant difference was found between men and women in activity (t=-2.450, P=.015), mood (t=-2,321, P=.022), walk (t=-2.762, P=.007), work (t=-4.946, P=.000), relate (t=-2.595, P=.010), sleep (t=-2.071, P=.040), enjoy (t=-3.198, P=.001). 3) It was found that the items of pain and depression are significantly correlated in men but not in women. Men also exhibited higher correlation in the items of pain and performance status than women. Conclusions : Women report significantly greater average pain for last 24-hours and for all items of pain interference than men. Pain and depression are significantly correlated in men. The results of this study suggest that gender differences in pain should be considered for planning effective pain management program.