• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Cholestasis results from impairment in the excretion of bile, which may be due to mechanical obstruction of bile flow or impairment of excretion of bile components into the bile canaliculus. When present, cholestasis warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment. The differential diagnosis of cholestasis beyond the neonatal period is broad and includes congenital and acquired etiologies. It is imperative that the clinician differentiates between intrahepatic and extrahepatic origin of cholestasis. Treatment may be supportive or curative and depends on the etiology. Recent literature shows that optimal nutritional and medical support also plays an integral role in the management of pediatric patients with chronic cholestasis. This review will provide a broad overview of the pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and management of cholestasis beyond the neonatal and infancy periods.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.1030-1039
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• 1997

연구배경 : IOS 혹은 FOT는 외부의 loudspeaker에서 발생하는 기류의 진동을 자발호흡에 부가시킴으로써 발생하는 압력의 변화를 분석하여 폐기능을 평가하는 방법으로, 일반적인 폐기능검사 방법들과는 달리 노력성 호기방법이 필요치 않고 자발성 상시호흡에서 검사가 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 또한 microprocessor 의 도입으로 Fourier 변환법에 의한 복잡한 신호 분석이 가능해 지면서 주파수에 따른 호흡기계의 impedance를 실측부분 (Rrs : resistance) 과 추정부분 (Xrs : reactance)의 두요소로 보다 깊이 파악할 수 있게 되었다. IOS의 임상적 이용은 소아의 폐기능검사, 역학적 연구, 소기도질환의 확인, 유발검사 등에 장점이 있다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 흡연자에서 발생하는 소기도 폐쇄 또는 조기 기도폐쇄를 확인하는데 있어서 IOS의 역할에 대한 연구 보고는 논란이 있어 왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 흡연자에서의 조기 기도폐쇄를 측정하는 방법으로서의 IOS가 갖는 임상적 유용성을 검증해보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 종합검진센타를 방문한 남자중에서 노력성 호기성 폐활량 측정 검사상 정상 소견을 보인 356명($40.6{\pm}9.7$세)을 대상으로 IOS(Jaeger company : Version 4.1)을 시행하여 흡연자군 (234명 : $40.2{\pm}9.3$세)과 비흡연자군(122명 : $41.5{\pm}10.6$세)으로 구분하여 양군간에 두가지 검사볍 지표들에 대한 유의성을 검증하였다. 결 과 : Spirometry 지표인 FVC, FVC%pred, FEV1, FEV1%pred, FEV1/FVC, PEF, PEF%pred, FEF25~75%, FEF25~75%pred, FEF50%, FEF50%pred 등은 모두 흡연자군과 비흡연자군간에 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. IOS 지표중 total resistance(흡연자군 : 비 흡연자군=$2.58{\pm}1.71$ : $2.22{\pm}1.20$), peripheral resistance($1.47{\pm}0.10$ : $1.25{\pm}0.62$), bronchial compliance($0.47{\pm}0.16$ : $0.44{\pm}0.12$) 등은 양군간에 유의한(p<0.05) 차이가 관찰되었으나 central resistance와 lung compliance는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다(단위는 resistance=hPa/l/s ; compliance=1/hPa). 주파수에 따른(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35Hz) Rrs은 양군간에 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었고, Xrs는 낮은 주파수, 즉 X5($-0.76{\pm}0.48$ : $-0.62{\pm}0.28$) 와X10($-0.15{\pm}0.33$ : $-0.06{\pm}0.19$)에서 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 있었다(단위는 hPa/l/s). 결론 : IOS은 흉연자와 비흡연자의 조기폐쇄를 확인할 수 있는 검사법이라고 판단되며, total resistance, peripheral resistance, bronchial compliance, 그리고 5Hz와 10Hz 의 낮은 주파수에서의 Xrs가 유용한 지표라고 판단된다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권9호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2009

Zr-based amorphous alloy matrix composites reinforced with tantalum continuous fibers were fabricated by the liquid pressing process, and their anisotropic mechanical properties were investigated by tensile and compressive tests of $0^{\circ}$(longitudinal)-, $45^{\circ}$-, and $90^{\circ}$(transverse)-orientation specimens. About 60 vol.% of tantalum fibers were homogeneously distributed inside the amorphous matrix, which contained a small amount of polygonal crystalline particles. The ductility of the tantalum-continuous-fiber-reinforced composite under tensile or compressive loading was dramatically improved over that of the monolithic amorphous alloy, while maintaining high strength. When the fiber direction was not matched with the loading direction, the reduction of the strength and ductility was not serious because of excellent fiber/matrix interfacial strength. Observation of the anisotropic deformation and fracture behavior showed the formation of multiple shear bands, the obstruction of crack propagation by fibers, and the deformation of fibers themselves, thereby resulting in tensile elongation of 3%~4% and compressive elongation of 15%~30%. These results suggest that the liquid pressing process was useful for the development of amorphous matrix composites with excellent ductility and anisotropic mechanical properties.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.536-541
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• 2012

실리카 입자가 첨가된 광경화성 임프린트용 복합체를 제조하여 실리카 양에 따른 경화 특성과 전사된 수 백 나노미터 크기의 임프린트 패턴 형성에 관한 결함을 조사하였다. 상온에서 UV 경화한 임프린트 레진은 실리카 양이 증가할수록 탄성률이 커지고 수축률이 줄어드는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 실리카 입자의 양이 7 wt% 이상인 경우 전사된 나노기둥끼리 서로 달라붙는 결함을 보이는데, 이는 실리카 입자가 광반응을 방해하여 임프린트 레진의 경화가 불완전하게 되면서 광경화된 레진의 점성이 증가했기 때문이다. 임프린트 레진에 실리카 입자를 충전제로 사용하면 경화 후 나노 패턴의 강도를 증가하여 형태를 유지하는데 도움이 되지만, 실리카 양이 7 wt% 이상이 되면 오히려 광반응 전환율이 떨어져 임프린트 공정에 의한 나노 패턴의 전사가 어려운 것을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.644-647
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• 2005

좌심방의 자유 부유 구혈전은 매우 드물며, 치명적인 전신성 색전증이나 혹은 좌심실 유입구의 폐쇄로 드물게 급사를 초래한다. 저자들은 7년 전에 기계판막으로 승모판대치술을 시행 받은 환자에서 크고, 자유 부유하는 좌심방의 구혈전을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.355-359
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• 1993

Ten consecutive patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm were treated in Chungnam National University Hospital from May of 1985 to June of 1993. Pulsating palable mass was the most common first sign [7 patients]. The ratio of male to female was 8:2. The age ranged from 53 to 73 years with mean age of 65 years. The etiology and location of the aneurysm was atherosclerosis and infrarenal aorta in all. Dacron graft interposition [straight graft-1, bifurcation graft-7] and wrapping with aneurysmal sac were performed in 8 patients. In one patient with infected abdominal aortic aneurysm, we performed aneurysmectomy and left axillo-bifemoral bypass with 8 mm PTFE graft. And in another patient with complete thrombotic obstruction of infrarenal aortic aneurysm, we performed the suturing of the proximal part of the abdominal aortic aneurysm and aorto-bifemoral bypass with 18 x 9 mm PTFE graft. There was one operative death with the mortality rate of 11 % and 8 complications in 4 patients; ARF[2], duodenal ulcer[1], mechanical ileus[1], genitourinary dysfunction[2] and wound infection with abdominal abscess[1]. Because of the high operative mortality after rupture of the aneurysm, we think it is better to operate on early at the diagnosis of abodominal aortic aneurysm is made.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권6호
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• pp.292-294
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• 2014

Primary tracheal amyloidosis (PTA) can lead to airway obstructions, and patients with severe PTA should undergo bronchoscopic interventions in order to maintain airway patency. Focal airway involvements with amyloidosis can only be treated with mechanical dilatation. However, the PTA with diffused airway involvements and concomitant cartilage destructions requires stent placement. Limited information regarding the usefulness of silicone stents in patients with PTA has been released. Therefore, we report a case of diffused PTA with tracheomalacia causing severe cartilage destruction, which is being successfully managed with bronchoscopic interventions and silicone stent placements.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2007

In this study, we inquire into the general concepts of eroticism as it appears in literature and the arts, and use this as a foundation to meditate on the eroticism of attire throughout history. We also ascertained external forms based on the range of "The way we look" by Delong. In this way we inclusively studied both the content and form of modes of eroticism in the perspective of Brodsky's "linked solution." The original concept of eroticism is a technique by which one attains physical passion, referring to a nature which is deeply rooted in the cultural traditions, myths, habits. religion and arts of mankind, inducing expressions of sensual love. We integrated this eroticism in 4 categories: sensuality, which induces beauty; naturality, denoting idealization or rational beauty; primitivity, characterized by grotesque expressions or direct and natural sexual depictions; and symbolism by which sex is symbolically or mechanically projected. The concept of eroticism contains both positive and negative aspects, but rather than dealing with sex in a mechanical or perverted manner to express eroticism, it is more appropriate to guide the direction of modes of eroticism by stimulating the "desire to show" and the "desire to see" with the dialectic of obstruction and exposure as a figurative expression of true passion, and narcistic phenomena in which beauty is expressed through exaggeration or magnification and adhesion.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

This paper introduces a simple nonlinear adaptive control method for pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) flow in natural gas pipeline. The dynamic behavior of the PIG depends on the different pressure across its body and the bypass flow through it. The system dynamics includes: dynamics of driving gas flow behind the PIG, dynamics of expelled gas in front of the PIG, and dynamics of the PIG. The method of characteristics (MOC) and Runger-Kuta method are used to solve the dynamics of flow. The PIG velocity is controlled through the amount of bypass flow across its body. A simple nonlinear adaptive controller based on the backstepping method is introduced. To derive the controller, three system parameters should be measured: the PIG position, its velocity and the velocity of bypass flow across the PIG body. The simulation has been done with a pipeline segment in the KOGAS low pressure system, Ueijungboo-Sangye line to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Three cases of interest are considered: the PIG starts to move at its launcher, the PIG arrives at its receiver and the PIG restarts after stopping in the pipeline by obstruction. The simulation results show that the proposed nonlinear adaptive controller attained good performance and can be used for controlling the PIG velocity.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2005

하악 좌측 견치의 미맹출을 주소로 내원한 10세 여환의 과거 병력 조사 중 3년 전 교통사고로 하악 좌측 골체부에 골절이 생겨 miniplate로 관혈적 정복술을 시행받은 것을 발견하였다. 통상적인 외과적 노출과 교정적 견인치료로는 견치 맹출에 실패하였고, miniplate를 제거함으로써 정상적인 매복 견치 맹출에 성공하였기에 보고하는 바이다.